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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2262778
METHOD FOR OPERATING ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR AND DEVICE
FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Name of the inventor: Cheliabinsk VF (RU)
The name of the patentee: Open Joint Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation" Energia ". SP Korolev" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow region, Korolev, st.. Lenin, 4a, OAO RSC "Energia". SP The Queen, Head of Intellectual Property Department, AG Sakoyanu
Starting date of the patent: 2003.05.29
The invention relates to DC power supplies, namely the system DC power supply operating on hydrogen and oxygen with alkaline or acidic electrolytes. According to the invention, in the method of operation of the ECG, whereby through the fuel cell stack is pumped hydrogen and liquid electrolyte, and the air is purified from CO 2, is passed through the fuel cell stack and throw it into the environment, while stressing the electricity and reaction product water, which is discharged into the environment, the reaction product, the water dissolved in the liquid electrolyte by diluting the electrolyte to obtain a 15% concentration. Then heated electrolyte to the boiling point of water, and the air is passed through the fuel cell stack is cooled to ambient temperature, mixed with steam formed from the electrolyte heating and dropping the resulting steam-gas mixture in the environment, while increasing the electrolyte concentration to 35 %. According to the invention an apparatus for implementing this method of electrochemical generator operation comprises a load with the registrar of the parameters of the electrochemical generator, a fuel cell stack with air pumping system, including fan, air filter from the CO 2 and the air outlet nozzle of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen pumping system , a closed loop pumping electrolyte comprising a reservoir for electrolyte with a gas and fluid cavities and the pump, the air flow cooler, air flow control valve and pipe gas mixture reset and input valve air flow control is connected to the connection air exhaust from the fuel cell stack, one The valve outlet connected to the inlet air flow cooler, and the other is connected to the backbone reset vapor mixture, cooling air outlet is connected with a gas cavity of the electrolyte reservoir. The technical result of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and increase operational reliability.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to DC power supplies, namely the system DC power supply operating on hydrogen and oxygen with alkaline or acidic electrolytes.
A method is known electrochemical generator operation (ECG), wherein simultaneously pumped through the fuel cell stack (BTE), oxygen, hydrogen and liquid electrolyte, and the gas components and reaction product water are periodically dumped into the environment [1]. A device for implementing this method [1], containing FCS, storage, pumping and feeding hydrogen and oxygen pumping system electrolyte and hydrogen purge pipe, oxygen and water discharge.
The disadvantage of the method of operation analog ECG and device for its realization is the increased risk of explosion associated with a high probability of mixing hydrogen and oxygen in the environment and then as a result of fire or explosion.
The closest in its essence is the method of operating the ECG adopted as the prototype [2], in which through the fuel cell stack is pumped hydrogen and liquid electrolyte, and the air is purified from CO 2, is passed through the fuel cell stack and throw it into the environment, highlighting wherein electricity and reaction product water which is discharged into the environment.
The device for the implementation of this type of ECG, taken as a prototype [2], includes: BTE air pumping system comprising a fan, an air filter from the CO 2 and the air outlet fitting of BTE, hydrogen pumping system, a closed electrolyte pumping circuit comprising a reservoir electrolyte with gas and liquid and a pump cavities.
In this method and apparatus, it is realized to improve safety of operation air is used, the amount of which may be chosen when pumping, which eliminates the fire and explosion hazard situation.
The disadvantage of the prototype ECG operation method and apparatus implementing it are large amounts of energy for this process. This is due to the fact that, first, the reaction product, the water is first evaporated, then condensed, and then continuously discharged into a fluid in the environment, which requires considerable energy increase. Secondly, as you know, ECG load (power consumption) during operation is a variable. Therefore, the consumption of hydrogen and oxygen in the air during operation and must be variable, that is dependent on the load. Therefore, the air blowing and will depend on the load. The prototype of the air supplied at a constant rate in all modes of operation, providing maximum operation. This increases power consumption for all other modes.
An apparatus for carrying out this method is a complicated operation, which significantly reduces the reliability.
Thus, the goal of the new technical solution is to provide a method of operating an ECG and device for its implementation, which would be at significantly reduced energy consumption for operation of the ECG and to the simplification of its construction. This will extend the life and reduce the cost and increase the reliability of the ECG.
The problem is solved set of all existing signs.
In the proposed method of operation of ECG, in which through the fuel cell stack is pumped hydrogen and liquid electrolyte, and the air is purified from CO 2, is passed through the fuel cell stack and throw it into the environment, while stressing the electricity and reaction product - water, water mixed a liquid electrolyte by diluting the electrolyte to obtain a 15% concentration. Then heated electrolyte to the boiling point of water and air is passed through the fuel cell stack is cooled to ambient temperature, mixed with steam formed from the electrolyte heating, and discharge the resulting gas-vapor mixture to the environment, while increasing the electrolyte concentration to 35%.
As a result, on the one hand, as a result of heating of the electrolyte occurs the evaporation of water, on the other hand, as a result of receipt of a flow of cold air condenses the water vapor, that is the separation of water vapor from the alkali. Thus, the vapor mixture is reset, and the alkali substantially remain in the electrolyte. In the reset period steam-gas air mixture is passed with a maximum flow rate, and during the discharge of the product - water flow rate is carried out in direct proportion to the power released by the electrochemical generator of electric current consumers.
A device for carrying out the method of electrochemical generator operation comprises a load with the registrar of the parameters of the electrochemical generator, a fuel cell stack with air pumping system comprising a fan, an air filter from the CO 2 and the air outlet nozzle of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen pumping system, closed electrolyte pumping circuit comprising a reservoir for electrolyte with a gas and fluid cavities and the pump, the air flow cooler, air flow control valve and pipe gas mixture reset and input valve air flow control is connected to the connection air exhaust from the fuel cell stack, one output of a valve connected to the inlet air flow cooler, and the other is connected with a gas cavity of the electrolyte reservoir and the gas-vapor mixture reset line connected to the gas chamber for the electrolyte reservoir, the electrolyte reservoir provided with a heater, a temperature sensor and a level sensor with an electrolyte level readings in height, which are connected to cable network parameters with the registrar of the electrochemical generator.
Fan of this device is equipped with a variable speed drive unit with automatic variable speed drive, and the power of electric blower current is carried by electrochemical generator unit through the bus controlled drive automation and control work carried out by the controlled drive signals registrar electrochemical generator operating parameters.
The drawing shows a diagram of the device, where:
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The method of operation is implemented as follows:
During operation of the ECG, when the electrochemical generator buses 18 connected load 3 (engine, pumps, fans, heaters, etc., that is the electric current consumers), hydrogen from hydrogen pumping system 1 and the air supplied through the fan filter 5 cleaning air from CO 2 6 2 enters the FCS, and the liquid electrolyte is pumped through a pump 12 and two BTE electrolyte reservoir 8 in a closed circuit, a chemical reaction of hydrogen with oxygen compound to form a reaction product, and electricity, water. Fan 5, equipped with a variable speed drive, powered by a tire ECG through the block controlled drive automation 4, with automatic block VFD input connected to the recorder operating parameters of the ECG 16, with the height "tolerable upper level" level sensor readings of 11, corresponding to 15% of the electrolyte concentration and "lower allowable level", corresponding to 35% of the electrolyte concentration.
Liquid electrolyte in this case is, for example, a solution of potassium hydroxide in distilled water.
In the operation of the ECG according to the power allocated to BTE, varies air flow fan 5. pumped water formed by the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen compound, an electrolyte solution is absorbed and enters the electrolytic tank 8. As a result, the electrolyte level varies, which is fixed electrolyte level sensor 11, the temperature of the electrolyte is measured by temperature sensor 17.
The air exiting the BTE 2 by fitting the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 7 is fed in line reset reaction product together with the air 15 through the air flow control valve 14 as long as the electrolyte reservoir 8 is filled up to the level sensor readings 11 "upper working level.
When filling the electrolyte tank 8 measured the electrolyte level sensor 11 up to the "upper working level" signal is supplied to the recorder operating parameters of the ECG 16. As a result, the air flow control valve 14 is switched so that the air leaving the BTE 2 enters the electrolyte reservoir gas space 9, while being cooled to ambient temperature in a cooler air flow 13. at this point the measured temperature of the electrolyte reservoir 8 to 17 and a temperature sensor, if the electrolyte temperature is below the boiling temperature, the heater is controlled automatic unit 10. 4 to drive the pump signal includes a maximum flow rate and vapor-gas mixture from the gas chamber of the electrolyte reservoir 9 is released into the environment.
As a result, the following takes place: on the one hand, by heating the evaporation of water takes place, and on the other hand, as a result of receipt of a flow of cold air condenses the water vapor in alkali, that is the separation of water vapor from the alkali. Thus, resetting occurs product gas mixture, and the alkali substantially remain in the electrolyte. This is due to the fact that the specific heat and thermal conductivity of less alkaline water heat and thermal conductivity. Therefore, an alkali is cooled much faster than water.
Reset the gas-vapor mixture continues for as long as the level sensor 11 does not emit a signal "lower allowable level" in the recorder operating parameters ECG 16. At this signal the command is issued to switch the valve air flow control 14 to its original position, the heater is turned off and the fan power 5 equipped with a variable speed drive, carried out in direct proportion to the energy released.
The proposed method for electrochemical generator operation can significantly reduce the cost of electricity for its own needs, it simplifies the design of an electrochemical generator. This will extend the service life, reduce the cost and increase the reliability of the electrochemical generator.
Thus, we solve the problem of creating such a method of operation of ECG and device for its implementation, in which the significantly reduced energy costs for operation of the ECG through more economic method of pumping air, simplified design due to lack of heat exchangers, steam turning into liquid. This will extend the life and reduce the cost and increase the reliability of the ECG.
Information sources used
- Korovin NV "Electrochemical generators." "Energy". Moscow, str106-109.
- Korovin NV "Electrochemical generators." "Energy". Moscow, str109-113.
CLAIM
- Method electrochemical generator operation, wherein after the fuel cell stack is pumped hydrogen and liquid electrolyte, and the air is purified from CO 2, is passed through the fuel cell stack and throw it into the environment, while stressing the electricity and reaction product - water, wherein the reaction product - water is mixed in a liquid electrolyte, diluting the electrolyte to obtain a 15% concentration, then heated electrolyte to the boiling point of water, and the air is passed through the fuel cell stack is cooled to ambient temperature, and then mixing it with the steam, the formed as a result of electrolyte heating and dumped the resulting steam-gas mixture to the environment, while increasing the electrolyte concentration to 35%, while in the reset period steam-gas air mixture is passed with a maximum flow rate, and during the discharge of the product - water - air flow is carried out in direct proportion power allocated to consumers electrochemical generator of electric current.
- The device for implementing the method of electrochemical generator operation, comprising a unit load with the registrar of the parameters of the electrochemical generator, a fuel cell stack with air pumping system, including fan, air filter from the CO 2 and the air outlet nozzle of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen pumping system circuit electrolyte pumping, comprising a reservoir for electrolyte with a gas and fluid cavities and the pump, characterized in that it entered the air flow cooler, air flow control valve and pipe gas mixture reset and input valve air flow control is connected to the air outlet nipple of the battery fuel cells, one output of the valve connected to the inlet air flow cooler, and the other - is connected to the backbone reset reaction product together with the air cooler of air outlet is connected with a gas cavity of the electrolyte reservoir and line reset reaction product with air is connected to the tank of the gas cavity electrolyte, the electrolyte reservoir is equipped with a heater, temperature sensor and level sensor with electrolyte level height readings, which are connected to the cable network with the registrar of the parameters of the electrochemical generator.
- The device according to claim 2, wherein the fan is equipped with a variable speed drive with adjustable drive automation unit while powered by the electrochemical generator bus fan electric current through the controlled drive unit automation and job management VFD by signals registrar electrochemical generator operating parameters .
print version
Publication date 23.11.2006gg
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