Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

THERMOELECTRIC SOURCES OF CURRENT

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2279558

INSTALLATION FOR TRANSFORMATION OF LOW-POTENTIAL HEAT TO ELECTRICITY ENERGY

INSTALLATION FOR LOW-POTENTIAL HEAT TRANSFORMATION
IN ELECTRICITY ENERGY

The name of the inventor: Allayarov Artur Firdausovich (RU); Badamshin Ildar Khaydarovich (RU
The name of the patent holder: State Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 450000, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, ul. K. Marx, 12, UGATU, Department of Intellectual Property, VP Efremova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2000.01.01

The invention relates to heat power engineering, in particular to installations for converting low-potential energy into electrical energy. An installation for converting low-potential heat to electrical energy comprises a housing, thermoelectric modules connected to a battery, thermoelectric modules located behind the calorifier of a gas turbine power plant consisting of a series-installed compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, free turbine and electric generator and heat pump. The invention makes it possible to expand the functional capabilities of converting low-potential heat into electrical energy and to increase the efficiency of the installation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering, in particular to installations for converting low-potential energy into electrical energy.

A thermoelectric generator is known which converts the combustion heat of a fuel including a catalytic fuel combustion chamber containing a catalyst, thermoelectric converters, a fuel source, means for mixing fuel with air and means for supplying a combustible mixture to the catalytic combustion chamber, means for preheating the catalyst to the catalytic reaction temperature Oxidation of the fuel, for example an electric heater, and means for shutting it down after reaching the catalytic reaction temperature, enclosed between two ceramic or metal plates, the catalytic combustion chamber is formed by at least one thermoelectric transducer and the catalyst is applied to the high temperature surface of the thermoelectric transducer.

(Patent RU No. 2197054 of the IPC H 02 N 3/00, publication 20.01.2003)

The disadvantage of the generator is large losses due to the thermal conductivity of the thermocouples, high combustion temperature, which reduces the life of thermoelectric modules and requires frequent replacement, and limited functionality.

The analogue is a thermal power generator including a heater housing with a combustion chamber and a water jacket, a fan unit with an engine, a rotor, inlet and outlet air nozzles placed by thermoelectric modules with the power to supply electric power to the fan unit motor and external consumers; the rotor is provided with plane-parallel disks separated From the combustion chamber with a sealed separation wall, with the thermoelectric modules fixed to it and on the horizontal surfaces of the combustion chamber, and heat-releasing plates located in the air spaces between the parallel-parallel disks on the side of the rotor on the hermetically sealed separation wall. The technical result of the analogue is the possibility of obtaining three energy carriers from one generator - hot water, hot air, electricity, improved processability, simplification of commissioning, increased environmental friendliness and safety of use.

(Patent RU No. 216,670 of the IPC F 24 H 6/00, publication 10.05.2001)

And an analogue is known-a thermoelectric generator comprising a heater assembly, a cooler assembly, and thermoelement battery cells configured as modules that are assembled into a unit located between the heater and cooler assemblies. The heater assembly can be made hollow, which makes it possible to install it on the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine or diesel engine. The proposed design in combination with a 4-component material of thermocouples provides a compact generator that is easy to place both in the hull of the vessels at the location of the exhaust pipe and the car. At the same time, depending on the engine power, it is possible to obtain a generator with an output power of 10-30 kW or more and an efficiency of about 10%. The invention can be used in TEG, used for the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of nuclear reactors, internal combustion engines (ICE), diesel engines and other thermal engines.

(Patent RU No. 2191447 IPC N 01 L 35/2, publication 20.10.2002)

A disadvantage of these analogs is the limited functionality in connection with the use of thermoelectric modules as the main source of electrical energy.

The closest to the technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed device is an installation for converting low-potential heat into electrical energy, which is embodied in the form of an internal combustion engine exhaust system that includes a body, an inlet nozzle, a Laval nozzle, a thermoelectric generator with radiators and thermocouples connected to a battery, A vortex adjustable tube, Laval ring nozzles in which guide rails are installed on the expanding conical surfaces, which give the gas flows opposite motions of gases along the trajectory of the expanding helix, and the thermoelectric generator is connected to the battery by means of a diode. Cold junctions of thermal elements of a thermoelectric generator are cooled by a stream of incident air with the help of a Laval nozzle or a liquid. The invention makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the system, to improve the utilization of waste thermal energy by converting its part into an electric one to recharge the battery, to prevent the discharge of the battery to the thermoelectric generator.

(Patent RU No. 2081337 of the IPC F 01 N 5/02, 3/04, publication 10.06.97)

The drawback of the prototype is its limited functionality.

The objectives of the invention are to expand the functionality and increase the efficiency by using thermoelectric modules and a heat pump.

The task is achieved in that in a plant for converting low-potential heat into electrical energy containing a housing, thermoelectric modules connected to the battery, in contrast to the prototype, install a heat pump behind thermoelectric modules, and thermoelectric modules are located behind the calorifier of a gas turbine power plant consisting of Sequentially installed compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, free turbine and electric generator.

The figure shows the scheme of the installation.

INSTALLATION FOR LOW-POTENTIAL HEAT TRANSFORMATION IN ELECTRIC ENERGY. Patent of the Russian Federation RU2279558

The essence of the invention consists in converting the energy of waste gases into useful electrical energy by means of thermoelectric modules and a heat pump.

The installation includes a gas turbine power plant consisting of a compressor 1 rigidly connected to a turbine 2, a combustion chamber 3, a free turbine 4, a rotating generator 5, a heater 6 and thermoelectric modules 7 behind which a heat pump 8 is mounted.

The installation works as follows. The air is compressed by a compressor 1 and supplied under pressure to the combustion chamber 3. There, too, and under pressure, fuel is injected and ignited. The hot gases exit the combustion chamber 3 and rotate the turbine 2 and the free turbine 4. The turbine 2 in turn rotates the compressor 1 compressing the air through the shaft and the free turbine 4 rotates the electric generator 5. Next, the hot gases give off a part of the heat to the heater 6, the thermoelectric Modules 7 and heat pump 8.

A gas turbine power plant, for example GTE 10-95 , has a useful electrical power of 10 MW and heat energy of 15 MW . As a result, 83% of the energy of the fuel burned in the engine, turns into useful energy. The rest of the energy is thrown into the exhaust pipe and expended on the work of friction.

To prove the increase in the efficiency of the installation, we perform calculations.

We take the following parameters of GTU :

  • The temperature of hot gases is T = 500 ° K;
  • Air temperature T x = 300 ° K ;
  • Gas consumption G = 70 kg / s .

Then the lost power will be:

N = G · L = G · C p · (T g -T x ) = 70 · 1100 · (500-300) = 15,400,000 Bt = 15.4 MW.

Taking the efficiency of thermoelements 3% , we obtain the electric power taken from thermoelectric modules 15,4 · 0,03 = 0,5 MW .

Thus, with the use of thermoelectric modules, the efficiency of a gas turbine power plant is increased by 2% .

When using a heat pump, the remaining heat, 15.4-0.5 = 14.9 MW , can be converted into useful energy. Assuming the efficiency of the heat pump is 10% , we get 0.1 · 14.9 = 1.49 MW .

Thus, with the use of a heat pump, the efficiency of the installation is increased by 6% .

So, the obtained invention allows to expand the functionality and increase the efficiency by using thermoelectric modules and a heat pump as additional sources of energy.

CLAIM

An apparatus for converting low-potential heat to electrical energy, comprising a housing, thermoelectric modules connected to a battery, characterized in that it comprises a heat pump located behind thermoelectric modules, and thermoelectric modules are located behind the calorifier of a gas turbine power plant consisting of a series-installed compressor, a combustion chamber , A turbine, a free turbine and an electric generator.

print version
Date of publication 02.12.2006гг