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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2087697
METHOD AND DEVICE OF CYANISTOVAL LEACHING OF NOBLE METALS FROM ORES, CONCENTRATES, TECHNOGENIC AND MINERAL WASTES
The name of the inventor: Mamilov Vladimir Viktorovich; Korenevsky Alexander Dmitrievich
The name of the patent holder: Mamilov Vladimir Viktorovich; Korenevsky Alexander Dmitrievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.07.11
The invention relates to the leaching technique from ores, concentrates, man-caused and mineral wastes and can be used in the processing of non-ferrous, rare and other metals. A process for the cyanide leaching of precious metals involves loading ore, concentrates or waste and a leach solution into a chamber, draining the leach solution from the chamber into a container, pumping the pulp from one chamber to another, circulating to a predetermined level, mixing the solid and liquid pulp phases by feeding from the vessel to the bottom Part of the leach solution flow chamber, draining the latter from the chamber into the collection tank, aerating the leach solution. New is the fact that the pumping of pulp from the chambers is carried out by ejecting and dissolving air or oxygen in the pressure jet of the hydraulic elevator operating after the pulp was pumped in the pumping mode of the solution. The device comprises two or more hydraulically communicating with each other through circulation piping chambers with nozzles for loading and discharging material and piping for draining solutions and feeding the latter. New is that the ends of the circulation piping for communicating the chambers with each other are located inside the chambers in their upper part, while others have mixing chambers and are located in the lower part of the chambers, and the branch pipes for the supply of solutions are equipped with hydraulic elevator attachments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to leaching of metals from ores, concentrates, man-caused and mineral wastes and can be used in the processing of non-ferrous, rare and other metals.
Metal leaching methods based on the interaction of the solid, liquid and gas phases with their mixing are known, which is carried out by aerating a pulp containing a liquid leaching reagent [1,2,3]
The devices corresponding to these methods comprise an unpressurized chamber or an autoclave with loading unloading devices and a mechanism in the form of an airlift or mechanical stirrer for mixing and circulating a pulp containing ore particles and a liquid reagent.
The disadvantage of these methods and devices is the need for additional equipment in the form of compressors, dispersants, airlifts, mechanical mixers, and in the case of autoclaving, increased pressure and temperature. In addition, the rate of leaching is low, and varies from 20 to 30 hours depending on the leachate.
There is a known method for leaching metals from ores, concentrates and wastes, which is the closest in technical essence to the present invention and consisting in leaching in two sealed loading and exchange chambers [4]. The essence of this method and device is that mixing in the first hopper Is carried out by first filling it with a leach solution and then completely charging it with ore, concentrate, waste, with the displacement of the reagent solution from the chamber into the container containing the stock of this solution. Mixing of the solid and liquid phases of the pulp and reloading the pulp from the chamber to the chamber is effected by feeding into the pulp filled chamber from said container a pressure head downward or upward stream of the leaching reagent in the form of a wandering or swirling jet until the chamber is completely discharged from the leachate into an adjacent chamber which is pre-filled Solution of the leaching reagent, the displaced part of which, when loading the material coming from the previous chamber, is poured into a container with solutions.
Disadvantages of this method and device are the need to seal the camera, because Transportation of the material of their chamber to the chamber is carried out due to the excessive pressure created in the chamber filled with pulp, and most importantly, there is no aeration of the leaching solutions, which significantly reduces the efficiency of extraction of valuable components and increases the consumption of cyanides.
It is known that during leaching directly to the surface of a mineral particle (solid body), a layer of a leaching solution with a thickness of about 2 nm adjoins, which consists of oriented molecules and has a clearly defined boundary separating it from the next layer. This layer is called firmly bound, since its removal is possible only at high pressures and temperatures. A diffusion (loosely bound) layer with a thickness of about 8 nm is attached to the firmly bound layer of the leaching liquid. The outer boundary of this layer is blurred and gradually transforms into a free (gravitational) solution. The structural features of these layers determine the leaching kinetics of the useful component. Thus, at the solid-liquid interface, a solution is formed with the maximum concentration of the useful component.
The purpose of the invention is to create conditions that ensure an accelerated process of detachment of strong and loosely bound layers that are maximally saturated with a useful component, dissolving them in the total volume of the leaching liquid, and creating new layers in their place by contacting the mineral particle with a leaching solution saturated with a sufficient amount of oxygen ).
This is achieved by the fact that the accelerated process of separation of a double layer from a mineral particle (solid) maximally saturated with a useful component and its dissolution in the total volume of the leaching solution is carried out by a pressure jet of a hydroelevator (ejector) when pumping the pulp from one container to another, and the necessary aeration Oxygen is carried out by ejecting and dissolving air in the pressure jet of the hydroelevator operating in the idle mode, which, actively mixing the pulp in the second vessel, creates conditions for the contact of the mineral particle with CN - ions and dissolved oxygen molecules, which greatly accelerates the leaching process, Cyanide and increases the recovery of the useful component. The absence of rubbing, rotating parts, additional equipment in the form of compressors, dispersants, aeriallifts, mechanical mixers, pressure vessels and high leachate temperature make the proposed method and device reliable and safe to operate.
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In the drawing, a schematic diagram of the leaching plant is presented. The pulp with the ratio of G: T in the range from 1: 1 to 3: 1 and the necessary concentration of cyanides for a particular processed material comes from a pulp (not shown in the drawing) into the tank A, while the valves 4,5,7,8 and the valve 10 are closed, the valve 9 is open. After the solid material is deposited on the bottom of the chamber, the tap 4 opens and the leaching solution is gravity fed into the container of working solutions 12. The valve 4 is closed. With the pressure pump 11, depending on the properties of the material to be treated, from 2 to 5 atm, with an open tap 7, a hydrodynamic action is created through the nozzle of the hydroelevator 3, which is necessary to separate the double layer from the solid particle and deliver the leach material through the pulp feeder 6 to the tank B. Holes in the nozzle of the hydroelevate 13, and there may be one or several of them, facilitate the delivery of the fine-dispersed leachate material to the suction of the hydroelevator (ejector). After the tank A has been emptied of the leachable material, the hydroelevator continues to work for some time (depending on the properties of the treated material, from 0.3 to 3-4 seconds) in the idle mode, ejecting and dissolving the air in the pressure jet, which actively mixing the pulp in the tank B , Creates conditions for oxidation (formation of a double layer) of the valuable component. Additional apertures 13 at this stage contribute to better dissolution of air in the leach solution. |
After sedimentation of solid particles on the bottom of the tank "B", and this depending on the size of the material lasts from 20 seconds to 2 minutes, the tap 5 opens and the productive solution merges into the container 12. After that, the cycles are repeated to the given value of the recovery of the valuable component.
The leaching regimes, the concentration of cyanides, the pressure necessary for the hydrodynamic action on the material being treated, the time of aeration of the working solution, and the settling of the aerated pulp depend on the properties of the material being processed, its size, and the mineralogical composition.
After the leaching is completed, the valves 4,5,7, the valve 9 are closed, the latch 10 opens, and by the pump 11 all pulp from the container B and the container 12 is pumped to filtration.
The technical results of the proposed method and leaching device for noble metals increase the leaching rate compared to traditional methods (leaching in "pachuka", autoclaves, conical apparatus) by 5-6 times, exceeding the extraction of metals to 98-99% reduction in reagent (cyanide) In 3-4 times.
The proposed technical solution can be used to leach other non-ferrous metals in both acidic and alkaline environments.
CLAIM
1. A method of cyanide leaching of precious metals from ores, concentrates and waste, comprising loading ore, concentrates or waste and leach solution into the chamber, draining the leach solution from the chamber into the vessel, pumping the pulp from the chamber to the other, mixing the solid and liquid pulp phases by feeding from To the bottom of the leach solution flow chamber, draining the latter from the other chamber into the vessel, pumping the pulp from the other chamber to the first supply of the solution stream, aerating the leach solution, and circulating the pulp from one chamber to the predetermined metal extraction, characterized in that pumping the pulp From the chambers is carried out by a pressure jet of a hydroelevator and / or ejector, and aeration is performed by ejecting and dissolving air or oxygen in the pressure jet of the hydraulic elevator operating after the pulp is pumped out in the pumping mode of the leaching solution.
2. A cyanide leach apparatus comprising two or more hydraulically communicating chambers with circulating conduits for loading and discharging material, pipelines with solution delivery pipes communicated with the collection tank, and conduits for draining solutions from the chambers in A collection tank, characterized in that one end of the circulation piping for communicating the chambers to each other is located inside the chambers at their upper part, and the other ends have mixing chambers and are located in the lower part of the chambers, and the branch pipes for supplying the solution are equipped with hydraulic elevator attachments and located Coaxial to the mixing chambers beneath them.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that additional holes are made perpendicular to its outer conical surface to improve the delivery of the leachate to the suction of the hydroelevator, to improve mixing of the liquid and air phases and to dissolve the air in the solution in the hydraulic elevator nozzles.
print version
Date of publication 15.03.2007гг
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