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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2136072
SOURCE OF ENERGY ROMANENKO G.I.
The name of the inventor: Romanenko GI
The name of the patentee: OOO "Filter"
Address for correspondence: 103482, Moscow, Plant JSC "Angstrem", LLC MVP "Filter"
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.10.22
The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as an electric field generator, a capacitor or an electric energy storage device. The technical result of the invention is an increase in specific characteristics: the amount of energy released in the discharge per unit mass and per unit volume. According to the invention, the energy source comprises an ionomer membrane and electrodes. The membrane is used air-dry and in another ionic form, in which the counterions are particles with a half-integral nuclear spin with an atomic weight greater than that of H + , for example, Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , as well as Zn ++ ; The density of fixed charges in the membrane is 0.6-1.5 mg · eq / g, and the degree of saturation of ionic groups with identical particles at the same density of fixed charges is 0.5-36 hours, while the electrodes are made of materials with different electrode potentials , For example, Ni-Al, Cu-Al.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrical engineering and traction power engineering and can be used as an electric field generator, a capacitor or an electric energy storage device.
A source of electrical energy is known - a supercapacitor, where the polarizable medium is a material containing an aziotropic low molecular weight substance, and the electrodes are made of stainless steel. The maximum value of the permittivity is 5.8 · 10 6 , at a temperature of 107 ° C, which is not enough and inconvenient for operation (see US Pat. No. 5038249 cells 361-311, 1992).
A source of electrical energy is known-an electrochemical capacitor containing an ionomeric perforated sulfokationite membrane in hydrogen form, and electrodes in the form of particles of platinum group metal oxides and current collectors made of valve metals (see US Patent No. 5,136,474, cl. 361-502, 1992). .).
This device has the following specific characteristics: the energy given in the discharge per unit mass Wm = 2.0 J / g, and per unit volume Wv = 5.0 J / cm 3 , which is not enough. The disadvantage of the device is the complexity of its design.
It is an object of the present invention to increase these specific characteristics and simplify the design of the device.
This is achieved by the fact that in an energy source containing an ionomer membrane and electrodes, the membrane is air-dry and in another ionic form, namely: counterions are particles with a half-integral nuclear spin with an atomic weight greater than that of H + , for example, Na + , K + , Rb + ,. Cs + , a and Zn ++ , the density of fixed charges in the membrane is 0.5-1.5 mg, eq / g, and the degree of saturation of ionic groups with identical particles at the same density of fixed charges was 0.5-36 hours, While the electrodes are made of materials with different electrode potentials, for example, Ni-Al, Cu-Al.
In this embodiment, the energy source has Wm = 6.0 J / g, and Wv = 11.4 J / cm 3 .
We have established that the value of the permittivity (DP) of a membrane in an air-dry state depends on the density of fixed charges and the ionic form.
Experiments were carried out on domestic industrial membranes MK-100 and films from sulfonated polytrifluorostyrene. Membranes MK-100 had a density of fixed charges of 0.6-0.8 and 1-1.5 mg.eq / g.
When the density of fixed charges in the membranes in the H + -form varied from 0.6-0.8 to 1-1.5 mg.eq / g, the value of the DP increased by 4-5 orders of magnitude and reached a value of 10 7 -10 8 at laboratory temperature 20 ° C. When using a membrane in Na + form, the DP reached the same value at a lower density of fixed charges. The maximum value of the DP was recorded on the ionomer polymer MF-4SK at a density of fixed charges of 0.93 mg.eq / g and was 10 9 . The polarization of the counterion ionogenic group was observed on the anyanite membrane.
The choice of the ionic form of the material of the proposed membrane is due to the fact that when using other forms of ionomer membranes, where the counterion is nuclei lighter than Na + , for example, H + , the dielectric constant at the same density of fixed charges is less, the amount of energy released in the discharge is less, Discharge is faster and the device is charged to a lower value of the potential difference.
The parameters are stable if the membrane is in an air-dry state. This is due to the fact that with higher humidity, the parameters fall, so when the membrane swells, the distance between the fixed charges increases and the interactions between counterions decrease. In the fully dried membrane, the parameters also fall, so the amount of water must be such that, acting as an intermediate medium accompanying the basic process of polarization, the water molecules entering the space between adjacent ionogenic groups would remove the influence of transverse electric fields that inhibit the polarization of counter ionic Groups. To do this, each group must have a certain number of water molecules.
The density of fixed charges is more than 1.5 mg.eq./g, a high degree of saturation with identical particles of ionogenic groups at a given density of fixed charges (more than 36 hours) or a decrease in the water content in the membrane leads to a decrease or disappearance of the repulsive forces between ions due to non- For the appearance in this case of an antiparallel orientation of the nuclear spins of counterions in the case of spin 1/2 or the occurrence of an angular distribution of ionic groups in the case of spins of higher orders.
If the density of fixed charges is less than 0.6 mg.eq./g and the degree of saturation of ionic groups is less than 0.5 hours, the distance between counterions will increase to such an extent that the forces of interaction between them will disappear.
By choosing the materials of the electrodes, which differ in the values of the electrode potentials, the value of the spontaneous polarization of the membrane is increased or the polarization of the initial membrane is simply excited.
The invention is explained in the drawing, which shows the structure of the proposed power source.
The proposed energy source contains an ionomer membrane 1, for example, a perforated sulphocathionite type MF-4SC, with the structural formula
Where SO 3 is an ionic group, Na + is a counterion. The density of fixed charges in the membrane is 0.93 mg.eq / g. The membrane is air-dry.
Initially, the membrane is wet: in an electrolyte solution, for example, alkali, NaOH, and then washed to a neutral pH in deionized water. After that, the membrane is dried in air in a box at laboratory temperature until its constant weight is obtained.
The membrane directly contacts the metal electrodes 2 and 3 from dissimilar materials with the greatest possible difference in electrode potentials, for example Ni-Al or Cu-Al, the electrodes can be applied to the membrane surface in various ways, for example, mechanical contact, by vacuum methods, including thermal Evaporation, ion sputtering, or chemical precipitation.
The membrane may itself be formed on the surface of the electrodes, for example by applying a polymer solution to the surface of one of the electrodes, followed by evaporation of the solvent and applying a second electrode to the second surface of the membrane. In addition, the membrane can be formed on the electrode by depositing an ionomer polymer from the gas phase or synthesizing an ionomer polymer on the electrode surface.
The principle of the device is as follows: interaction occurs through the Pauli principle of counterions, which are identical particles with half-integral nuclear spin-fermions, for example, Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + or Zn ++ . This interaction is repulsive forces, the magnitude of which depends on the distance between neighboring fermions and their nuclear mass. Forces increase with decreasing distance and increase in the mass of the nucleus and can reach 100 eV / atom. The presence of repulsive forces leads to the appearance of an intrinsic dipole moment of the counter ion-ionic group, spontaneous polarization, and high degrees of polarizability of the ionogenic membrane. In this case, a mechanical displacement of the counterion occurs with respect to the rigidly fixed ionogenic group and the formation of dipole moments with a large distance between the charges. This displacement, and ultimately leads to the appearance of a potential difference at the electrodes 2 and 3.
The displacement of the counterion with respect to the ionogenic group causes a potential difference at the electrodes, and the presence of an electric field leads to an even greater mechanical displacement of the pro-ions relative to the ionogenic group as a result of its easy polarizability. These two processes interact with each other so that a kind of positive feedback is established between them: one process reinforces the other: the displacement of the counterion causes the formation of an electric field on the electrodes, and the electric field leads to an even greater magnitude of the mechanical displacement of the counterion in comparison with that observed With spontaneous polarization. The electric energy generated as a result of this process is sufficient to maintain the process itself and to bring it out to the external circuit.
Thus, the advantages of the proposed energy source are: the possibility of a significant and progressive increase in specific energy, the simplicity of the design of the device and its manufacture, and the absence of rare and expensive components used in the prototype capacitor as a prerequisite for its operation.
CLAIM
A source of energy containing an ionomer membrane and electrodes, characterized in that the membrane is used in an air-dry state and in an ionic form in which the counterions are particles with a half-integral spin and larger than the H + nuclei with an atomic weight of, for example, Na + , K + , Rb ++ , Cs + , Zn ++ , the density of fixed charges in the membrane is 0.6 - 1.5 mg · eV, and the degree of saturation of ionic groups with identical particles with the same density of fixed charges is 0.5 - 36 hours , While the electrodes are made of materials with different electrode potentials, for example Ni-Al, Cu-Al.
print version
Date of publication 31.10.2006гг
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