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NON-TRADITIONAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC ENERGY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2165671

PARAMETRIC SYNCHROTRON CONVERTER

PARAMETRIC SYNCHROTRON CONVERTER

The name of the inventor: Titov Alexander; Lyapin Gennady Sergeevich
The name of the patent holder: Titov Alexander; Lyapin Gennady Sergeevich
Address for correspondence: 109652, Moscow, ul. Podolskaya, 9, Apt. 97, Titov AA
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.07.28

The device relates to a plasma technique designed to accumulate energy in a plasma medium with subsequent discharge and use. The converter contains a camera, two infrared emitters directed towards each other by their radiating surfaces, in the center of which there are X-ray emitters, gas nozzles located around the infrared radiators along their perimeter, power take-offs and the microwave electromagnetic field generator, which is connected to the horns of a multi-antenna antenna located around X-ray emitters. The invention makes it possible to create small compact power plants with a large capacity of energy storage, and due to the formation of magnetic toroidal formations around the pinch in which magnetization and dielectric polarization fluctuations occur that create conditions for the reflection of particle flows inside the ball pinch, they are safe to operate as an energy installation, Both as a vehicle and as a vehicle.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a plasma technique intended for the accumulation of energy in a plasma medium, followed by its withdrawal and use.

Various devices are known for accumulation and generation of energy (as in 1736016-5, H 05 H 7/04 "Device for the accumulation of electromagnetic energy and generation of pulsed currents", as 1094569, H 05 H 7/18 " High-frequency torch plasmatron for heating a dispersed material ", pp. 1112998, H 05 B 7/18" Energy generation method ").

At present, experimental samples of MHD generators on a partially ionized plasma with additives are used, in which the process-phenomenon of ionization turbulence of low-temperature plasma is taken into account (see the discovery of N 260 from 22.07.1982)

The device "Spheromak" is known, in which the idea to artificially create a toroidal configuration of a plasma with a self-consistent azimuthal field capable of forming and retaining a plasma due to the formation of magnetic fields by the currents of the plasma itself is realized (Nature, No. 1, 1981, pp. 113-114). From Tokamak to the spheromak ").

A device is known (PCT F 191/00166 dated May 28, 1991, H 05 H 1/00, 1/02, 1/24: WO 92/22189 dt. 10.12.92 "Method of generating and operating a spherical plasma and the like in a chamber "). This gas-discharge chamber has the following drawbacks: the mechanism for gas injection requires energy; Complexity of equipment; The use of a laser beam is a large expenditure of energy with low efficiency; The creation of magnetic fields requires the presence of magnetic coils outside the camera - this is an expensive and energetically complex device.

The known device "Plasma ionization turbulent accumulator" (patent RU 2110137 C1, H 02 N 3/00, H 05 H 1/02) is essentially a breather unit, see "Solitons in action" / 1 /.

The device consists of a chamber for gas or liquid, at the ends of which are mounted infrared radiators operating in the thermal dissociation mode of the medium directed by the radiating surfaces towards each other. Radiators are equipped with heating elements. At the center of the infrared radiators are placed X-ray emitters providing sharp radiation along the axis for ionization of the medium. In the center of the chamber, current collector coils are mounted along the axis, connected in series and connected by conductors, drawn through the side wall of the chamber, to the terminals of the current collector.

The complex emitter of this device determines in any medium at normal or elevated pressure its ionization and the formation of a shock wave due to a self-contracting temperature field, and due to dimensional anisotropy, with increasing thermal diffusivity, determines topological stability in the form of induction currents of the ionic component of the conical configuration and coordinated with The azimuthal field of the toroidal configuration formed by the currents of the plasma itself. Such topological stability has the following properties:

- determines the oscillating dipole,

- has the saturation effect of inhomogeneities, i.e. Defines a dynamic process: a saturated heterogeneity captures a new incoming soliton, but at the same time releases the captured soliton.

Under the influence of an infrared radiator operating in the range of thermal dissociation of the medium and X-ray radiation, ionization of the working medium is provided.

Due to the action of X-ray radiation, an increase in the detachment of electrons by the type of electron motion in the Veksler microtron is provided, which form magnetic toroidal fields at a distance from the radiators in the center of the device, providing ionization turbulence according to the discovery of N 260. When density fluctuations in the medium pass through magnetic Toroidal rings formed in the medium, they create current layers that provide heating of the gas to the plasma state and its contraction according to the discovery of N 55, forming a spherical pinch in the center of the installation between magnetic toroidal fields.

This installation uses in its work those positive directions that are separately used in the aforementioned analogs:

- retention and heating of the plasma ball pinch by an increasing magnetic field,

- the momentum increment of the energy of the plasma sphere,

- permanent removal of electromagnetic energy for industrial use in any given gamma of electromagnetic radiation.

In addition, it has a number of its own advantages:

- low cost of installation,

- due to the presence of fluctuations in the magnetization and dielectric polarization in magnetic toroidal rings, neutron and other particles are reflected into the ball pinch, that is, the safety of the installation;

- regulation of the formation of a spherical pinch.

The disadvantage of this device is that under the influence of only two factors of thermal and axial X-ray radiation, insufficient power of formation of the ball pinch is provided, which leads to the need to increase the dimensions of the installation, with increasing the power of the ball pinch, and this requirement is determined by the saturation limit of the inhomogeneity. In addition, it is known that in the case of a first-order phase transition, the gain in the formation of a new phase with a smaller value of the phase (thermally more advantageous) when the nucleus is formed is proportional to its volume, and the loss is the surface area (the value of the energy surface).

In addition, due to a rapid change in the heat content of the medium during ionization, the surface of the infra-red radiator can be destroyed.

The aim of the invention is to increase the power storage capacity due to the formation of a powerful ball pinch, to increase the operating mode of the device by increasing the service life of the infrared emitter and simultaneously increasing the range of energy removal in the magnetic discrete fields and pandemotor forces (i.e., in mechanical fields mode The adjustment of the saturation inhomogeneity due to the formation of ion-acoustic waves, see / 1 /).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device contains gas nozzles located around their infrared radiators along their perimeter and an electromagnetic oscillator that is connected to the horns built into the hemispheres of infrared emitters. By surpassing the working medium from the center of the chamber to the nozzle, blowing out the infrared emitter, we increase the amplitude of fluctuations in the working medium, at the same time the rate of electron displacement to the center of the chamber increases, and their interaction with electromagnetic radiation increases the amplitude of ion-acoustic waves in the medium and the pinch density increases, This saturation effect of the inhomogeneity increases the regime of discreteness of energy release, the pulse increases in amplitude of ion-acoustic waves.

Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of the invention "Novelty."

Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this field of technology, made it impossible to identify in them the features that differentiate the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows one to conclude that the criterion "essential differences" is consistent.

The essence of the invention is set forth in the drawings, wherein:

PARAMETRIC SYNCHROTRONIC TRANSFORMER

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a parametric synchrotron converter;

FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the radiator of a parametric synchrotron transducer / cut along the diametrical plane /,

Where: 1 - the case of the chamber of the parametric synchrotron transducer, 2 - the infrared radiator, 3 - the X-ray emitter, 4 - the horns of the multiple-bearing antenna, 5 - the energy withdrawers 1, 6 - the gas lines, 7 - the gas pump, 8 - the generator of electromagnetic oscillations in the microwave range, 9 - waveguides, 10 - nozzles of gas ducts, 11 - thermoelectric spiral, 12 - radiating surface of infrared emitter.

The parametric synchrotron converter is a complex made on a single base and consisting of a camera 1 of a parametric synchrotron converter and auxiliary equipment / the use of a parametric synchrotron converter as a lifting device does not require a camera body.

In chamber 1, two infrared emitters 2 are mounted, in the central part of which are installed X-ray emitters 3 and horns 4 of a multi-antenna. Around the infrared radiators along their perimeter on the body of the chamber there are nozzles of 10 gas lines. 6. Gas supply to the nozzles is provided by gas pumps 7 connecting gas lines from the central part of the chamber to gas lines that feed gas into the nozzles. At equal distance from the central part of the chamber, there are energy separators inside the chamber. 5. The horns 4 of the multi-horn antenna are connected to the microwave oscillator 8 by waveguides 9. The auxiliary equipment includes devices providing the operation of the infrared emitter 2 and the X-ray radiator 3. FIG. 1. / In the drawings, accessories are not shown.

The design of the parametric synchrotron transducer consists of an emitting surface 12 of an infrared radiator heated by a thermoelectric spiral 11. The radiating surface 12 is made in a hemispherical shape. In the center of the infra-red radiator an X-ray emitter 3 is attached to the front side of the camera, and around it are the horns of the 4 multi-antenna antenna. The horns 4 are sectorial in shape. On the outer side of the body of the chamber 1 around the infrared radiator 2, nozzles 10 are formed along its perimeter, which are made in a sectorial form. The gas entering the nozzles 10 through the gas ducts 6 blows the convex surface 12 of the infrared radiator. FIG. 2.

The power of the auxiliary equipment and radiators is selected based on the selected working gas, starting from the modes of the thermal dissociation temperature of the gas. Device parameters are determined by the purpose of the device, that is where it will be applied. The electromagnetic oscillation generator 8 must operate in a millimeter microwave range. Pumps 7 must ensure a uniform supply of gas to all nozzles 10. The material of the radiating surface 12 of the infrared radiator or its construction must ensure the passage of X-ray and radio emission.

The operation of the parametric synchrotron converter is as follows.

Infrared hemispheres 12 of the radiator are heated by a helix 11 and begin to work in the mode of thermal dissociation of the medium to weaken and destroy the molecular bonds of the gas. Under the action of complex radiation from the infrared emitter 2 and the X-ray emitter 3, a thermal wave appears in the medium, then a shock wave providing shock ionization of the gas. The shock wave provides the displacement of the particles of the gaseous medium from the complex emitter to the axis and the center of chamber 1 due to the inhomogeneity of the ionization of the medium. Ions, compressed to the axis, fall under the action of X-rays, they cool down, dropping electrons. There is a process of ionization of the gaseous medium, separating the low-temperature plasma into an ionic and electron composition with ion compensation on the axis and electrons at the periphery from the camera body axis of the chamber 1. A shock wave of the plasma arises, which is determined by electrostatic oscillations, determining the conditions for self-focusing of the thermal radiation of the plasma As in a gas environment, three waves propagate at once under the influence of X-ray 3 and infrared 2 radiators, thermal, acoustic and electrostatic. Acoustic waves determine the occurrence of currents in the electronic component of the plasma composition. The propagation of a shock wave determines the formation of density fluctuations of both the electron and ionic components of the plasma. From the periphery, the current vortices of the electronic component of the plasma are formed on the axis of chamber 1 ("The phenomenon of ionization turbulence of low-temperature plasma," discovery No. 260 of July 22, 1982).

Due to density fluctuations in the ionic component, induction currents are formed. Induction currents, as it were, are screwed onto the axis, narrowing from the infrared radiator 2. The induction currents of the electronic component determine the formation of spheroidal fields of the toroidal configuration. Induction currents of the ionic component determine the formation of fields of a conical configuration. The occurrence of induction currents of the ionic component determines the appearance of axial fields of magnetic induction, the lines of which have a direction along the axis, and the induction currents determine the surface of the cone. The formation of ionization turbulence determines the formation of waves with negative energy, increasing the amplitude of thermal radiation, shock waves, and electrostatic oscillations (the phenomenon of explosive instability).

The fast rearrangement of the magnetic field of the electronic component is determined by the processes of self-compression of the plasma discharge, and when the shock wave passes through the gas, the spin effect is maintained by the induction currents of the ionic component due to ambipolar diffusion of charged particles during explosive instability.

The device has two complex radiators directed by their radiating surfaces towards each other. The current ionization turbulence is defined in it not by spirals, but by closed induction turns of the induction currents of the ion component and closed induction currents of the electronic component, which form two axial fields of the conical configuration in the gas medium and two azimuthal fields of the toroidal shape. These azimuthal induction currents are represented in the plasma by "conductors" with current, which, if the currents have the same direction, are contracted, if different, then the conductors diverge. The motion of two induction currents of the ionic component has one direction, and they are pulled together to the center. The motion of the two induction currents of the electronic component also have one direction, and the currents in them are contracted. The fusion of the two toroidal configurations is excluded due to the fact that they have equal charges on the surface. At the contact area of ​​the toroidal configurations, the magnetic fields mutually cancel each other, forming an area where the motion of the induction currents changes its direction, providing conditions for controlling the drift of the induction current along the torus surface, compressing the torus at a high drift velocity. The gas discharge in the gas, which appears in the center on the axis of the cylinder 1, increases, and upon complete ionization of the medium, compressing toward the center, determines the spheroidal shape. The compression of the plasma and the effect of X-rays at the focusing point on it lead to an increase in the power of the natural oscillations and the generation of shock waves that drive the high-temperature plasma between the toroidal fields, forming a ball pinch. The battery is charged. Thus, we get a battery, which under certain conditions can produce energy in any range of electromagnetic radiation. High speed of development of instabilities makes it difficult to pick up from the device to the consumer. But these processes can be controlled by the coils of the energy collector 5 located on the axis of the chamber 1, since the electrical conductivity of the plasma near the axis is lower than in the torus, and the magnetic fields penetrate faster into the torus. When receiving DC, the coils must be connected in series and switched to the consumer. The induction current in one of the turns of the coil of the energy collector 5 (conditionally called in the first) will cause current in the other, and that, in turn, changing the number of magnetic induction lines together with the lines of force with the ionic component, will compress this torus by matching with the second one. The first torus will expand, increase the induction current in the first coil 5, the second compressible torus will further reduce the electrical conductivity of the plasma. Such swing will be carried out to the consumer's required voltage. When the current flows through the first EMF-self-induction coil, the current in it will increase sharply. In the second torus, due to sharp compression, the transverse component of the inductive drift current velocity in the toroidal configuration increases, and the rotation speed of the induction current on the conical surface of the second cone increases. The second torus will increase. The growth of the transverse component of the current in the first torus, but of a different direction with a sharp expansion of it, slows the rotation speed of the currents on the first cone and reverses the direction of rotation in the chamber, and multidirectional currents arise that divergent. The first torus shrinks. After the divergence of the tori, the growth of the second torus increases - the rotation of the current on the second cone slows down and the direction of rotation changes again, forming "conductors" with a current of the same direction - the tori are compressed. Such an oscillatory process is supported by the forces of magnetic elasticity arising in the induction currents of the conical shape, and by changing charges on the surface of the tori.

By changing the direction of rotation of the induction currents on the cone forms, the current increases. Due to the oscillations in the discharge mode, the plasma configuration - the spheroid - expands. This interaction of the coils of the energy collector 5 with spheroidal structures no longer requires the operation of a complex emitter, and the device operates in a discharge mode.

Thus, under the action of axial X-ray radiation, the phase transition of the second kind increases to a critical state, after which a first-order phase transition occurs, the density of the medium changes abruptly, forming a germ of a high-density medium in the form of a spherical pinch and magnetic toroids. The ball pinch receives additional heating due to the formation of current layers when it is pulsed in magnetic toroidal fields.

By activating the gas pump 7 and driving the working medium from the center of the chamber 1 through the gas lines 6 and blowing the infrared emitter 2 through the nozzles 10, we increase the amplitude of the fluctuations in the working medium, due to processes occurring in a dynamically moving medium, i.e. The moving flow of particles, the dispersion increases, and at the same time the rate of displacement of electrons toward the center of the chamber increases. It should be noted that the inflation of the infra-red radiator will protect it from a sharp change in the heat content. The interaction of the particles of the medium in the flow with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range increases the amplitude of ion-acoustic waves in the medium. It is known that the microwave radiation, passing through magnetic fields, deviates, ie, passing through the axial field of the conical configuration, is focused and, together with X-ray radiation, increases the momentum, driving the plasma between toroidal fields, increasing the density and power of the ball pinch. The additional heating due to the emitters from the generator 8 of electromagnetic oscillations increases the speed of the second-order phase transition to the critical one and decreases the dimensions of the thermal radiation focusing triangle, which leads to a decrease in the external parameters of the device, and in the first-order phase transition, microwave radiation provides additional heating of the ball pinch, Metastability.

By adjusting the power of the infrared emitter 2 and the X-ray emitter 3, it is possible to control mechanical oscillations in the ion-acoustic range from the ball pinch, which will allow the device to be used as a lift, replacing vehicles operating on the "air cushion" principle.

The use of the proposed invention will make it possible to create small compact power plants with a larger capacity of energy storage, and due to the formation of magnetic tori in which there are fluctuations in magnetization and dielectric polarization that create conditions for the reflection of particle flows into the ball pinch, they are safe to operate both the power plant and And as a vehicle.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Solitons in action. / Under the editorship of K.Lonren and E.Scott, translation from English under the editorship of Academician AVGaponov-Grekhov, ed. The World, 1981.

2. The phenomenon of ionization turbulence of low-temperature plasma. Opening of the N 260 from 22.07.82.

3. "Quantum" Magazine No. 4, 1977, L.Goldin's article "Accelerators", pp. 2-12.

4. Opening of the diploma N 55.

CLAIM

A parametric synchrotron converter including a camera, two infrared radiators placed therein directed by the convex radiating surfaces to each other, at the center of each of which there are X-ray emitters, and energy collectors installed inside the chamber at an equal distance from its central part, characterized in that in addition Contains gas nozzles connected to pumps and located around the infrared radiators along their perimeter, and an electromagnetic microwave oscillator coupled to the horns of a multi-antenna antenna located around the X-ray emitters.

print version
Date of publication 11.01.2007gg