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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2165993
SHIHTA FOR EXTRACTION OF NOBLE METALS WITH FUEL
The name of the inventor: Sidorenko Yuri Alexandrovich; Efimov Valeriy Nikolaevich; Moskalev Anatoly Vasilyevich; Yeltsin Sergey Ivanovich
The name of the patentee: Sidorenko Yuri Alexandrovich; Efimov Valeriy Nikolaevich; Moskalev Anatoly Vasilyevich; Yeltsin Sergey Ivanovich
Address for correspondence: 660025, г.Красноярск, ул. Vavilova, 31, apartment 41, Efimov V.N.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.02.04
The invention relates to the metallurgy of noble metals and can be used in the production of platinum group metals, gold and silver. The proposed charge contains calcium oxide or industrial products based on calcium oxide 5-15% by weight, recycled silicate slag of the production of platinum group metals of 30-60% by weight, dust-air or water-insoluble residues of dusty air - the rest. The charge makes it possible to reduce dust migration during melting, to obtain a brittle target alloy, to ensure the production of low-viscous and low-melting slags during melting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the metallurgy of noble metals (BM) and can be used in the production of platinum group metals (PGMs), gold and silver.
In the production of precious metals, various non-target products and wastes containing PGMs, silver, gold, in particular such as dust-air or water-insoluble residues of dust-air (NO Dust), and circulating and conditionally-slag slag are formed.
A characteristic feature of the dust-laden or n. Dusty airs is that their base is represented by a large number of different base elements and their compounds, mainly highly volatile (selenium, lead, bismuth, etc.), silver chloride, and black carbon, silica and other refractory oxides.
The basis of slags of PGM production is silicates of sodium, calcium, iron, magnesium and other base metals. Revolving slag contains quite a lot of cores of the target pyrometallurgical enrichment alloys, consisting of PGMs, gold, silver, and copper, tellurium, selenium, antimony, bismuth, etc., which are entangled in the slag of the cores.
The recycled slag is usually subjected to a lean remelting, resulting in a depleted conditional-dump slag. To carry out the lethal remelting of recycled slag, various charge compositions are known that give satisfactory recovery rates of precious metals. Recycling of the same dusty or n. Dust preventer is much more difficult.
In the public literature, the compositions of the charge for extracting PM from dust-laden smelting methods are not described. It is indicated, for example, only that the processing of waste can be carried out pyrometallurgically, a fusion charge containing soda, borax, glass, and, in some cases, coal, and copper is used as a collector of noble metals [Bases of metallurgy. T. 5. - Moscow: Metallurgy, 1968, p. 316].
In order to extract noble metals from various insoluble residues formed in hydrometallurgical remanufacturing of refining industries, a charge for the melting of the following composition is known [Sidorenko Yu.A., Efimov VN - Non-Ferrous Metals, 1996, N 5, p. 75],%:
- Calcium oxide - 10-13;
- silicate glass - 17-20;
- insoluble residues (n.o.) - the rest.
This charge is closest to the claimed and accepted for the prototype.
To the disadvantages of the prototype charge when using it for the melting of dust-laden or i.o. Dust;
- large dust removal during melting;
- obtaining in the process of melting a malleable (ductile) target alloy, which can not be crushed to the powder state required for its hydrometallurgical processing;
- it is not possible to obtain low-viscous and low-melting slags during melting, which leads to an increased residual content of noble metals in slags.
The technical result of the present invention is the elimination of these drawbacks.
This result is achieved by the fact that the charge is proposed for the extraction of noble metals by fusion, containing industrial products and waste products of noble metals and a material containing calcium oxide, according to the invention, as industrial products and waste products, it contains dust-laden or water insoluble dust-base residues containing noble metals and circulating silicate Slags of the production of platinum group metals, calcium oxide or calcium oxide-based industrial products as a material containing calcium oxide, with the following ratio of components,%:
Calcium oxide or industrial products based on calcium oxide - 5-15
Revolving silicate slag produced by platinum group metals - 30-60
Dusty air or water insoluble remains of dust-air - the rest.
The silicate base of recycled slag promotes the pelletization of wet dust during the drying of the charge and is involved in the process of silver reduction from AgCl. Melted from the slag, Korolki not only have high brittleness themselves, but are capable of imparting brittleness and an additional amount of alloys attached to them on a silver-lead basis.
The content of recycled silicate slag in the charge is less than 30% insufficient to provide the required melting temperature (not higher than 1300 ° C), regardless of the type of industrial products and (or) waste used.
In addition, the effect of embrittlement of the target alloy is often not achieved at the same time.
The content of recycled slag in the charge, equal to 30%, ensures satisfactory recovery of BM from almost all varieties of dust or n.o. Dust preventer. An increase in the content of recycled slag in the burden from 30 to 60% contributes to a continuous improvement in the quantitative extraction of MB by using any of the types of industrial products and (or) waste used in the practice of BM.
An increase in the content of the additive of recycled slag in the charge of more than 60% is inadvisable, since it does not lead to further improvement in the extraction of PM during melting, while reducing the useful alloy of n. Dust.
The reaction of reduction of silver chloride with slag components is accompanied by a decrease in the content of sodium oxide in the slag. In order to maintain the optimum properties (viscosity and fusibility) of the slag melt during the metallization of silver chloride, an addition of calcium oxide or the addition of any material based on it is added to the charge.
Reduction of the calcium oxide content in the charge of less than 5% is undesirable, since it may lead to incomplete reaction of reduction of silver chloride. An increase in the content of calcium oxide is more than 15% and is inappropriate, since it leads to the formation of excessive main slags during melting.
Example 1 . To prepare the charge, 29.0 g. Dusts of electrostatic precipitators (dry weight), 29.0 g of refined silicate slag of refining production and 6.5 g of calcium oxide (lime). All components of the charge were mixed, the charge was loaded into an alundum crucible and placed in a shaft laboratory electric furnace. After a 45-minute isothermal soak at 130 ° C, the crucible with the fusion products was removed from the furnace. After cooling, the melting products were removed from the crucible, divided by the natural phase separation boundaries. At that, 35.0 g of slag, 5.8 g of metallized heavy alloy and 4.3 g of chalcogenide matte-like alloy were obtained. Slag from the results of spectral analysis did not contain PGM, gold and silver. The melting target products - metallized heavy alloy and the chaet-like chalcogenide (so-called "light") alloy, had sufficient brittleness for mechanical grinding, were ground on a laboratory shaker to a size of minus 0.315 mm and analyzed for PGM, gold and silver content (Table 1 ).
PGM and gold from the crushed target fusion products of the proposed burden can be further easily transferred to the chloride solution by known methods, including, and using the most progressive method of chlorination in a solution of hydrochloric acid (see IN Maslenitsky, LV Chugaev , VF Borbat, etc. Metallurgy of Noble Metals, edited by LV Chugaev, Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1987, p. 416).
Example 2 . To prepare the charge, 592 kg of wet (W = 45%) n.o. Dust extractors of electrostatic precipitators produced by PGM, 324 kg of recycled granulated slag (W = 5%) produced by PGM and 138 kg of moist (W = 50%) cakes based on calcium oxide.
All the initial wet components of the charge were divided into six equal portions and loaded layer by layer into 6 boats, 175-176 kg each (see Table 2).
A total of 6 boats were prepared, which were simultaneously loaded into a drying electric furnace with a sliding hearth. Batch drying parameters: temperature - 300 o C, time - 9 hours.
After drying, a mixture of all components of the charge from 6 boats was poured into the hopper. Then the charge from the bunker was loaded onto the melting in a rotary-type reflective fuel furnace.
The furnace was switched on for heating and melting was carried out. The temperature of the melt in the furnace prior to draining the melting products was determined by means of an infra-red pyrometer and was 1200-1250 ° C.
The smelting products were drained from the furnace into cast iron molds. After cooling, 428 kg of slag and 96.2 kg of the target alloy of noble metals were extracted from the buckets.
The target alloy of noble metals was sufficiently brittle and was ground in a ball mill to a fineness of minus 1 mm. The smelting products were tested and analyzed for PGM, gold and silver content. Testing of the target alloy was carried out after its grinding, sampling of slag was carried out by sampling at the discharge - from the fiery-liquid state.
The content of noble metals in the obtained melting products is shown in Table. 3.
The crushed target alloy was further subjected to dissolution and processing using known methods.
CLAIM
A charge for the extraction of noble metals by a melt containing industrial products and waste products of noble metals and a material containing calcium oxide, characterized in that as industrial products and industrial waste, it contains dusty or water insoluble dust-laden residuals containing noble metals and circulating silicate slags of the production of platinum Group, as the material containing calcium oxide, calcium oxide or industrial products based on calcium oxide with the following ratio of components,%:
Calcium oxide or industrial products based on calcium oxide - 5 - 15
Revolving silicate slag produced by platinum group metals - 30 - 60
Dusty air or water insoluble remains of dust - Other
print version
Date of publication 27.03.2007gg
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