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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2259284

DC traction substations CO superconducting inductive energy storage

DC traction substations CO superconducting inductive energy storage

Name of the inventor: Bykadorov AL (RU); Zarutsky TA (RU); Petrushin AD (RU); Figurnov EP
The name of the patentee: Bykadorov Leonovich Alexander (RU); Zarutsky Tatyana A. (RU); Petrushin Alexander D. (RU); Figurnov Eugene P.
Address for correspondence: 344038, Rostov-on-Don, pl. People's Militia, 2, RSTU, NIS
Starting date of the patent: 2003.02.18

The invention relates to the field of railway transport, electrified by DC system comprising traction substations (TS), converting a three-phase alternating current is derived from the power grid into direct current, flowing through a contact network for electric rolling both equipped with a recuperation system, and without it. Traction substation direct current from the superconducting inductive energy storage device includes a power transformer, rectifier, smoothing filter with the reactor block capacitors, superconducting inductive energy storage, cryotron four, six semiconductor-controlled keys, the control unit cryotrons and semiconductor switches, current and voltage sensors. The invention will partially or completely eliminate the unevenness of power in the system to maintain a predetermined level of power transformer substation during operation, reduce the loss of energy in the internal and external system power, reduce power units TA accept regenerative energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electric transport and can be used on the traction substations (TP) DC.

Known traction substation DC [1] containing a power transformer, rectifier, rectifier, inverter module (or absorbing devices), anti-aliasing filter to the reactor. substation This device has the following disadvantages:

- By inverting the recovery of excess energy in the primary network are significant energy losses;

- Created by inverting the high disturbing effect on the communication lines and radio equipment, as the rectifier-inverter converters operate in this mode with a comparatively large control angles;

- The quality of the inverting power does not correspond to guest;

- The application of absorbing devices, the excess energy is extinguished in the ballast resistors, which is a net loss of electricity.

Known traction substation DC battery storage [2]. This system includes a power transformer converters, the rectifier, the drive (lead battery) connected to the power supply node through a contact network controller constantly-DC.

The disadvantages of this traction substation should include:

- Drive construction comprises a large number of contact connections, which reduces the reliability of the device as a whole;

- Substantial energy loss during storage due to self-discharge the battery;

- The use of technically sophisticated controller constantly-DC.

The closest in its technical essence to the claimed invention is a traction substation with AC superconducting inductive energy storage device [3]. This traction substation provides power transformer, filter, the inverter AC-DC, consisting of four-quadrant controller, the intermediate circuit DC voltage absorbing circuit and the switching regulator DC superconducting inductive energy storage (SMES) connected to the busbar via the DC-DC converter in DC to DC link and a power transformer.

Said traction substation is not able to receive the excess energy recovery, has a complex structure with multiple bulky energy conversion in the power unit, which reduces the reliability of the circuit and cause a significant loss of energy converters.

The technical result is achieved due to the claimed device is:

- Reduction of energy losses in the internal and external power supply system and energy costs obtained from the power system for traction;

- Simplifying the structure of TP DC by eliminating inverter unit;

- Increasing the reliability of the TP back.

Reducing energy loss is achieved due to the fact that the spin yavlyaetsya energy battery that receives power from an external power supply system during the recession of the traction load and transmits it to the traction network with a significant increase in her. This leveled power mode from the external system, resulting in reduced losses. Reducing energy costs obtained from the power system for traction, at the expense of reception SPIN energy recovery and then return it to the rod.

Simplification of TP DC provided an exception to its membership of the inverter unit, since these functions are transferred to the spinal invention.

Improving the reliability of the TP from the back is provided by simplifying circuit design and reducing the number of controls in the energy conversion chain.

The technical result is achieved in that the traction substation DC with superconducting inductive energy storage device coupled to the contact system and rails, comprising a power transformer, a rectifier, a smoothing filter reactor connected between the rails and the negative rail traction substation superconducting inductive storage unit conversion regulation and energy transfers between the superconducting inductive energy storage device, a rectifier and a contact system, current and voltage sensors, according to the invention additionally introduced cryotron four, six controllable semiconductor unit keys and capacitors. Wherein the conversion unit, and re-adjusting comprises cryotrons collected in a bridge circuit, in which one diagonal superconducting inductive storage enabled, and the other diagonal of the bridge consisting of the left and right side bridged third and sixth semiconductor switches. The right side of the bridge is connected to the anode of the third semiconductor switch, the cathode of the sixth semiconductor switch, negative terminal of the capacitor bank and the negative rail traction substation. To the left side of the bridge are connected the cathodes of the third and fifth semiconductor switches, and the anodes of the second and sixth semiconductor switches. To the anode of the first and fifth semiconductor switches connected cathodes of the second and fourth semiconductor switches and the positive terminal unit capacitor to the cathode of the first semiconductor switch and the anode of the fourth semiconductor switch is attached above zero tire traction substation. Thus all the control outputs cryotrons semiconductor switches and terminals connected to respective control unit, which is connected to the inputs of the current sensor output, connected between the negative rail and rail traction substations of the reactor circuit and output voltage sensor connected between the positive and negative rails traction substation. Moreover, long-term storage of energy all cryotrons closed and semiconductor switches are open. When a superconducting inductive energy storage device of the second and third cryotrons opens, closes the fourth semiconductor switch on the unit time charge the capacitors, and then opened the third and the fourth and fifth semiconductor switch is closed to block the discharge time of capacitors on the superconducting inductive storage. And the selection of energy - opened the first and fourth cryotrons, closes the second semiconductor switch to the block time charge capacitors, after which it opens and closes the first and sixth semiconductor switches in the capacitor bank discharge time on the contact network.

The invention is illustrated graphically in Figure 1 - 3.

DC traction substations CO superconducting inductive energy storage

1 shows the general scheme of the declared TP from the back, which shows the power transformer T, rectifier traction substation B, spin superconducting inductive energy storage, a smoothing filter consisting of capacitor C f and the reactor L p, block capacitors C K1 cryotrons ÷ K4, located in the cold zone, semiconductor driven keys PC1 ÷ SC6, the control unit CU, the current sensor system DT and DV voltage of electric part of the EPS, the contact network of the COP, the rail R.

Figure 2 shows a timing diagram illustrating the TA work when the power in the back of the EPS or from the rectifier. The first five-time diagrams show the state of the keys. The closed state of the keys indicated by the shaded area. The sixth, seventh and eighth timing charts show the change in current in the back (I spin) on the capacitor block (I s) and EPS (I EPS). The ninth, tenth and eleventh - voltage change in the back (U spin) on the capacitor unit (U c) and EPS (U EPS).

Figure 3 shows a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the power unit with the impact of the spins in the contact network. The sequence of images the same waveform as in Figure 2.

When driving the EPS of the traction current network consumed a certain amount corresponding to the selected operating mode. When the EPS recovery current flowing in the power train must be continuous and meet the highest required braking effect. It is necessary to provide a continuous supply of energy to the traction network, or receiving energy recovery therefrom. Direct connection to the traction network SPIN is a contradiction lies in the fact that it is impossible to smoothly control the spin flow of energy as it is the source of current. In this case, the traction current in the network will be significantly greater than the desired value, resulting in an emergency.

The inventive traction substation this contradiction resolved in the following way: the energy from back in DC traction network and comes back portions of the intermediate short-term storage in the capacitor block. Thus the current flowing in the power train will correspond to the EPS current mode operation. The very process of redistribution of energy between the spin, the traction unit and capacitor network is performed using semiconductor switches outside the cooling zone and cryotrons. Thus, the presence of the capacitor pack to make the process manageable. Power capacitors, receiving a portion of energy in the short-term storage, the order of milliseconds units, allows to translate into spin energy storage mode when it is closed on itself, and in this period, disconnect it from the traction network.

The device provides three modes of operation. The first mode - long-term energy storage. In this mode, the COP is powered by a transformer T and the rectifier B, and the stored energy is stored in the back by circulating it current without losses. The second mode - the accumulation of energy in the back of the EPS or TA. In this mode, SPIN takes energy from the EPS or recovered from the TP load during the recession. The third mode - the energy efficiency of the spin in the contact network. This mode reduces the transmitting power from the external power supply system on the TP in the period of peak power at COP, due to the energy transfer from the spin to the Constitutional Court, ie, by parallel operation of transformer substations and spin at COP.

The first mode - long-term energy storage in the back, and an independent work of TP on the contact network.

Cryotrons K1, K2, K3, K4 - closed, semiconductor driven keys SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, SC5, SC6 - open. This spin is separated from the traction network, closed on itself and is in the long-term energy storage mode without loss in a superconducting circuit.

The second mode - the accumulation of energy in the back of the EPS in recovery mode or from TP.

Initial state cryotrons and semiconductor switches - their position for the long-term energy storage mode (first mode). When the current recovery or the need to maintain a given level of energy TS, the signal control unit CU closes key PC4 and energy on the way EPS - F - PC4 - C (in the case of recovery) or the chain T - V - F PC4 - C ( in the case of energy supply in the back of the TA) enters the unit capacitor C. After the completion of the charge cycle C, opens PC4. Then SC5 closes, then opens for the duration of the second mode cryotrons K2 and K3, whereby the energy stored in the capacitor C block comes in the back on the way C - SC5 - spins K1 - K4 - C. After discharge the capacitor pack up value close to zero, the control unit CU outputs the signal to the circuit SC3, SC5 opening and closing PC4. This will provide a series of re-charge the capacitor bank on a path previously described. Then at a signal BU opens SC4, SC5 closes and opens PKZ. From this point there is a discharge process C on the back on the previously described way. Then the cycle repeats.

The third mode - the energy efficiency of the spin in the contact network. The initial state of the keys - position for the long-term energy storage mode (first mode). If you want to maintain a given level of energy TS, the signal BU closes PC2 key opens all the time, the energy input to the traction network cryotrons K1 and K4. capacitor unit C is charged on a path: SPIN - K3 - PC2 C - K2 - SPIN. Then, after the charge C above the catenary voltage, closed SC6 and PC1, PC2 opens. The energy stored in the capacitor bank C, enters the Network for the chain C - PC1 - filter - KC - EPS. After the voltage equalization on the block capacitors Siv contact network, PC1 is opened, and the process of charging the capacitor pack on the cycle begins again as described earlier. After completion of the load balancing mode signal A from the sensor device switches to the first mode by closing all cryotrons K1, K2, K3, K4 and opening all other switches.

To eliminate the uneven power substations and metered energy extraction from SPIN this flow of energy can be controlled by changing the ratio of the time open and closed state of the semiconductor switches. The efficiency of this device is provided that the necessary elements exist and are commercially available for this device. Effective joint work of TP, EPS and spin across the entire load range provide frequency properties, voltage class and current loads of modern semiconductor devices, such as IGCT 5SHY 35L4502 (manufacturer ABB Semiconductors AG).

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Yu.M.Bey, PPMamoshin et al. Traction substation. / Textbook for railway colleges transport. M .: Transport, 1986 - 319 p.

2. The use of the battery storage on the mountain railway. The railways in the world. - 1998, №3, s.37-40.

3. Load balancing traction substations using battery power. The railways in the world. - 1997, №1, s.43-50.

CLAIM

Traction substation direct current from the superconducting inductive energy storage device connected to the catenary and rails, comprising a power transformer, rectifier, smoothing filter reactor connected between the rail and the negative rail traction substations, superconducting inductive storage unit conversion, power control and redistribution between the superconducting inductive drive, a rectifier and a contact system, current and voltage sensors, characterized in that it additionally introduced four cryotron six semiconductor driven keys and a block of capacitors, wherein the conversion unit, regulation and energy redistribution includes cryotrons collected in a bridge circuit, in one diagonal which included a superconducting inductive drive, and the other diagonal of the bridge, consisting of the left and right sides bridged the third and sixth semiconductor switches, the right side of the bridge is connected to the anode of the third semiconductor switch, the cathode of the sixth semiconductor switch, negative terminal of the capacitor bank and the negative rail traction substation to the left side of the bridge are connected the cathodes of the third and fifth semiconductor switches, and the anodes of the second and sixth semiconductor switches, to the anodes of the first and fifth semiconductor switches connected cathodes of the second and fourth semiconductor switches and the positive terminal unit capacitor to the cathode of the first semiconductor switch and the anode of the fourth semiconductor switch attached pljusovaja tire traction substation, wherein control terminals of semiconductor switches and cryotrons connected to respective terminals of the control unit, to the inputs of which are connected a current sensor output is connected between the negative rail traction substation and rails in the reactor circuit and the voltage sensor output is connected between the positive and minus the tires traction substation, and long-term storage of energy all cryotrons closed and semiconductor switches are open, and you receive energy in the superconducting inductive drive the second and third cryotrons opens, closes the fourth semiconductor switch on the charge block capacitors, and then opened the third and fourth, and closes the fifth semiconductor switch to block the discharge time of capacitors on the superconducting inductive storage, and at an energy selection opens the first and fourth cryotrons, closes the second semiconductor switch to the block time charge capacitors, after which it opens and closes the first and sixth semiconductor switches at the time of the capacitor bank discharge on the contact network.

print version
Publication date 18.02.2007gg