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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2259388
METHOD FOR OBTAINING ADDITIVES TO DIESEL FUEL
The name of the inventor: Nikiforov IA (RU); Strelnikov VA (RU); Istomin S.V. (RU); Nikiforov A.Yu. (RU); Cherbaev AI (RU); Ilyina LA (RU); Krivonosov A.A. (RU)
Name of patent holder: Limited Liability Company Scientific and Production Company "Galtek" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 410012, Saratov, ul. Moscow, 155, SSU, PLO, N.V. Romanova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.03.11
The invention relates to the technology of obtaining additives for motor fuels, in particular, additives for gasolines, diesel and other fuels that are used in automotive engineering, aviation, rocketry and pyrotechnics. The method of obtaining an additive for diesel fuel is from spent solutions of etching of printed circuit boards and steel precipitation with an alkali solution. Dispersion of the resulting precipitate is carried out immediately after precipitation in a diesel fuel environment at a sediment / fuel ratio of 1: 0.5-2. Dispersing is carried out to a particle size of hydroxides of not more than 10 nm. The invention reduces the toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases when using fuel with this additive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the technology of obtaining additives for motor fuels, in particular, additives for gasolines, diesel and other fuels that are used in automotive engineering, aviation, rocketry and pyrotechnics.
A method for preparing additives for diesel fuels based on ferric hydroxide is known, which includes dispersing the hydroxide (see US Patent No. 3,349,832, IPC C 10 L 1/12).
When adding such an additive to the fuel, the distribution of dispersed particles in the fuel volume is not stable.
A method for producing an additive for motor fuels is known, comprising dissolving a fatty acid-based iron compound and adding as one or more components, by weight: a soluble iron compound based on fatty acids (in terms of iron) 0.003-0.3, camphans 0,006-0,03, the base fuel is the rest (see patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2105041, IPC C 10 L 1/18).
The method closest to the claimed process is the preparation of a catalyst from metal oxides by dispersing in a liquid organic carrier compatible with fuel. The catalyst contains a mixture of chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 and cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 , and the liquid organic carrier contains a solvent of Stoddard as the solvent (see RF Patent No. 2,178,338, IPC: B 01 J 23/882).
These additives do not sufficiently reduce the toxicity and smoke of exhaust gases during engine operation.
The task of the proposed solution is to reduce the toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases when using fuel with this additive.
This object is achieved in that in a method for producing an additive for diesel fuel based on iron (III) hydroxide, comprising precipitating iron hydroxide from salt solutions, dispersing, waste solutions of etching of printed circuit boards and steel are selected as a slab, simultaneously with the precipitation of iron hydroxide, a precipitate is obtained Containing hydroxides of copper, nickel and chromium, the dispersion of the precipitate is carried out immediately after precipitation in a diesel fuel environment at a sediment / fuel ratio of 1: 1.
Dispersing is carried out to a particle size of hydroxides of not more than 10 nm.
THE METHOD IS PROVIDED AS FOLLOWS:
The additive was prepared by dispersing a freshly precipitated precipitate containing a mixture of transition metal hydroxides in a diesel fuel using ball mills. This method differs from the existing ones in that used raw solutions of etching of steel and printed circuit boards are used as the main raw material. These solutions contain, as the main component, iron (III) salts in an amount of 10-25% by weight, and salts and / or nickel (II), copper (II), chromium (III) in an amount of up to 5%.
The preparation procedure can be broken down into a stage. The first involves the preparation of an amorphous precipitate of metal hydroxides from pickling solutions, and the second involves its finely dispersed grinding in ball mills in a diesel fuel environment.
Precipitation was carried out by treating pickling solutions with 10% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) according to the following scheme:
The resulting precipitate, predominantly iron (III) hydroxide, as well as nickel, chromium and copper hydroxide impurities, was washed with distilled water and filtered, and then dried at a temperature of 105 ° C.
Freshly prepared in this way, the precipitate of metal hydroxides was subjected to fine-dispersed grinding in M-10 type ball mills. Grinding was carried out in a medium of diesel fuel to a particle size of not more than 10 nm under the following conditions: the ratio of diesel fuel and sediment (parts by weight) 1: 2 ÷ 0.5.
The paste thus obtained was subsequently dissolved in diesel fuel in a ratio of 0.5-5 ml of paste per liter of fuel. As a result, a stable fuel composition was obtained with an optimum concentration of active ingredient of 20 mg / L, calculated as metal, which was obtained at a paste-to-fuel ratio of 1: 1000.
Fuel with an additive obtained by the claimed technology is characterized by reduced soot emission, a decrease in the total toxicity of exhaust gases. The data confirming the indicated properties of the fuel composition are confirmed by experiments, the results of which are given in the Examples.
Example 1
In bench tests, the additive was introduced into the fuel immediately before the tests on the D-240 engine at a speed of rotation n = 1800 min -1 . The additive reduced the smokiness of exhaust gases in the range from 26 to 55% depending on the load.
Example 2
In the field tests, fuel was used, into which an additive was introduced one month before the tests. The resulting fuel composition was used as fuel in the MTZ-80 tractor. It maintained its stability for several months. Sampling of harmful components of exhaust gases of the engine was carried out in the regime of free acceleration in the exhaust gas exit zone. The test results are shown in the table.
As can be seen from the presented table, the introduction of the additive significantly reduces the toxicity of the diesel exhaust gases.
CLAIM
1. A method for producing an additive for diesel fuel, comprising dispersing components in a solvent, characterized in that the additive components are obtained from waste solutions of etching of printed circuit boards and steel by precipitation with an alkali solution, the dispersion of the resulting precipitate is dispersed directly after precipitation in a diesel fuel at a sedimentation-fuel ratio 1: 0.5-2.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersion is carried out to a particle size of hydroxides of not more than 10 nm.
print version
Published on January 14, 2007
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