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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2092961

THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER IN ELECTRICAL

The name of the inventor: Bely D.M.
The name of the patent holder: Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent:

Use: in electrical engineering, in particular, in devices for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical.

Essence: the converter contains permanent magnets, coils and heat sources in the form of parallel heat pipes. In this case, a symmetrical spherical flapping diaphragm is installed symmetrically between the heat pipes, the cylindrical permanent magnets fixed on both sides of the membrane with end surfaces fixed concentrically with fixed coils. Thermobimetallic elastic elements are attached to the free end surfaces of permanent magnets, one of which is brought into elastic contact with a nearby heat pipe, and the other is removed from the other heat pipe, respectively, by a distance equal to the change in the deflection of the membrane during cotton.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to devices for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.

There are known devices for converting thermal energy into electrical energy based on thermocycling of magnetic materials in a constant magnetic field containing a permanent magnet between the poles of which a core with a coil is placed, a heat source and a heat sink [1] [2]

However, the known devices do not allow obtaining a sufficiently high output voltage (more than 1 2 mV) , and are characterized by considerable complexity and cost due to the need to make a core of materials with significant ranges of specific magnetization - polycrystalline dysprosium, iron-rhodium alloys containing Be, Mg , Al, Ca , alloys based on manganese and nickel.

The closest in terms of technical essence and achieved results to the present invention is a thermal energy converter into an electrical one , comprising a conductive contour between the poles of a permanent magnet made of a material with the effect of a two-sided memory of a shape above and below the points of martensitic transformation of the material, a source of pulsed thermal radiation and a refrigerator [3]

However, this converter is characterized by considerable complexity and cost of construction , and, in addition, low efficiency of converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The complexity and high cost are due to the use of special alloys from mono-nickelide of titanium for the conductive contour, the need for shaping the contour at a temperature above the martensitic transformation point without the transition of the limit of permissible deformation, the necessity of using a pulsed thermal radiation source and a refrigerator due to a considerable temperature range of +25 ^o C +55 ^o C / points of the martensitic transformation of the material of the circuit during cooling and heating. On the one hand, the low efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is due to the significant costs of thermal energy, the need for a significant range of temperature differences, the use of a special heat source and a refrigerator for these purposes, and on the other hand, the low level of the amplitude induced in the circuit EMF. The latter is explained by the low frequency of the discontinuous displacement of the contour due to the relatively long cycle of its cooling-heating in the range of 30 ^° C / +25 ^° C to +55 ^° C and back /, and - by the extremely low magnetic field strength between the poles of a permanent magnet due to the huge magnitude Air gap in which the bending movements of the contour occur, and the movements do not occur along the gap plane, but across, which is caused by the very principle of operation of the known converter.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, and to reduce the complexity and cost of the converter design.

The goal is achieved by introducing a symmetrical spherical flapping diaphragm installed symmetrically between the heat pipes into a known thermal energy converter into an electrical transformer containing permanent magnets, coils and heat sources in the form of parallel heat pipes, on the rigid center of which on both sides of the membrane cylindrical The permanent magnets concentrically enclosed by the immovable coils, while the free end faces of the permanent magnets are attached with thermobimetallic elastic elements, one of which is brought into elastic contact with a nearby heat pipe and the other is removed from the other heat pipe, respectively, by a distance equal to the change in the deflection of the membrane in cotton .

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing , which schematically shows the proposed converter, a general view.

The converter uses the thermal energy of hot heat pipes, for example, heat exchangers, heating systems, etc. The transducer comprises a symmetrical between the parallel heat pipes 1, 2 a spherical flapping membrane 3 clamped along the outer contour by means of an annular clip 4. On the rigid center 5 of the membrane 3, cylindrical permanent magnets 6, 7 fixed concentrically with fixed coils 8 , 9. The U-shaped thermobimetallic elements 10, 11 are attached to the free end faces of the permanent magnets 6, 7, the active layer of which is the non-magnetic steel located on the inner surface of the elements, and the passive invar layer on the outer surface. In this case, one of the elastic thermobimetallic elements 10 is brought into elastic contact with the nearby heat pipe 1, and the other thermobimetal element 11 is removed from the other heat pipe 2, respectively, by a distance equal to the change in the deflection of the membrane 3 in cotton. The ring clamp 4 is mounted on the guides 12 and fixed by means of adjusting screws 13.

The work of the transducer proceeds as follows

In the figure, the converter is shown in one of its two static positions, when the membrane 3 has just "slammed" into its upper limit position, the temperature of the thermobetallic cell 10 is close to the ambient (air) temperature. At the same time, due to the axial adjustment of the transducer, the terbiometallic element 10 is elastically pressed against the pipe 1 with a force that is not sufficient to trigger the membrane 3 into the lower limit position, however, in which the membrane 3 is in a critical state, that is, ready for operation. At the slightest heating of the thermobimetallic element 10 from the pipe 1, the element 10 tends to expand and the membrane 3 "slams" to the lower position, where the already cooled thermobimetallic element 11 elastically presses against the pipe 2, since it is installed from the tube 2 at a distance equal to the displacement of the membrane 3 with cotton. Thus, the process of clapping the membrane 3 automatically repeats at a high frequency. In this case, the permanent magnets 6, 7 are relayed in the working gaps of the coils 8, 9 with high relative velocities, so that in the coils 8, 9 emf variables of relatively large amplitude are induced.

Naturally, here it is very important to perform the preliminary adjustment of the device in the axial direction, since for each cotton of the membrane 3, the thermobimetallic elements 10, 11 should alternately spring against the tubes 1, 2, respectively, with such force that the membrane 3 is on the verge of detachment in New relay mode / cotton /. In this case, the highest response frequency is ensured, since a minimum force is required, and accordingly, the heating time of the elements 10, 11 causing the diaphragm 3 to operate. Adjustment is carried out on one side by axial displacement of the annular clip 4 along the guides 12 by means of adjusting screws 13, and With the other insertion of the gaskets between the elements 10, 11 and the end surfaces of the magnets 6, 7 / in the drawing, these gaskets are not shown. Adjustment by means of plastic deformation of the elements 10, 11 is not desirable, since this leads to the appearance of elastic residual stresses in the material of the elements 10, 11, which are gradually removed during operation and violate the initial adjustment.

Compared with the devices analogs and prototype, the proposed converter allows several times to increase the efficiency of energy conversion. Natural sources of heat and cooling are used here, there are practically no requirements for temperature ranges. Operation of the device in highly nonlinear / relay / modes with significant relative velocities provides a relatively high level of amplitudes of the received electrical signals. The design of the converter is extremely simple, there is no need to use special expensive elements. Regarding the accuracy of the adjustment of the device, it is necessary to note the following. The device is operable practically without adjustment, it is only necessary that the thermobimetallic elements 10, 11 for each cotton of the membrane 3 at least "tentatively" touch the pipes 1, 2, as the elements 10, 11 are heated, the membrane 3 will operate. However, the above adjustment will ensure maximum The efficiency of the converter operation due to the maximum possible frequency of operation of the membrane 3.

A similar type of energy conversion device is efficient, simple and economical and can find extremely wide application.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. U.S. Patent No. 3,274,405, Cl. 310 4, publ. 1966.
2. A.S. USSR N 811466, cl. H 02 N 11/00, publ. 1981.
3. A. with. The USSR N 1427532, cl. H 02 N 11/00, H 02 K 37/04, publ. 1988 / prototype /.

CLAIM

A converter of thermal energy into electrical energy , containing permanent magnets, coils and heat sources in the form of parallel heat pipes, characterized in that a spherical flapping membrane is installed symmetrically between the heat pipes symmetrically between the heat pipes, cylindrical permanent magnets are fixed on both sides of the membrane , Concentrically covered by immobile coils, while the free end faces of permanent magnets are attached thermobimetallic elastic elements, one of which is brought into elastic contact with a nearby heat pipe, and the other is removed from the other heat pipe, respectively, by a distance equal to the change in the deflection of the membrane in cotton.

print version
Date of publication 19.11.2006гг

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