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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2277119

METHOD AND SOLAR INSTALLATION FOR ARTIFICIAL liquid fuels from carbon-containing materials

METHOD AND SOLAR INSTALLATION FOR ARTIFICIAL LIQUID FUEL
FROM CARBON MATERIALS

Name of the inventor: Ivanchevskaya Emilia S. (RU); Rabbimov Rahim Teshaevich (RU); Strebkov Dmitry S. (RU); Trushevskiy Stanislav Nikolaevich
The name of the patentee: State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESH)
Address for correspondence: 109456, Moscow, 1st Veshnyakovskaya pr-d, 2, GNU VIESH, OV Golubeva
Starting date of the patent: 2005.03.15

The invention relates to a solar engineering, in particular to methods for receiving and processing of synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials plant waste (wood pulp, agricultural plant wastes, such as sunflower husks etc.) Photothermolysis in systems concentrating solar radiation. The process for producing synthetic liquid fuel is in the preparation of the charge by grinding plant waste, dried to a moisture content of 10%, calibration, processing slurry of carbonaceous material in the pyrolysis of charge, dehydration and liquefaction vaporous mixture in svetotermicheskom impact - photothermolysis (photo activation and dissociation) of pyrolysis gases at a temperature of 200 ÷ 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure, and then passing the chemically active products - the gases CH 4, C 2 H 4, C n H m, CO, H 2, CO 2, etc. through the paraffin layer with Fe catalyst at a temperature of 240. ° C and atmospheric pressure. Described and apparatus for carrying out the method. The invention allows to expand the raw material base for the production of liquid fuels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a solar engineering, in particular to methods for receiving and processing of synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials plant waste (wood pulp, agricultural plant wastes, such as sunflower husks etc.) Photothermolysis in systems concentrating solar radiation.

Known solar plant and method for the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. For the processing of heavy oil such as paraffins used solar oven in Odeillo (France) 6 kW with a vertical optical axis of the concentrator. It is made up of 306 hexagonal mirror facets form in which the reflecting surface is spherical. Focal length 7.6 m concentrator. Solar radiation is directed at the mirror heliostat concentrator 4.5 · 6 m collected from 12 flat mirrors and mirror located at the hub. In the focal plane of the hub is located the reactor, in the form of a quartz cylindrical vessel. The power of the radiant flux irradiating the surface of the reactor was controlled using a shutter disposed between the hub and the reactor and control systems, including temperature sensors as thermocouples, located in different areas of the reactor. The starting materials are fed into the reactor from below. As an example, the gas composition resulting from solar radiation heating the reactor to a temperature of 873 ° C, (%) H 2 - 5.4; CH 4 - 26.24; C 2 H 4 - 47.36; C 2 H 6 - 2.56; C 2 H 2 - 1.5; C 3 H 8 - 15.76; C 4 H 6 - 1.13. The test results of the quartz reactor allowed to develop a scheme of metallic industrial type reactor for the pyrolysis of paraffin with a solar radiation concentrator and with the concentrating mirror with a vertical optical axis (Use of concentration energy for cracking of petroleum bones. Blouri V., Depeyre D., Sol. Therm, centre Receiver, Syst .: Proc 3 -.. Int Workshop, Kanastas June 23-27, 1986, "vol 2", Berlin ea, 1986, 703-717).

The disadvantage is the design complexity for pyrolysis products and the high cost of installation.

Known solar installation and a method for gasification pyrolysis of materials such as wood, paper, coal. The result is H 2, CO and light hydrocarbons. Described reactor project in which solar radiation is applied using local fibers. The reactor is designed in the form of two coaxial metal wheel height of 4 m, with diameters of 4 m and 6 m. The space between the rings is filled with heat absorbing material, and the inner surface of the smaller-diameter ring bounding the working chamber of the reactor, has a mirror coating. Solar radiation is introduced into the reactor through a plurality of optical fibers. Two variants are considered fiber 1 mm and 2 mm. When the concentration coefficient at the input end of an optical fiber of 3000, the power of the radiant flux transmitted through each optical fiber is 400 watts with a diameter of 2 mm. Number of fibers introduced into the reactor, respectively, equal to 1.23 x 10 8 or 3 × 10 5 pcs. Each input end of optical fibers aligned with the output end of the monolithic focon, the optical axis of which is directed to the Sun (Solar gasification of carbonaceous material Anolujek JN, Romero N. "Sol Therm Cent Receiver Syst:...... Proc 3 Int workshop, June 23 -27 1986, vol.2 ". Berlin ea 1986, 967-974).

A disadvantage of this construction and method is low efficiency of gasification, exempt thermodynamic load and dispersion, design complexity and maintenance, the high cost of installation.

The closest to the claimed invention are a method for producing artificial of oily substances from plant material and apparatus for its implementation, the method includes conducting the hydrogenation raw material at a temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm reactive vaporous pyrolysis products thereof. Pyrolysis subjected peat batch, which is prepared from the peat by drying it down to 15% moisture, grinding and subsequent calibrating sieve with openings of 2 mm diameter and mixing with the iron catalyst - comminuted iron - with the ratio of components, wt.%: Peat 90, iron 10 with a heating rate of 6 ° / min before the autoclave (pyrolyzer) temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm, and the hydrogenation is preheated to 43 ° C peat paste obtained by mixing crushed peat kerosene, fuel oil, and an iron catalyst at a ratio of , wt.%: 23.8 peat, iron catalyst 4.8 4.8 kerosene, fuel oil 23.8, followed by heating at 6 degrees / min before the autoclave temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm, followed by hood hydrogenation without forced cooling for 25-30 minutes. The process for preparing an artificial of oily substances is repeated several times, each subsequent process is carried out in the presence of residual steam and gas products of pyrolysis and hydrogenation preceding process flow which generate when the temperature of 150 ° C in a pre-heated in an autoclave to a temperature of 47 ° C peat charge and peat paste . Use mnogoavtoklavny reactor comprising at least three identical pairs of autoclaves each of which comprises a means coupled between the locking device and pyroliser hydrogenator with individual heating systems, and wherein each pyroliser gitsrogenizator each preceding pair autoclaves are linked through the locking connection devices. All stop mnogoavtoklavnogo reactor units have the same structure and are designed as ball valves (Solar, gasification of carbonaceous material. Anolujek JN, Romero N. "Sol. Therm. Cent. Receiver. Syst .: Proc. 3 INT workshop, June 23-27 1986, vol.2 ". Berlin ea 1986, 967-974).

The disadvantage of this method and apparatus is the large power consumption and design complexity.

The object of the invention "The method and the solar plant for the production of synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials" is a process for the preparation of synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials and raw materials by pyrolysis and photothermolysis, but also to provide a machine for its implementation on the basis of the solar radiation concentrator reactor-fototermolizatorom , crusher, dryer and kalibrovatelem svetotermicheskoy for processing highly efficient use of solar energy, the expansion of the raw material base, increase the yield of synthetic liquid fuel and the reduction of production costs.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the resource base.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by choosing vegetable waste - wood pulp or agricultural waste vegetable origin, for example sunflower husk, straw, purification is carried out by mechanical impurities and dirt, crushed in a twin screw grinder to a size of 1 mm, calibrated on a sieve with a hole diameter of 1 mm. The resulting mass of dried plant separately solar heater or backup-electric heater at 100 ÷ 120 ° C and humidity of 10%. The dried vegetable weight stored in a dry warm room with relative humidity up to 70% due to the hygroscopicity of the dry weight. Carry out the pyrolysis in an autoclave (or pyrolyser in the form of a cylindrical vessel of stainless steel insulated, provided with a dispenser, an electric heater, gauges temperature and pressure, but also with locking devices in the form of ball valves for discharging the vaporous mixtures and liquid-solid slurries for subsequent condenser treatment) at 5 deg. / min until occurrence in temperature autoclave to 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm was maintained at these conditions for 25 ÷ 30 minutes, then for 20 min reactive combined cycle products (CH 4, C 2 H 4, C . n H m, CO, H 2, CO 2, etc.) constituting more than 60% by weight of the original wood raw material is fed into a condenser, cooled to the temperature of 50 ° C, separated moisture after which gaseous pyrolysis products are subjected svetotermicheskomu effects - photothermolysis (photoactivation and photodissociation) at a temperature of 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure for 20 ÷ 25 minutes under-fototermolizatore reactor (in the form of a thermally insulated vessel with a translucent window made of quartz glass) of the solar radiation concentrator fototermolizovannye gas mixture is passed through a slurry reactor (reactor paraffin layer filled to 1/3 of its volume in which the catalyst is placed Fe) of oily liquid to give a fuel. Specific fuel output reaches 300 ± 60 g / m paraffin mirror for 2 minutes.

To increase the degree of conversion of 6 ÷ gas is recycled 8 times for 30 min. The resulting liquid-solid sludge is sent to the processing plant mass. The process of obtaining fuel cycle repeats continuously. On cloudy days and in case of insufficient solar radiation, install energy produced from an independent source or central network. In the case of power reactor is equipped with a lighting with a spectrum of radiation close to the sun (metal halide lamps). Autoclave, a condenser-reactor fototermolizator solar concentrator and the slurry reactor are connected by locking devices in the form of ball valves.

Claimed according to the invention a method of producing synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials is carried out by using as the carbonaceous material plant waste - wood pulp or agricultural wastes of plant origin, for example sunflower husks, straw, from which, after removal of solids and impurities are prepared batch by grinding to a size 1 mm, dried at a temperature of 100-120 ° C and humidity of 10%, is calibrated to a size of 1 mm, the treated carbonaceous material slurry is heated (pyrolyzed) wood batch at a rate of 5 ° C / min for 90 minutes to a temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure 150 atm and maintained under these conditions for 25-30 minutes vaporous pyrolysis product mixture was cooled to 50 ° C and atmospheric pressure, dewatered and liquefied. Gaseous pyrolysis products are subjected to impact svetotermicheskomu - photothermolysis (photoactivation and photodissociation) at a temperature of 200 ÷ 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure. After photothermolysis gaseous mixture consisting of chemically active products -. Gases CH 4, C 2 H 4, C n H m, CO, H 2, CO 2, etc., is passed through a paraffin layer with Fe catalyst at a temperature of 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure to give a liquid fuel. Specific fuel output reaches 300 ± 60 g / m 2 of wax mirror for 2 minutes. To increase the degree of conversion of 6 ÷ gas is recycled 8 times for 30 min. Resulting in the process of liquid-solid sludge is sent to the processing plant mass. The process of obtaining fuel cycle repeats continuously.

Declared herein apparatus for the process for producing synthetic liquid fuels from carbon-containing materials plant waste - wood pulp or agricultural wastes of plant origin, such as sunflower husks, straw, consists of a twin-screw grinder, solar (electric) stove, autoclave (pyrolyzer), a capacitor, a reactor -fototermolizatora, solar radiation concentrator (artificial emitter - metal-halogen lamps), slurry reactor with solar (electric) heating.

The claimed method and apparatus for producing liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials plant waste - wood pulp or agricultural wastes of plant origin, for example sunflower husks, straw, illustrated by the drawings, presented on Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 - flowsheet producing liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials - plant matter, Figure 2 - a general view of an apparatus for producing liquid fuels, comprising a twin screw chopper 1, a solar dryer 2 (electric) heater 5 kalibrovatel 3 autoclave (pyroliser) with solar 4 (electric) heater 5 capacitor 6, 7 reactor photothermal solar concentrator 8 (artificial - metal halide lamps) and the slurry reactor with the solar 9 (electric) heater 5 (duplicating device in Figure 2 are not shown) in the form of a cylindrical stainless steel vessel filled with paraffin at 0 3 its volume with Fe catalyst associated locking devices (not shown in Figure 2) in the form of ball valves.

Powered apparatus for producing liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials plant waste - wood pulp or agricultural wastes of plant origin, such as sunflower husks, straw, as follows.

METHOD AND SOLAR INSTALLATION FOR ARTIFICIAL liquid fuels from carbon-containing materials

From the vegetal mass prepared by grinding the batch size to 1 mm after purification from mechanical admixtures and impurities and dried at a temperature of 1004-120 ° C and humidity of 10% (by sunlight or elektrovozduhonagrevatele) calibrated with sieve openings 1 mm in diameter, filled with wood autoclave weight of 1 mm, the treated slurry of carbonaceous substances, and include heat (sunlight or electric), heated wood batch at a rate of 5 ° C / min for 90 minutes to a temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm, and under these conditions maintained for 25 ÷ 30 min. Locking device autoclave was opened and the vaporous mixture is in excess of 60% by weight of the feedstock enters the condenser where vaporous pyrolysis products are cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C and atmospheric pressure, and moisture is separated is liquefied. Simultaneously, the autoclave was closed and the locking device is opened, and condenser closures pyrolysis gaseous products enter the reactor fototermolizator solar radiation concentrator (in the form of a thermally insulated reactor vessel provided with a quartz glass window to the concentrated solar radiation, and temperature and pressure sensors).

The gaseous products of pyrolysis is subjected svetotermicheskomu impact - photothermolysis (photo activation and dissociation) concentrated sunlight (8 ÷ 10 times the concentration at the total solar radiation 600 ÷ 800 W / m 2) or artificial radiation with a spectrum close to the sun (eg, metal halide lamps) through-window fototermolizatora reactor at a temperature of 200-240 ° C and atmospheric pressure, whereupon the locking device fototermolizatora-reactor is closed, the locking device is opened and after the slurry reactor photothermolysis gaseous mixture comes into a slurry reactor (a vessel filled with paraffin 1 / 3 its volume in which is placed a catalyst Fe), where at 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure reactive fototermolizovannye products consisting of the gases CH 4, C 2 H 4, C n H m, CO, H 2, CO 2, and al., the wax passed through the catalyst layer prepared Fe and liquid fuel. Specific fuel output reaches 300 ± 60 g / m 2 of wax mirror for 2 minutes. To increase the degree of conversion of gas is recycled 6 ÷ 8 times. Formed in the process of liquid-solid sludge is sent to the processing plant mass. The process of obtaining fuel cycle repeats continuously. Shut-off device at the end of producing a fuel cycle in the autoclave is closed, capacitor-fototermolizatore reactor and slurry reactor. For cloudy days and at night the autoclave is equipped with elektroteplonagrevatelem, solar heater - elektrovozduhonagrevatelem, reactor fototermolizator - device artificial sun (metal halide lamps), slurry reactor - elektroteplonagrevatelem.

CLAIM

1. A method for producing synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials by using as vegetable waste carbonaceous materials - wood pulp or agricultural wastes of plant origin, for example sunflower husks, straw and other, consisting in the fact that the pulp is purified from mechanical admixtures and impurities, is prepared charge by grinding, drying at 100-120 ° C and humidity of 10%, the calibration size of 1 mm, is pyrolyzed, characterized in that, after calibration of the charge treated carbonaceous material slurry is heated (pyrolyzed) charge at a rate of 5 ° / min for 90 minutes to a temperature of 450 ° C and a pressure of 150 atm, and under these conditions maintained for 25 ÷ 30 minutes, vaporous mixture of cracking products is cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C and atmospheric pressure, dewatered and liquefied gaseous pyrolysis products are subjected svetotermicheskomu effects - photothermolysis (photoactivation and photodissociation) at a temperature of 200 ÷ 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure fototermolizovannye gaseous mixture consisting of chemically active products - the gases CH 4, C 2 H 4, C n H m, CO, H 2, CO 2 and others. passed through a paraffin layer with a Fe catalyst at a temperature of 240 ° C and atmospheric pressure and a liquid fuel, and formed in the process of liquid-solid slurry is directed to treatment of plant matter, the pyrolysis process and photothermolysis of producing liquid fuels and liquid-solid slurry is repeated cyclically continuously.

2. Solar apparatus for producing synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials - wood pulp plant waste or agricultural wastes of plant origin, for example sunflower husks, straw and other comprising a chopper, the dryer, kalibrovatel, pyrolyser capacitor locking device, characterized in that it fototermolizator reactor comprises a thermally insulated vessel with a translucent window, solar concentrator, artificial light emitter, a slurry reactor with a paraffin layer on its volume and 0.3 Fe catalyst solar heaters.

3. Solar installation according to claim 2, characterized in that fototermolizator reactor is designed as a cylindrical vessel made of quartz glass, the solar radiation concentrator is formed as parabolotsilindra and artificial radiator made of metal halide lamps.

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Publication date 09.04.2007gg