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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2100413
A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WATER-FUEL EMULSION
The name of the inventor: Filippov Igor Anatolievich; Aleksandrov Sergey Grigorievich; Frolov Valery Ivanovich; Vasiliev Valery Dmitrievich
The name of the patent holder: Filippov Igor Anatolievich; Aleksandrov Sergey Grigorievich; Frolov Valery Ivanovich; Vasiliev Valery Dmitrievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.07.25
The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbon fuels, namely water-fuel emulsions of light fuel, and can be used in the operation of automobile engines and power plants. To obtain stable water-fuel emulsions of light fuel, a method is proposed comprising mixing fuel, water and a stabilizer in an emulsifying unit in equal mass proportions of fuel and water or excess water with forced circulation of the emulsion formed, with gradual introduction of fuel into it at a ratio of fuel flow rates and Emulsion, equal to 1: 1 - 50 to a predetermined ratio of fuel to water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbon fuels, namely water-fuel emulsions of light fuel, and can be used in the operation of automobile engines and power plants.
There are known methods for preparing a water-fuel emulsion comprising feeding to the fuel another component of water both without the use of a stabilizing agent and using a stabilizer. Thus, according to Japanese application No. 57-205400 , water is supplied to the fuel in small portions using a series of mixers. US Pat. No. 4,394,131 describes a process for emulsifying a rotor mill at a speed of 1650 rpm. In aut.sv. No. 6,105,51 describes a process for the preparation of aqueous mineral oil emulsions, comprising mixing a surfactant and oil stabilizer, followed by water injection into the resulting mixture. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2021329 protects a method for producing a low viscosity, stable oil-in-water emulsion comprising mixing a viscous heavy component hydrocarbon, emulsifier and water at an elevated temperature and a water content of up to 15 wt. And subsequent addition of water to 20-30 wt.
These methods do not allow obtaining stable emulsions from light fuel.
Processes for the preparation of stable emulsions using a surfactant stabilizing agent (surfactant) are known (U.S. Patent No. 4,392,865, Japanese Patent Application No. 49-149995, 5-31910, British Patent Application No. 2,235,465) . According to Japanese Patent Application No. 1-252697 , an oil / water emulsion is obtained using an anionic surfactant as the dispersant, which is initially mixed with water, and then a non-ionic surfactant stabilizer is added to the resulting mixture.
The known methods of preparation ensure the stability of water-fuel emulsions of light fuel to only a few minutes. In addition, oil-in-water emulsions have a strong corrosive effect on fuel equipment and, for this reason, are not used.
Methods for improving the stability of water-fuel emulsions up to 1 month are known. By using a surfactant and a high molecular weight swelling agent (US Pat. No. 4,392,865) . However, the solid component dramatically increases the wear of the engines and leads to failure of the cleaning filters.
A prototype of the invention is a process for producing an emulsion fuel (international application WO 85/04183). The method comprises mixing the emulsifier (0.5 3%) with fuel (84%) and then adding water to the resulting mixture.
The main drawback of the prototype method is the preparation of an emulsion having a low stability. For the emulsion of light fuel (diesel fuel, gasoline), stability is maintained from a few minutes to several tens of minutes.
For the production of water-fuel emulsions, methods are used that, as a rule, produce a water-in-oil emulsion (inverse emulsion), since emulsions such as oil in water (direct emulsion) exert a strong corrosive effect on fuel equipment. However, emulsions of light fuel such as water in oil are unstable.
The task to solve the proposed invention is to obtain a stable water-fuel emulsion of light fuel that does not have a corrosive effect.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a water-fuel emulsion comprising mixing fuel, water and a surfactant stabilizer in an emulsifying unit with the same initial mass ratio of fuel and water or excess water with forced circulation of the emulsion to be formed with gradual introduction of fuel In the formed emulsion to a predetermined ratio of fuel and water.
This task is also solved by adding a stabilizer to the water, and then fuel or simultaneously mixing water, fuel and stabilizer.
This task is also solved by the fact that the introduction of fuel into the emulsion formed is carried out at a ratio of the rates of their flows equal to 1 1 50.
The set of conditions for the proposed method: the same initial ratio of fuel and water or excess water, the introduction of fuel or water at the same time, the circulation of the emulsion formed with the gradual introduction of fuel into it, and a certain ratio of the flow rates of the emulsion and fuel formed allows a multi- Which combines the types of oil in water and water in oil. In such an emulsion, the dispersed phase itself is an emulsion containing droplets of another phase. At the same time, at the border of the emulsion and the metal surface of the fuel equipment container, in which it is located, there is always a layer of fuel, which allows to exclude corrosion. The emulsion obtained by the proposed method has the properties of a concentrated emulsion, i. E. Its viscosity increases with decreasing water content (increase in fuel content), since water forms the framework of the carrier cell filled with liquid (emulsion). This frame informs the emulsion of a certain strength and high stability, and fuel interlayers at the fuel-fuel interface play the role of a lubricant, which, even with a high viscosity of the emulsion, allows optimal fuel delivery modes in cars using standard fuel pumps.
If the conditions of the method are not met, an emulsion of this type is not formed, but an unstable emulsion of the water-in-oil type is formed.
As a stabilizing agent, it is possible to use hydrophilic surfactants in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0% by weight.
Example 1
To the solution of sodium oleate (0.5%) in the emulsifying unit add diesel fuel with a mass ratio of fuel and water equal to 1: 1, (1 kg 1 kg); The emulsion formed is circulated in a closed loop with a gradual introduction of fuel into it at a ratio of the flow rates of the emulsion and fuel to be formed: 1: 1 to a fuel / water ratio of 75:25 (wt.).
Example 2
A 1% solution of sodium oleate is mixed with gasoline in the emulsifying unit at a mass ratio of the feed of fuel water components equal to 1: 15, and the process is carried out in the same way as in Example 1, with a ratio of the gasoline and emulsion flow rates of 1:10 to the final gasoline content In the emulsion 70 (wt.).
Example 3
Carry out in a manner similar to Example 1 with a mass ratio of fuel to water of 1: 5 and a ratio of the flow rates of the fuel and the generated (circulating) emulsion of 1: 5.
Example 4
Carry out in a manner similar to Example 2 with a mass ratio of the supply of components to the gasoline water emulsification unit equal to 1 20 and the ratio of the flow rates of the fuel and the emulsion to be formed 1 50.
Stratification of emulsion of diesel fuel prepared by the proposed method is not observed for 4 months, emulsion of gasoline for 1 month.
In addition, the prepared emulsion does not have a corrosive effect on the fuel equipment.
Emulsion of diesel fuel, containing 25 wt. Water, has passed the test on trucks like "KamAZ". The emulsion was loaded into the tank of the car without changing the fuel equipment. Adjustment of the fuel supply pump was made within the nominal adjustment.
CLAIM
A process for the preparation of a water-fuel emulsion comprising mixing fuel, water and a stabilizer-surfactant, characterized in that mixing is carried out in an emulsifying unit with the same initial mass ratio of fuel and water or excess water with forced circulation of the emulsion to be formed, with gradual introduction In it fuel to a predetermined ratio of fuel and water.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a stabilizer is added to the water, followed by a fuel.
3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that water, stabilizer and fuel are simultaneously mixed.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the introduction of fuel into the emulsion to be formed is carried out at a ratio of their flow rates of 1 1 50.
print version
Date of publication 01.01.2007гг
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