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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2284355

METHOD FOR OBTAINING ETHANOL

The name of the inventor: Lagutina Tamara Borisovna
The name of the patent holder: Lagutina Tamara Borisovna
Address for correspondence: 625000, Tyumen, st. Republic, 45, sq. 4, TBLagutina
The effective date of the patent: 2001.11.06

The invention relates to the alcohol industry, in particular to the production of ethanol from plant materials (wood, peat, agricultural and textile waste, vegetable and secondary raw materials). The method provides hydrolysis of plant material with sulfuric acid, neutralization of the hydrolyzate with ammonia water, aerobic-alcoholic fermentation, rectification of alcoholic mash, waste utilization. Ammonium sulfate formed during the neutralization of the hydrolyzate with production effluents including condensates of the ether-aldehyde fraction and the fusel fraction is directed to the "Symbiotenk" purification station and produced technically pure water and activated sludge that is added to the sulfuric acid during the hydrolysis and is introduced into the bard for Production of yeast. A waste-free environmentally safe production technology is provided and the cost of obtaining ethanol is reduced due to an increase in its yield and a reduction in its cost.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the alcohol industry and relates to a process for producing ethanol.

The purpose of the invention is a non-waste environmentally safe production technology and a reduction in the cost of producing ethanol by increasing the yield and reducing the cost of ethanol.

A method for producing ethanol according to a one-stage scheme is known (patent of Russia No. 1303034, C 12 P 7/06) where continuous fermentation of wheat wort and its secondary use takes place, continuous separation by centrifugation into yeast, anode yeast and sludge, which is an environmental pollutant, and From the lean wort, ethanol is continuously extracted to produce a bard which is divided into two streams. One stream is withdrawn from the process, and the other is returned to the fermentation stage.

The disadvantage of this method is the secondary use of the bard in the technological process, which increases the amount of harmful impurities, including inhibitors in wort, and consequently, reduces the quality of the yeast, slows down the process, reduces the yield of ethanol, does not solve the problem of recycling waste products (sludge, sewage) , And the use of food products, in particular wheat, as raw materials, does not allow increasing the volume of production to produce fuel ethanol because of the high cost of raw materials.

The method closest to the claimed solution is a method for producing ethanol from plant materials, in which a scheme with separate neutralization of two parallel hydrolyzate streams is used in industry to reduce the concentration of calcium sulfate in the hydrolyzate. The first (main) stream is neutralized by a two-stage scheme (lime milk and ammonia water), the second stream - only with ammonia water. After separating the sludge by neutralization, both streams are mixed. Optimum ratio of liquid streams: to calcareous neutralization of 70-80% hydrolyzate, to ammonia - 20-30%. The neutralized hydrolyzate is sent to the fermentation compartment, where it is mixed with the separated yeast suspension. The resulting alcohol brew after separation is sent to the rectification department. Raw spirit is distilled from the mash, from which the rectified spirit is subsequently extracted, and the resulting glazed bard is used for the production of protein yeast.

(Holkin, Yu.I., Technology of Hydrolytic Productions, Moscow: Lesnaya Promyshlennost, 1989)

The method does not completely solve the problem of preventing the formation of calcium sulphate, which leads to the gypsum of equipment and communications, the formation of sewage and waste polluting the environment.

These drawbacks eliminate the proposed method of producing ethanol from vegetable raw materials, which involves hydrolysis of the latter with sulfuric acid, neutralization of the hydrolyzate with ammonia water, aerobic-alcoholic fermentation, distillation of alcoholic mash, waste utilization, characterized in that the ammonium sulfate formed during the neutralization of the hydrolyzate with production sewage Is sent to the "Symbiotenk" sewage treatment plant for complete utilization and production of active sludge and technically pure water, the activated sludge is added to the sulfuric acid during the hydrolysis and is introduced into the yeast bard, while the production sewage includes condensates of the ether-aldehyde fraction and the fusel fraction .

The method is carried out by the following method

Crushed raw materials from the bunker are sent to a two-screw acid-resistant extruder or other continuous apparatus having zones of heating and hydrolysis. The temperature in the heating zone is 80 ° C, in the hydrolysis zone is 210 ° C, and the pressure is 2 MPa. The diluted 0.5% sulfuric acid and activated sludge obtained at the "Symbiotenk" treatment plant are fed to the hydrolysis zone. The raw material is heated to the hydrolysis temperature by a sharp steam. The rate of hydrolysis of cellulose from plant raw materials and active sludge polysaccharides is approximately the same, which contributes to an increase in the yield of monosaccharides under this regime, enriches the hydrolyzate with inorganic micro- and macroelements. The reaction mixture obtained after hydrolysis is withdrawn from the extruder or other continuous apparatus for spinning, the pressed residue (lignin) goes to the production of organomineral fertilizer from slime waste, lignin, activated sludge obtained at the "Symbiotenk" sewage treatment plant. The separated hydrolyzate is neutralized with 25% ammonia water supplied to the pump. Neutralized hydrolyzate with pH 4.0-4.5 is sent to the yeast, where the fermentation takes place - the activation of alcohol-forming yeast upon contact with fresh substrate. From yeast, the mixture of hydrolyzate (wort) and yeast is fed to the head fermenter of alcohol fermentation to intensive main fermentation, at which 80-90% of ethanol is formed.

In the sequentially connected tail fermenter, the fermentation stage takes place (forage), where most of the difficult-to-digest galactose is absorbed. As a result of fermentation, an intermediate product is produced, an alcoholic brew containing 1.8% ethanol. Alcohol brew from the tail fermentor is sent to the separator to separate the yeast suspension. The separated mash from the fermentation department is sent to the rectification department. First, the brew goes to the cobbled column, where, as a result of the bragging, an alcohol condensate containing 80-86% of ethanol and a waste of alcohol production - bard are obtained. The alcohol mixed with active sludge is mixed with active sludge and sent to the yeast department for the production of protein yeast, and the waste of yeast production - the follow-up brew goes to the "Symbiotenk" sewage treatment plant for processing to environmentally friendly active sludge and technically clean water returned to the process.

The alcoholic condensate is sent to the column for the distillation of volatile impurities (aldehydes, ethers, ketones, etc.) of the ether-aldehyde fraction. The ester-aldehyde fraction is fed to further concentrate on the ester column.

The alcohol solution from the bottom part of the ether column is returned to the column. The composition of the fortified ether-aldehyde fraction includes about 40% of esters, about 15% of aldehydes, and a certain amount of ethanol and water, this fraction is completely directed to the "Symbiotenk" sewage treatment plant, where, by processing, the microflora turns into environmentally friendly sludge and technically clean Water returned to the production process.

From the epilation column, the ethanol obtained is sent to a distillation alcohol column to bring the strength of alcohol to the standards established by the standard and to cleanse the fusel oils. For the regeneration of ethanol, the fusel oils are washed with water and the washings are directed to the alcohol column. The washed fraction of fusel oil goes to the "Symbiotenk" treatment plant for processing with microflora for active sludge and technically pure water.

For the production of fuel ethanol, its deep purification from impurities is not required, and therefore it is possible to obtain it in a single-column bregorectification apparatus.

The use of the "Symbiotenk" sewage treatment plant (AS 1579022 USSR, Simbiotenk / V.Kravets, A.I. Sokolenko, V.F.Nikonenko et al., - 03.03.88, Pub., 15.03.90) provides The introduction of recirculated drainage water supply through cleaning for the first time in hydrolysis production of all organics highly saturated with sewage to BOD - 3 mg / l and their full use in the technological process.

The operation principle of the "Symbiotenk" wastewater treatment plant is based on biochemical processes with obligatory biofilm aggregation on mobile carriers, the purification process is carried out due to vegetation of various physiological groups of microorganisms and algae that have different sensitivity to the composition and properties of waste water. Bacteria that grow on biofilm on rotating biofilters, due to adaptation to environmental conditions, are very hardy to overload in concentrations of contaminants. Purified water at the treatment plant "Symbiotenk" water does not require decontamination, as it passes through the oxygen demineralization modules, which adversely affects the pathogenic microflora.

Active silt released as a result of treatment of industrial wastewater is a biocenosis of microorganisms, rich in protein substances, amino acids, B vitamins, including B, and mineral salts. Due to the fact that the activated sludge is separated from the production sewage by separate purification, it minimizes the harmful impurities that arise when mixing industrial and domestic wastewater, as is the case with a conventional system for cleaning a Leastman with a limited water supply system, Use in the preparation of hydrolyzate and when added to the bard when improving the quality of the substrate and protein yeast.

In addition, the use of the water treatment system for hydrolysis production at the station "Symbiotenk" makes it possible to exclude the use of lime in production in connection with the high purification of ammonium salts, to use environmentally friendly sludge to increase the yield of ethanol and obtain byproducts of protein yeast, to reduce the consumption of electricity, steam and Receive high-quality organomineral fertilizer (WMD) from waste products (slimes, lignin, activated sludge).

Utilization of aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate, harmful emissions (ether-aldehyde, fusel oils) at the sewage treatment plant "Symbiotenk" solves the problem of prevention of environmental pollution, and the use of treated sewage in production and use of industrial waste to obtain marketable products: organomineral (OMU), Protein yeast, carbon dioxide (dry ice) makes it possible to carry out a waste-free, non-waste production technology, transforming the existing hydrolysis production into an environmentally friendly industry.

Comparative characteristics of ethanol production by production and economic indicators, based on the cost per 1 decal of ethanol, is given in the table.

The availability of renewable plant resources and plant waste products, low production costs of ethanol by the proposed method will allow the production of fuel ethanol throughout the country.

CLAIM

1. A method for producing ethanol from vegetable raw materials, which involves hydrolysis of the latter with sulfuric acid, neutralization of the hydrolyzate with ammonia water, aerobic-alcoholic fermentation, rectification of alcoholic mash, waste utilization, characterized in that the ammonium sulfate formed during the neutralization of the hydrolyzate is directed to production wastewater. Cleaning station "Symbiotenk" for complete utilization and production of active sludge and technically pure water, the activated sludge is added to the sulfuric acid during the hydrolysis and is introduced into a bard for the production of yeast, while the production sewage includes the condensates of the ether-aldehyde fraction and the fusel fraction.

2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that neutralization of the hydrolyzate is carried out with 25% ammonia water.

print version
Date of publication 09.04.2007гг

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