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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2041363
THERMAL FILM ENERGY INSTALLATION
The name of the inventor: Butakov Nikolai Yakovlevich
The name of the patent holder: Butakov Nikolai Yakovlevich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1991.06.06
Usage: in heat power engineering, mainly with combined generation of thermal and electrical energy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a surface cooler, a steam generator and a condenser of a low-boiling substance of contact type are connected in parallel to the first preheater in the heating system connected to the exhaust of the steam-water turbine of a non-condenser type. Low boiling point steam is used for additional power generation by means of a steam turbine with reduced heat load or switched off network heaters. The first network heater is made three-section on the heated medium, one of the sections is intended for use only for heating needs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to thermal power plants intended for the combined production of electrical and thermal energy.
Heat and power plants are known that contain a steam boiler, steam-water turbine with step-by-step condensation of exhaust steam in network heaters and in a condenser. Heat and power plants are known that contain a counterpressure turbine with step-by-step condensation of steam only in network heaters.
A heating plant is known that contains a turbine with step-by-step condensation of steam in network heaters, whose heat supply circuit after network heaters includes a surface water cooler to cool part of the network water with reduced heat loads and return of the cooled water to the network heaters.
A disadvantage of a known heating plant chosen as a prototype is a significant reduction in efficiency when a surface water cooler is supplied that gives heat to the environment at a relatively high temperature.
The purpose of the invention is to obtain additional peak electrical power with increased efficiency at reduced thermal loads or with high-pressure heaters shut off.
This is achieved by the fact that the heat generation power plant containing the steam generator, the steam-water turbine of the non-condenser type, the electric generator, the network heaters and the surface cooler connected to them, is additionally equipped with a steam generator of a low-boiling substance of the contact type of vapors and a turbine with an electric generator, a condenser of a low- The first preheater in the course of the network water is made with a three-section heater, two of which are connected to a surface cooler, a steam generator and a condenser of low boiling point steam.
The receipt of additional peak electrical power with an increased efficiency in the proposed heating plant is based on the fact that when the heat load is reduced, some of the heat and steam in an amount of up to 30% can be directed to obtaining additional peak electric power in the steam and turbines of the low boiling point during the morning And evening hours in the days of 2-3 hours.
The figure shows the scheme of the heat power plant.
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The installation includes a steam generator 1, a steam-water turbine of a noncondensor type 2, an electric generator 3, a network heater 4 with integral separate sections 5 and 6, a network heater 7, a network pump 8, a condensate pump 9, a regeneration system represented by a conventional high pressure heater 10, -14 in the network water circuit 15, the valves 16-19 in the recirculation circuit 20, the circulation pump 21, the steam generator of the contactless type low-boiling point substance 22 of the water spray nozzle 23, the low-boiling substance injector 24, the steam turbine 25, the electric generator 26, the steam condenser Low-boiling substance 27, condensate pump 28, circulation pump 29, surface water-cooler 30, valves 31-36. |
TEPLOFIKACIONNAYA ENERGETICHESKAYA INSTALLATION WORKS AS FOLLOWING
The steam from the steam generator 1 enters the steam-turbine 2, where, expanding, it performs the work necessary to drive the electric generator 3. The exhausted steam enters the network heater 4 with built-in separate sections 5 and 6 and into the network heater 7 where it condenses, giving off heat For heating the network water supplied by the network pump 8 from the heat supply system. The condensation of water vapor by the pump 9 is fed into the regeneration system conventionally indicated by the heater 10 and the steam boiler 1.
When the heat load in the heat supply system decreases and to maintain the thermal power of the network heater with built-in separate sections 5 and 6, it is necessary to transfer excess heat to the power circuit of the low-boiling substance.
For this purpose, the valves 11-14 on the network water pipes are closed, and the valves 16-19 on the pipelines of the recirculation loop 20 are opened. By the circulation pump 21, the heated water in the individual sections 5 and 6 of the network heater 4 is supplied to a contact type steam generator 22 where the hot water is injected by the nozzles 23 and under the own weight the water droplets fall down the steam generator and accumulate to a certain level. At the same time, the condensate of low-boiling matter is sprayed with droplets into the drops of water. When the droplets meet and interact, heat and mass transfer occurs between the water and the low-boiling substance, the drops of water are cooled, and the drops of the low-boiling substance are heated and evaporated and the steam is collected at the top of the steam generator. The cooled water from the steam generator is supplied by the circulation pump 21 to separate sections 5, 6 of the network heater 4, and the low-boiling matter vapor from the steam generator enters the turbine 25 where, while expanding, the mechanical work necessary to drive the electric generator 26 is performed. The exhausted vapor after the turbine 25 is supplied Into the condenser 27, where they condense on the cooling water droplets.
As a result of the difference in the specific gravity of water and the low-boiling substance, two liquids are separated. The condensate of a low boiling point material is accumulated heavier than water and the condensate pump 28 is supplied to the steam generator 22, and water is supplied to the surface water cooler 30 by the circulation pump 29, where the water is cooled by external air and again enters the condenser 27.
When the heat load is restored, switching of the valves is performed and network water is fed through a separate section 5 of the network heater 4, and the circulating water of the circuit 20 is heated through the separate section 6 of the network heater 4, heated by the exhaust steam after the steam-water turbine, when the high-pressure heaters 10 are switched off.
When heaters 10 are switched on, the network heater 4 with separate sections 5 and 6 will heat the mains water, while the recirculation circuit 20 is turned off.
In the warm season, the secondary power circuit can be shut off, for which the latches 31-34 are closed, and the latches 35, 36 open and the surface water cooler is connected directly to the individual sections 5, 6 of the heater 4.
In the proposed heating plant, the network heater 4 is provided with built-in separate sections 5 and 6 over the heated medium. This is due to the fact that Freons slightly dissolve in water and to limit the ingress of Freon dissolved in water into the network water, the supply of circulating water from the contactor-type steam generator of the secondary power circuit to the network heater 4 is localized by performing individual inputs and outputs of circulating water for the tube bundles of individual sections 5 and 6 and installation of blocking fittings from the rest of the heat supply scheme.
On the water vapor side, the tube bundles of the individual sections 5 and 6 of the network heater 4 are not allocated.
CLAIM
THERMAL FIXING ENERGY INSTALLATION, containing a steam generator, a turbine of a noncondensor type, an electric generator, network heaters and a parallel surface cooler connected to them, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation under reduced thermal loads, it is additionally equipped with a steam generator of a low-boiling substance of contact type, a steam turbine With an electrogenerator, a condenser of a low-boiling point vapor of contact type, the first in the line of the water-water heater being three-sectional, two of which are communicated with a surface cooler, a steam generator and a low boiling point condenser.
print version
Published on February 14, 2007
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