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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2093930
METAL-AIR MATERIAL CHEMICAL SOURCE OF CURRENT
The name of the inventor: Tumanov Vladimir Leonidovich [RU]; Stankov Vitaliy Khristoforovich [RU]
The name of the patentee: Lee Sergey Anatolievich (KZ); Tumanov Vladimir Leonidovich (RU)
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.03.10
Use: autonomous, emergency and portable power sources for vehicles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A metal-air chemical current source comprises a sacrificial anode, a gas diffusion cathode and an aqueous electrolyte of composition (wt.%): An alcohol of 5-20, an ionic substance of 5-25, and water with the remainder. As the ionic substance, sodium chloride may be used at a content of 5-15% by weight or an alkali metal hydroxide with a content of 10-25% by weight.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in the manufacture and operation of metal-air chemical current sources (HIT).
A metal-air HIT containing a sacrificial metal anode, a gas diffusion cathode and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte is known (EPO No. 071015, cl. H01M 12/06, 1983) . The disadvantage of this HIT is increased anode corrosion and self-discharge.
Known is a metal-air HIT comprising a sacrificial metal anode, a gas diffusion cathode and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride as an electrolyte (German Application No. 2947853, cl. H01M 12/02, 1981) . Disadvantages of the considered HIT are low efficiency due to increased corrosion of the anode and the inability to operate at low temperatures due to the freezing of the electrolyte.
Of the known HIT, the closest to the set of essential features is a metal-air HIT with a metallic anode made of aluminum or magnesium; A gas diffusion cathode and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride or an alkali metal hydroxide as an electrolyte. To increase the efficiency of the use of the anode, by reducing the rate of corrosion during storage, an organic additive is introduced into the electrolyte. As such additives are used organic acids: formic, citric, oxalic and the like. (US Pat. No. 4,275,125, cl. H01M 12/06, 1981). The disadvantage of this HIT is the impossibility of its use at negative temperatures.
The object of the invention is to create a metal-air HIT having improved anode utilization and allowing operation at negative temperatures.
This technical result is achieved in that in the known metal-air HIT, an alcohol is used as the organic additive from the group containing: ethanol, methanol, propanol, glycerin, ethylene glycol and / or mixtures thereof with the following component ratio (wt.):
Alcohol 5 20
Ionic substance 5 25
Water remaining
As an ionic substance, sodium chloride can be used with the following component ratio (wt.):
Alcohol 5 20
Sodium chloride 5 15
Water the rest;
Or an alkali metal hydroxide with the following component ratio (wt.):
Alcohol 5 20
Alkali metal hydroxide 10 25
Water the rest.
As alcohol used: methanol, ethanol, propanol, glycerin, ethylene glycol and / or their mixtures, which dissolve with water in any ratio. The introduction of alcohol into the electrolyte prevents its freezing at negative temperatures, which allows the use of HIT at these temperatures and reduces the rate of corrosion.
The carried out analysis of the prior art showed that the claimed set of essential features set forth in the claims is not known, which makes it possible to conclude that the claimed invention complies with the criterion of "novelty".
To check the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criterion "inventive level" an additional search of known solutions was carried out to identify the signs that coincide with the features of the claimed solution that are distinct from the prototype. It has been found that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, the effect of the transformations envisaged by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result is not revealed. Consequently, the claimed invention corresponds to the criterion of "inventive step".
The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by a drawing and an example of practical implementation.
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The figure shows a cross-section of metal-air HIT with a water electrolyte. The claimed HIT contains a soluble metal anode 1 of aluminum, magnesium or zinc, a housing 2 with windows 3. In the case windows, gas diffusion cathodes 4 are arranged. The body is filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution containing an alcohol additive. HIT works as follows. At the cathode 4, under the influence of the catalyst, the oxygen reduction reaction takes place in the aqueous solution of the electrolyte 5 in accordance with the equation: |
Thus, as a result of electrochemical dissolution of the metal anode, HIT generates electricity. The reaction products are metal hydroxide and hydrogen. The addition of alcohol to the electrolyte does not affect the current generating reaction, but it significantly reduces the freezing point of the electrolyte, which allows the use of HIT at negative temperatures and inhibits the corrosion process, increasing the efficiency of the use of the anode.
An example of practical implementation: comparative tests of three metal-air elements with magnesium anodes, gas diffusion carbon electrodes and water-salt electrolyte were carried out. In the 1st element, 10 parts by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution was used as the electrolyte, into which a glycerin additive in an amount of 15 wt. In the second element, an addition of ethyl alcohol in an amount of 15 wt. The 3rd element used an electrolyte without the addition of alcohol.
Elements in the tests were assembled into a series electrical circuit. The discharge of the elements was carried out with a constant current of 1 A for 5 h under normal conditions. Samples of electrolytes in an amount of 5 ml for each of the elements were placed in a cold chamber with a temperature of -18 ° C.
After discharge, the anodes were removed from the elements, washed with water and visually inspected. As a result of the inspection it was established that the anodes in elements with alcohol and glycerin additives are consumed evenly over the entire surface, which increases the efficiency of their use. In an element with an electrolyte without additives, corrosion of anodes is uneven, in the form of individual shells, some sections of the anodes are uncorroded, which reduces the effectiveness of their use. From the elements with additives in the electrolyte, it is easier to remove slime residues and easier to wash the anodes.
Checking electrolytes in the cold chamber at -12 o C showed that the electrolytes with additives remained liquid, the electrolyte without the additive froze.
Thus, these tests showed that the elements containing the electrolyte with the addition of alcohol retained its serviceability at negative temperatures, have a higher efficiency of anode use and reduced corrosion.
The obtained data confirmed the possibility of practical implementation of metal-air HIT with achievement of the declared technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".
CLAIM
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A metal-air chemical current source comprising a sacrificial metal anode, a gas diffusion cathode and an aqueous solution of an ionic substance as an electrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte additionally contains an additive and / or mixtures thereof at the following component ratio,
Alcohol 5 20
Ionogenic substance 5 25
Water Other
2. A current source according to claim 1, characterized in that an alkali metal hydroxide is taken as the ionic substance with the following component ratio,Alcohol 5 20
Alkali metal hydroxide 10 25
Water Other
print version
Date of publication 05.12.2006гг
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