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USEFUL ADDITIVES FOR PETROL AND OTHER MOTOR FUELS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2254358

ADDITIVE TO HYDROCARBON FUEL

ADDITIVE TO HYDROCARBON FUEL

The name of the inventor: Nikitina EA (RU); Emelyanov V.E. (RU); Krylov I.F. (RU); Rudyak K.B. (RU); Loginov S.A. (RU); Vizhgorodsky B.N. (RU); Melnikov EI (RU); Dolganova V.G. (RU); Fedorova A.V. (RU); Nikitin S.F. (RU); Barsukov A.V. (RU
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Alkor 91" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 107078, Moscow, Choromniy stupik, 2/6, ap. 28, E.A. Nikitina
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.02.19

The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, specifically to an additive intended to improve the lubricating properties of hydrocarbon fuels, in particular diesel fuels. The hydrocarbon fuel additive contains 80 to 99% of a monocarboxylic acid ester and an alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -O-C 2 H 4 -N (R 1 ) R 2 (1), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical, Containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 , R 2 -H, -CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 , -C 2 H 4 OH or -C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; 0.5-19.5% monocarboxylic acid esteramide and alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -N (R1) C2H4O- (O) CR (2), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing From 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 is H, -C 2 H 4 OH or C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; 0.5-2% of a monocarboxylic acid amide and an alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -N- (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (3), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 - H, RC (O) - or - C 2 H 4 OH; R 2 is H or -C 2 H 4 OH. The additive allows to receive environmentally friendly fuels with low sulfur content and possessing high anti-wear properties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of refining and petrochemistry, specifically to an additive intended to improve the lubricity properties of hydrocarbon fuels, in particular diesel fuels.

It is known that when the sulfur content of hydrocarbon fuels, particularly diesel, is reduced, their lubricating properties are significantly impaired, and additives are required to be added to these fuels.

There are no domestic anti-wear additives used in motor fuels. In reactive fuels, an additive K is introduced for these purposes, which is naphthenic acids released from the oils of the Baku fields. Among import additives are admitted such as Hitec-586 (for jet fuels) and Paradine-665 (for diesel fuels).

(AM Danilov, "The use of additives in fuels for automobiles", Moscow, Chemistry, 2000, p.172-175).

From the patent documentation, it is known that to improve the anti-wear properties of hydrocarbon fuels, for example diesel, monohydric C 1 -C 5 alkanols and an effective amount of a primary normal aliphatic amine RNH 2 , where RC 8 -C 50 is alkyl or alkenyl, are introduced. (U.S. Patent No. 4,208,190, C 10 L 1/18, 1/22, 1980); The reaction product of maleic acid and 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4, -triazole in an amount of 0.001-2% (US Patent No. 4,880,437, C 10 L 1/10, 1989); A reaction product of a t-aminoalkanol, for example triethanolamine with a compound of the formula R (OH) x , where R is an aliphatic radical, x 1. (U.S. Patent No. 4,599,090, C 10 L 1/22, 1986)

It is also known to use anti-wear additives for diesel fuels that are one or more esters of monocarboxylic acid and mono- or polyhydroxy alcohol (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 21161640, C 10 L 1/18, 2001); A mixture of ethers: a) an ester of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol; and b) an ester of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups, the esters (a) and (b) being different (RF patent No. 2158750, C 10 L 1/18, 2000); Or a) a paraffin dispersant, an acylated nitrogen compound and a carboxylic acid, or a monocarboxylic acid or a monocarboxylic acid ester and an alcohol, wherein the acid contains 2 to 50 carbon atoms and the alcohol contains one or more carbon atoms (RF Patent No. 2163251, C10 L 1/18, 1/22, 2001).

All the proposed additives, as a component providing lubricity, contain esters of polyhydric alcohols, in particular glycerol, which is an expensive scarce product. In addition, some of the proposed additives have poor compatibility with engine oils.

The antifreeze additive to fuel, which is a mixture containing 5-25 wt.%, Is the closest to the claimed and achieved result. A glycerol monoester of R 1 -C (O) -O-CH 2 -CHO-CH 2 OH or R 1 -C (O) -OCH (CH 2 OH) 2 , wherein R 1 is an alkyl chain containing from 8 to 24 Carbon atoms, or a mono- or polycyclic group containing from 8 to 60 carbon atoms; 35-75% wt. Compounds of the formula R 2 -C (O) -X, wherein R 2 is a linear or weakly branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a hydrocarbon radical of C 1 -C 8 optionally substituted with one or more Ester groups, or derivatives of primary or secondary amines and alkanolamines of an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and 0.1-20% by weight. A diester of glycerol. To produce these components, natural acids of plant or animal origin are used. (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2167919, C 10 L 1/22, 2001)

The disadvantages of the known additive are low anti-wear properties, and the use of expensive expensive products: glycerin and carboxylic acids of vegetable or animal origin.

The object of the invention is to develop an additive for a low-sulfur hydrocarbon fuel based on available petroleum or synthetic products providing high anti-wear properties and having good compatibility with engine oil.

To solve the problem, an additive is proposed for hydrocarbon fuels based on organic acid esters, which differs from the known ones in that it contains 80-99% A monocarboxylic acid ester and an alkylolamine of formula R-C (O) -O-C 2 H 4 -N (R 1 ) R 2 (1), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms , R 1 , R 2 -H, -CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 , -C 2 H 4 OH or C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; 0.5-19.5% by weight. Esteramide monocarboxylic acid and alkyl amine of formula RC (O) -N (R1) C2H4O- (O) CR (2), where R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 - H, -C 2 H 4 OH or -C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; And 0.5-2% by weight. Amide monocarboxylic acid and alkyl amine of the formula RC (O) -N- (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (3), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 -H, C 2 H 4 OH or -C (O) -R, R 2 -H or -C 2 H 4 OH.

The proposed combination of components taken in the claimed ratio is new and allows to obtain an effective anti-wear additive to hydrocarbon fuels, in addition, having good compatibility with engine oils. All products used to produce the components of the proposed additive are not deficient, since their release is mastered on an industrial scale.

To obtain the products used as components of the proposed additive, such alkyl amines as: methyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine can be taken. As acids, petroleum acids can be used: distilled naphthenic acids with an acid number of 200-270 mg KOH / 1 g (DNA), asidols or synthetic acids: higher isomeric acids with a molecular weight of 250-450 (VIC), oleic acid (OK ) and others.

Esters, ethers and amides of formulas 1, 2 and 3 are prepared by known methods: by esterification, transesterification or condensation. The proposed additive can be obtained by mixing the constituent components of it: esters, ethers and amides of monocarboxylic acid and alkyl amine in the claimed ratio, or directly by condensation of a mixture of monocarboxylic acids and a mixture of alkyl amines taken in proportions providing an additive of the claimed composition.

To illustrate the claimed technical solution, 5 additive samples were prepared, the composition and characteristics of which are given in Tables 1 and 2.

The prepared samples were tested in low-sulfur diesel fuel, the sulfur content of which was 0.034%. The anti-wear properties of the additive samples were evaluated using the ISO 12156 method on the HFRR. The results of the tests are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from the presented data, the addition of the proposed additive to low-sulfur diesel fuel in a concentration of 0.01-0.02% Significantly improves its lubricity.

The compatibility of the engine oil additive (SAE 15 w-40cF-4 / SF) was evaluated using the DGMK 531 1-A method. Table 4 shows the results of the oil compatibility assessment for the additive sample of Example 4. The data presented show that the proposed additive is compatible with engine oil. Other additive samples give similar results.

In addition to diesel fuels, the proposed additive can be used to improve the lubricating properties of other hydrocarbon fuels, for example, marine low-viscosity, jet, etc.

The use of the proposed additive will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly hydrocarbon fuels with low sulfur content, which have high anti-wear properties.

CLAIM

A hydrocarbon fuel additive based on organic acid esters, characterized in that it contains 80 to 99% by weight of a monocarboxylic acid ester and an alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -O-C 2 H 4 -N (R 1 ) R 2 ( 1), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 , R 2 is H, -CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 , -C 2 H 4 OH or -C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; 0.5-19.5% by weight of a monocarboxylic acid esteramide and an alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -N (R1) C2H4O- (O) CR (2), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical , Containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, R 1 -H, -C 2 H 4 OH or C 2 H 4 O (O) -CR; 0.5-2% by weight of a monocarboxylic acid amide and an alkylolamine of the formula RC (O) -N- (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (3), wherein R is an isoparaffinic, olefinic or alkylcycloparaffinic hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 30 atoms Carbon, R 1 -H, -C (O) -R, -C 2 H 4 OH; R 2 -H or -C 2 H 4 OH.

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Published on January 14, 2007