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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2283879
METHOD OF LIQUID LEACHING
The name of the inventor: Rashkin Anatoly Vasilyevich (RU); Avdeev Pavel Borisovich (RU); Reznik Yuri Nikolaevich (RU); Shumilova Lydia Vladimirovna (RU); Yashkin Igor Alekseevich
The name of the patent holder: Chita State University (Chita State University)
Address for correspondence: 672039, Chita, ul. Aleksandro-Zavodskaya, 30, Chita State University, Research Department
Date of the beginning of the patent: 2004.11.15
The method of heap leaching of ores is intended for extraction of non-ferrous, rare, radioactive and noble metals by irrigation with leaching solutions of the ore stack. The method includes crushing ore, pelletizing the ore, piling the stack, irrigating the stack of ore with the leaching solution. And after crushing, the ore is divided into fractions, and the stacking of the stack is carried out by layers homogeneous by fractions with a decrease in the ore size from the lower layer to the upper layer. In addition, the stacking of the ore is carried out inclined from the center to the lateral surfaces of the stack with layers with layer separation by a perforated polymer film. When pouring the pile, the ores are oriented with the wide part to the south. Irrigation of the stack of ore with a leaching solution is carried out under a water-resistant transparent film, while an artificial heat insulator is placed on top of the film in winter. The technical result of the invention is to increase the leaching efficiency by increasing the rate of leaching as a result of reducing the negative colmatation effect in the stack of ore, and by increasing the temperature in the stack of ore and reducing pollutant emissions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the leaching of ores of non-ferrous, rare and radioactive metals and can be used in the mining industry, primarily in gold mining.
Known methods for heap leaching of ore are known, including ore preparation, formation of a stack of ore, irrigation of a stack of ore with a leaching solution, infiltration of the solution into a stack stack, dissolution of the metal, and drainage of the enriched solvent. As leaching solutions, water is used (for uranium ores containing pyrite), weak solutions of sulfuric acid, a solution of ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid, a soda solution, sodium cyanide, etc. (see Kalabin, AI, Mining by underground leaching - M : Atomizdat, 1969, P.95-319: Rysev VP, Sadykov R.X., Fazlullin MI Experience of heap leaching of gold // Mining Journal - 1994. - №12 - P.8-10 ).
A disadvantage of the known methods is the reduction in the rate of leaching and the completeness of metal extraction due to colmatization of the pore space at the bottom of the stack due to the segregation of pieces of ore and the suffusion (transfer) of small particles (clay, sludge) from the top of the stack to the bottom. At a low temperature of the outside air, the leaching rate decreases sharply and as a result of the increase in the viscosity of the leaching solutions.
The closest to the proposed method is the method for heap leaching of ores, including ore crushing, ore pelletizing (cement, lime, polymers, natural compounds such as humic acids, etc.), dumping of ore in the form of a trapezoidal stack, irrigation of the ore stack with a leaching solution (for gold-bearing ores - Cyanide, for example sodium cyanide with a concentration of 0.2 ... 0.4 g / l with a reflux density of 150 ... 170 l / (m 2 · day)), infiltration of the solution into the stack, dissolving the metal and draining the enriched solvent followed by Sorption to activated carbon or zinc shavings (see Dement'ev VE, Tatarinov AP, Gudkov SS The main aspects of heap leaching technology of gold-bearing raw materials // Mining Journal - 2001. - №5 - P.53- 55).
The disadvantage of this method is the low leaching efficiency due to the decrease in speed and completeness of the extraction due to sedimentation (chemical colmatation).
The technical result of the invention is an increase in leaching efficiency.
The result is achieved by the fact that in the method of heap leaching of ores, including ore crushing, pelleting of ore, piling of the stack, irrigation of the pile of ore with a leaching solution, after crushing, the ore is divided into fractions, and the stacking of the stack is carried out by fractions homogeneous by fractions with a decrease in ore size from the lower layer to Top with the slope of the layers from the center to the side surfaces with the separation of their perforated polymer film.
The result is also achieved by the fact that when pouring the pile the ores are oriented with the wide part to the south, and the irrigation is carried out under the water-impermeable translucent film, while in the winter period an artificial heat insulator is placed on top of the film.
Filling of the crushed fractionated ore into the stack with layers homogeneous by fractions with decreasing ore size from the lower layer to the upper one allows to increase the rate of leaching and the completeness of metal recovery due to the fact that the underlying layers of ore are not clotted with clay and fine slime particles coming from the upper layers during segregation into The time of backfilling and suffusion during irrigation, since they have larger pores in structure, creating the possibility of washing out clayey and fine sludge particles through the lateral surfaces of the ore stack. In addition, when the crushed ore is poured with inclined layers with the separation of layers by a perforated polymer film, the suffusion of clay and slime particles from the upper layers to the lower ones is almost completely eliminated, and the distribution of the leaching solution is uniformly distributed over all layers of the ore stack. The slope of the layers from the center to the lateral surfaces accelerates the outflow (washout) of clay and slime particles through the side surfaces of the blade. Filling the stack with a wide part to the south with ore irrigation with a solution under the water-resistant transparent film makes it possible to raise the temperature of the solution by absorbing the solar radiation penetrating the film, completely eliminating the energy expenditure for evaporation, and reducing energy costs for convective heat exchange with external air and for long-wave radiation of the surface Irrigated dump. In general, this increase in temperature depends on the time of year, day, the flux of solar radiation and climatic factors and ranges from 5 to 15 ° C.
Such an increase in the temperature of the solution makes it possible to considerably accelerate the dissolution and leaching of the metal from the ore, to substantially increase its recovery. In addition, losses of the leaching solution are eliminated by evaporation, as a result of which the reagent concentration in the ore and the leaching rate increase, and the pollution of the atmospheric air by toxic pairs of the leaching solution decreases.
Application in winter period over the film of an artificial thermal insulator allows to conduct year-round leaching, especially in areas with a harsh climate - Yakutia, Transbaikalia.
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FIG. 1 shows a pile of ore, a cut, FIG. 2 is a top view, where 1 is the bottom layer of the stack; FIG. 2 - the top layer of the stack; 3 - system of irrigation and supply of a stack of ore with a leaching solution; 4 - lateral surfaces of a stack of ore; 5 - collectors; 6 - inclined base of the stack; 7 - perforated polymer film; 8 - arc supports; 9 - water-impermeable translucent film; 10 - artificial heat insulator.
THE METHOD IS PROVIDED AS FOLLOWS:
When ore is prepared at a crushing and screening plant (DSU), the mined ore is crushed and divided into fractions - usually in classes (-5,0) mm, (+5) ... (-10) mm, (+10) ... ( -15) mm and (+15) ... (-20) mm. Filling of the crushed fractionated ore into the stack is carried out by layers, reducing the size of the ore from the lower layer to the upper layer, i.e. Fracture ore (+15) ... (-20) mm is poured into the bottom layer 1 of the stack, then ore of a smaller fraction (+10) ... (-15) mm, etc., is then poured into the upper layer. Up to the top layer 2, into which the finest fraction (-5,0) mm is poured.
When the ore is poured in this sequence, a part of the fine clay and slime particles penetrates from the fine-porous upper layers of the ore into the lower large-porous layers of the ore.
On the surface of the upper layer 2, an irrigation and feeding system 3 of the ore is placed in a leaching solution in the form of distribution pipelines and emitter feeders.
In irrigation with a leaching solution, clay and slime particles are washed from the upper layers to the lower ones and, under the action of dynamic pressure, are carried out through the side surfaces of the 4 stacks of ore, as a result of this, the ore is not colmatized in the stack, and its permeability to the leaching solution is increased, the metal leaching process is accelerated and increased The completeness of its extraction into the productive solution. The productive solution enters the collectors 5 and, after purification of it from the clay particles, by filtration is sent to the sorption apparatus for metal recovery.
When the ore is poured into the stack with inclined layers, the inclined base 6 of the stack of anti-filtration and drainage layers is first created by known methods in such a way that the base of the stack has angles of inclination of 5-8 ° from the center line to the outer side surface of the stack. Then, at the same angles, the lower layer of coarse ore is poured, onto which the perforated polymer film 7 is laid, over which a layer of ore of a smaller coarse fraction is poured, etc. Up to the upper layer.
The separation of the fractionated ore into inclined layers and the laying between the layers of the perforated polymer film prevents the clay and slurry particles from being taken out from the upper layers to the lower layers, provides their removal along the inclined layer to the side surface of the stack and at the same time creates good conditions for uniform percolation of the solution Into the underlying layers, as a result of which the leaching intensity of the metal and the completeness of its extraction into the production solution increases.
When the ore is poured into a pile, a large part of it is oriented to the south, and the narrow part to the north. Thus, above the irrigation and feeding system 3, an anti-impermeable translucent film 9 is mounted on the arc supports 8, and in the winter period an artificial heat insulator 10 is laid over the film.
The proposed method makes it possible to increase the efficiency by increasing the rate of leaching. When using the film, evaporation of the leach solution and air pollution by toxic pairs of the leaching solution are reduced, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the proposed method.
CLAIM
1. A method for heap leaching of ores, comprising crushing ore, pelletizing the ore, piling the stack, irrigating the stack of ore with a leaching solution, characterized in that after crushing, the ore is divided into fractions, and the stacking of the stack is carried out by fractions homogeneous in fractions with a reduction in ore size from the lower layer to Upper layer with slope of the layers from the center to the lateral surfaces of the stack with layers with layer separation by perforated geotextile material.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when pouring, the stack of ores is oriented with the wide part to the south.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the irrigation is carried out under a water-impermeable translucent film and in the winter period an artificial heat insulator is placed on top of the film.
print version
Date of publication 15.03.2007гг
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