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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2134928

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Name of the inventor: Vladimir Tokarev Omarovich; Tsaturyan Tigran G.; Ruben G. Tsaturyan
The name of the patentee: Vladimir Tokarev Omarovich; Tsaturyan Tigran G.; Ruben G. Tsaturyan
Address for correspondence: 129327, Moscow, ul.Lenskaya 23 kv.352, Tokarev VO
Starting date of the patent: 1998.06.18

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to produce electricity by converting thermal energy into electrical energy plasma. The device comprises a cup mounted in the housing with the anode and cathode, lucheprovod mounted on the housing adapted to form a conical nozzle. The apex angle of the truncated cone lucheprovoda selected in the range from 18 to 36 o. Lucheprovod through the chamber with a hole made in the latter is connected to the screen, consisting of two connected bases of smaller truncated cones. Under the screen there is a glass substrate for plasma material. In the cavity of the cone of the screen facing the substrate, the manifold is placed. The cavities of the body and the cup before operation of the device evacuated. Lucheprovod mounted on the housing with the possibility of adjusting movement. Holes chambers are in the same plane and are of different sizes, wherein the total area of ​​the holes chamber least square pairing bases screen openings cones. The invention allows to create optimal conditions for the twisting of the plasma stream to increase efficiency of the device and extend its working.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to produce electricity by converting thermal energy into electrical energy plasma.

A device for producing electrical energy, in which the resulting plasma in a fusion reactor is moved through the channels established by the way of its moving collector lattice type "Venetian blinds". (See. US patent N 3816771, cl. 310-5, 1974).

The disadvantages of this technical solution is complex and expensive manufacturing equipment, significant dimensions of the structure and the insufficient level of environmental safety, which is characteristic for the operation of nuclear reactors.

A device for producing electrical energy, comprising installed in the housing the cathode, the anode and the cathode heating system, and the housing is secured lucheprovod formed as a conical nozzle, and through the chamber made in the last hole is connected with the screen, which is a two-connected with each other less bases of the truncated cone and the apex of the cone of the nozzle is in plane interfacing truncated cones, and wherein the housing lucheprovod with screen placed in a beaker, the bottom of which is installed the substrate plasma of the material, and in the cavity of the cone facing the substrate is the collector. (See Patent RF, N 2105407, cl H 02 N 3/00, 1997...) - The closest analogue.

An analysis of the design to be noted that lucheprovoda difficult adjustment, which reduces the efficiency of the device. Replacement of plasma substrate material fraught with difficulties and inconveniences, and the conditions of the plasma flow twisting do not allow for high efficiency.

Object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of operation of the device by providing an accurate position adjustment lucheprovoda, but also create optimal conditions for the twisting of the plasma flow and the increase in the time of the device.

Problems are solved in that the device for producing electrical energy, comprising mounted in a glass body having an anode and a cathode having connectivity to a power source located within the housing mounted on lucheprovod housing formed as a conical nozzle, through a chamber formed therein holes connected with the screen, consisting of two interconnected smaller bases of truncated cones wherein the nozzle cone apex located in the coupling plane of the base of the cone, and under the screen in the beaker placed substrate plasma forming material into the cavities of the screen of the cone facing the substrate mounted collector and the screen and collector have electrical coils and the ability to connect to the power source and the consumer, and the glass - tubes for connecting the body cavity and the glass with an exhaust pump, new is that lucheprovod has an angle at the apex of the truncated cone from 18 to 36 degrees, with the most preferred its value in the range of 22 to 28 degrees, and mounted on the housing for axial adjusting the reciprocating movement, and openings formed in a chamber located in one plane and are of different sizes, with the larger opening directed towards the nozzle, intended for connection cup cavity with an exhaust pump, with the total area of ​​the camera hole is not more than the area of ​​the screen pairing bases cones. The device is provided with additional substrate mounted on a turntable equipped with a drive reciprocating movement in two mutually perpendicular directions.

When conducting patent studies have found solutions that are identical to the declared and, consequently, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty".

The essence of the proposed solution should not be explicitly known, it can be concluded according to the invention, the criterion of "inventive step".

The information contained in the application materials, enough for practicing the invention.

Brief Description of the drawing, which shows a device for producing electrical energy, general view.

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY. Russian Federation Patent RU2134928

Device for producing electric energy consists of a housing 1, which houses the cathode 2 near-cathode electrode 3 and an anode 4 and 5 with the rings 6 and the magnetic lens.

At the inner end surface of the housing 1 is mounted lucheprovod 7. At the outer end surface of the mechanism body 1 is secured with threaded nuts 8 which are threaded on the threaded portion of the sleeve 9 secured to lucheprovodom 10. Threads may be formed on the end lucheprovoda 10 and nuts are screwed directly into it . Threaded connection lucheprovoda 10 with bolts 8 allows lucheprovoda setting, exercising its reciprocating movement in the vertical direction. On lucheprovode 10 by nuts 11 fixed camera 12, the first electrode (screen) configured as interconnected smaller bases of truncated cones 14 and 15. All the holes made in the chamber is fixed to the side surface 13 on which is formed, and on the chamber holes arranged in a circle plane and are of different size, wherein the total area of ​​the holes 13 is not less than the area of ​​coupling holes smaller bases of the cones 14 and 15. In the cavity of the cone 15 is placed a second electrode (collector) 16 from the electrical coil 17 and the ground electrode 18 located electric coil.

Threaded surface parts 8 and 9 form a screw pair 10 which provides lucheprovodu axially reciprocating movement of the adjustment.

Under the plasma electrodes is set material (substrate) 19. The substrate may be placed in a refractory crucible 20, established rotatably on the turntable 21, on which the crucibles with additional plasma-forming material can be established. The table 21 has a drive and rotating reciprocating (e.g., in two perpendicular directions). Constructions known data tables, the table structure is not subject to the protection and is therefore not disclosed in detail in the application materials.

The housing 1 and the table 21 are placed in a glass 22, which may be prefabricated. Outside the glass can be placed source 23 of ionized gases. glass outside has a transformer 24 with elements 25 connect to an electrical energy source and by means of wires 26 and switch 27 associated with the consumer 28 of generated electric power through a switch 29 connected in a single electric circuit with the second electrode 16 with a coil disposed on it 17, and the first electrode placed on it a coil 18.

Performing prefabricated cup allows replacement of individual parts, since during operation in the cup cavity there are considerable temperature.

To a glass tube 30, 22 is connected in fluid communication with the cavity of the housing 1 and which is connected with a turbo molecular pump 31 adapted to pump cavity body 1.

To the beaker 22 and connected pipe 32, which is connected to the backing pump designed for pumping cup cavity (pumps on the drawings shows a fragmentary).

The electron beam is directed to the plasma material is indicated at 34. The plasma clot is indicated at 35, and the channel in the middle part of it - at 36. Jump seal indicated at 37.

DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
WORKS AS FOLLOWS

Because the plasma over the surface of the material when exposed to the electron beam 34, formed from low temperature plasma vacuum pressure in its volume of 6.65 Pa or above (with the inner channel of the lower pressure and the ambient pressure of 6.65 Pa) , then the dense flow of electrons, ions and neutral atoms laws of gas dynamics in a limited area of ​​the vacuum volume occupied by only a low-temperature vacuum plasma (which is confirmed experimentally). Electrons and ions are formed under the action of the plasma electron beam material 34, moving at a speed of 10 cm / sec (which is confirmed by a number of publications). To ensure the efficient operation of the device it is necessary initially to determine the Mach number (M) for the flow of particles from the plasma material. Studies have shown that it may have a value in the range from 1.1 to 3.0. Only the shock wave is formed 37 for these values.

For each of the Mach number values ​​chosen angle value ( ) At the top of lucheprovoda 10 (values ​​obtained by experiment).

Thus, the angle set within 18 o 36 o. At an angle ( ) Of less than 18 o, the device has very large dimensions, and at ( ) Greater than 36 o, it is difficult to provide a uniform density plasma clot.

In order to ensure reliable and efficient operation of the angle ( ) Is set in the range of 22 o 28 o.

Next to the body 1 is connected lucheprovod 7, a mechanism with bolts 8, which is screwed onto the threaded sleeve surface 9, connected to lucheprovodom 10, which expose such a way that the top of the truncated cone lucheprovoda 10 are in conjugate planes of smaller bases of the cones 14 and 15 of the first electrode. Screw connection parts mentioned above allows for fast, accurate adjustment of the device to work.

Further, the device is connected consumer of electricity 28 and the transformer 24. All connectors leak detector check, after which include backing pump 33 and, after the creation of pressure in cups cavity 6.65 Pa include turbomolecular pump 31, which carries out the pumping cavity of the housing 1 to a pressure of 6 65 × 10 -3 Pa.

Then include a transformer 24 and the cathode 2 is heated to a temperature of 1500 - 1600 o C, at which intensive outflow of electrons starts from its surface. Simultaneously, an appropriate voltage is applied to near-cathode electrode 3, the anode 4 and the magnetic lens 6. The electron beam 34, propagating at a high speed reaches the crucible 20 installed in the plasma forming material, whereby the latter is ionized and the secondary and reflected electrons rushing towards the cone 15, forming a clot 35 with low temperature vacuum plasma channel 36 in the middle part of the bunch, through which the electron beam passes. Due to the fact that the path of the plasma stream emitted from the plasma material mounted truncated cone, the thread as it is known from gas dynamics, "he feels" cone top and decelerates, forming leap seals 37. This electron beam electrons themselves are generators of moving towards spin electrons and the ions, and since the plasma material performs rotational movement, creating a temperature gradient between the first electrode and the crucible, and it improves the spin conditions. The presence of different sized openings formed in the chamber on a circle in one plane, and the location of holes larger the manner described above to create a pressure difference in the gas stream passing therethrough, which increases the speed of unwinding of the electrons and ions (plasma flow), a twist which contributes to the presence the above-mentioned temperature gradient.

The electrons whose mass is much smaller than the mass of the ions, to spin closer to the electron beam axis, and the ions are at a far distance form their rotation orbit.

Jump seal 37 consisting of particles of the evaporated material particles inhibits vapor-gas stream moving at a speed of 10 3 - May 10 cm / sec. Due to the fact that the electron beam itself is a twist generator, and the rotation speed of the flow depends on the magnitude of the concentrated electron beam current, the current increases with the particle flow reaches the rotation speed of 100 / sec or more.

Since the electrons have a mass of the order of 10 -31 kg and 10 -27 ions kg, the radii of rotation vary dramatically. Electrons deposited on the surface of the second electrode. If necessary, the medium is introduced from a source of ionized stream 23.

Is created between the electrodes is sufficiently large potential difference which is compared with a supply voltage of cathode 2 can vary from two to four or more times. When the parameters of the particles swirling steam and gas flow potential difference can reach very high values, corresponding to the difference between the electron and ion masses.

When converting rectilinear motion of electrons and ions in the rotational occur numerous collisions of electrons and ions, which tend to take their place in the interior of the low-temperature vacuum plasma. Are rearranged large number of electrons and ions. At the same time, as is known from the publications, the electron can be degraded to gamma rays and release the energy is four times more than is spent on its dematerialization. The electrons collide with heavier ions and transmit portion of its kinetic energy in the ratio of 4m 1 / m 2, where: m 1 - mass of the electron, m 2 - ion mass. Terms of the feasibility of this process is confirmed experimentally.

By enabling the switch 29 is connected to the device 28, the consumer of electrical energy, and the transformer 24 is disconnected from the power supply switch 27, and the device starts to work at the expense of own generated energy. the transformer can be included if necessary. This is important when the substrate plasma replacement material.

In operation, the device is constantly updated with the plasmoid plasma generated by an electron beam from the plasma-forming substrate 19.

The plasma clot held during working hours, which is determined by the need to replace the substrate or cathode substrate 2. When the replacement table is rotated to the desired angle, introducing an electron beam coverage area following plasma-forming substrate. Part of the table may fall outside of the glass. This allows you to set the crucible 20, instead of a new blank plasma waste material.

In operation, device separation of electrons and ions is virtually instantaneous due to centrifugal forces. This results in charging the particles evaporated material due to interaction with the ions rotating around the plasmoid, which contributes to a potential difference between the electrodes up to 1000 or more.

To create additional force facilitating retaining the bunch and the plasma stream can use electrical coils 17 and 18. This is necessary in cases when the plasma rotation speed exceeds 100 rpm / sec.

Check operation of the product was carried out under the following its parameters:

  • The S - area of the opening mating cone (mm) - 1200
  • S IZ1; S IZ2; S IZ3 - total area of the openings in the side wall of the chamber (mm) - 1200, 1150, 1250;
  • heating the cathode electrical current (A) - from 10 to 20;
  • cathode heating temperature (C) - from 1500 to 1600;
  • plasma-material - AMg6;
  • plasma material moving speed (m / h) - from 30 to 35;
  • the retention time of the plasmoid (h) from 0.5 to 1.0;
  • workload - the three bulbs 40 Watts each.

Current and voltage are measured by an ammeter and voltmeter with scale up to 1000.

The process of formation of the plasmoid and retention were recorded using high speed video (frame rate of up to 2,500 frames / second).

When S IZ1 - 1200 mm lamp burned brightly and steadily.

When S IZ2 - 1150 mm brightness lamps burning was not stable, the voltage changed by about 5 - 8%. When the total area of the holes, the holes smaller area device S does not work quite stable, thus the ratio It is optimal.

The plasma clot was held in suspension throughout the operating cycle.

When S IZ3 - 1250 mm devices was fixed voltage 1000 V. The current value was 10A. In operation, the device plasmoid is constantly replenished by the plasma generated by an electron beam from the plasma of the material placed in the crucible 20.

Thus the process of obtaining electricity confirmed physical process of electron separation and ions and their rotation that just causes the operating conditions of the energy source, in which, as confirmed experimentally, the energy released up to four times more than is spent without violating the law of conservation of energy.

Holding a plasmoid is happening throughout the process generating electric power, the duration of which is regulated by the cathode plasma and material resources.

You can use the device as an energy accumulator (after switching off the device while the bulb continued to burn).

The invention in its use allows to obtain electricity, subject of the process of environmental purity. The device can find application in industries where the use of electric energy is performed, for example, to create automotive alternators. The device may be used as the plasma power amplifiers.

CLAIM

  1. Device for producing electric energy comprising established in the glass body with the anode and the cathode, having the ability to connect to a power source, housed in a housing mounted on lucheprovod housing formed as a conical nozzle, through the chamber with the holes made in it connected with the screen, consisting of two joined smaller bases of each other of the truncated cones, the nozzle cone apex located in the coupling plane of the base of the cone, and under the screen in the beaker placed substrate plasma forming material into the cavities of the screen of the cone facing the substrate mounted collector, the collector, the collector and the screen are connectable to a power source and the sink, wherein the glass has connections for connecting the housing cavities and glasses with an exhaust pump, characterized in that lucheprovod mounted on the housing for axial reciprocation of the adjusting movement and camera holes are formed in the same plane and are of different sizes , the larger opening directed towards the nozzle, intended for connection cup cavity with an exhaust pump, while the total chamber hole area not less than an area coupling holes bases screen cones, and the angle at the apex of the truncated cone lucheprovoda selected in the range from 18 to 36 o.
  2. Device for producing electric energy according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with additional substrate mounted on the entered into the device table provided with pivot drives and reciprocating movement in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  3. Device for producing electric energy according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the apex angle of the truncated cone lucheprovoda selected in the range of 22 to 28 o.

print version
Publication date 09.11.2006gg