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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2132359
MULTI additives to produce motor gasoline
Name of the inventor: AN Utrobin .; Mitin NA .; Emelyanov VE .; Simonenko LS .; Skvortsov VN
The name of the patentee: Simonenko Ludmila
Address for correspondence: 115404, Moscow, ul.Lipetskaya, 6, building 1, kv.32, Simonenko LS
Starting date of the patent: 1998.09.08
Describes multifunctional additive for motor gasoline based on N-methylaniline, ferrocene and antioxidant, wherein further comprising aniline detergent "Automag" aliphatic and C 1 - C 5 alcohols, linear or branched, or their mixtures and / or simple esters of the formula R - O - R 1, where R = C 1 - C 3 - primary or secondary alkyl, R 3 = C 1 - C 5 alkyl, linear or branched, or mixtures thereof, having the following composition, wt.%: ferrocene - 0.05 - 3.0 antioxidant - 0.1 - 0.2, aniline - 0.1 - 10.0 additive "Automag" - not more than 6.0 aliphatic C 1 - C 5 alcohols normal or branched or a mixture thereof, and / or ethers of these alcohols, or mixtures thereof - not more than 95,0, N-methyl aniline - 4.0 - 98.0. The additive is designed for use in automotive gasoline at a concentration of 0.2 - 20.0 wt.%. The technical result - a multifunctional additive for motor gasoline, improves their operational properties, having high detonation efficiency, reduces the content of toxic components in the exhaust gases.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the composition of multifunctional additives for motor gasoline, improves its anti-knock, operational and environmental properties.
The need to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere from the exhaust gases of motor transport leads to tightening environmental requirements for motor fuels. In particular this applies to limit the use of lead additives and replace them with less toxic oktanpovyshayuschimi additives.
Antiknock additive known [1] to liquid hydrocarbon fuels based on 1,1-dietilferrotsena, antioxidant (4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and N-methylaniline. When added to the fuel concentration of the components are, respectively, by weight. %: 0.005 - 0.05: 0.00001 - 0.00002 and 0.1 - 1.0. The disadvantage of this is the use of additives is much more expensive than the ferrocene, and the less effective the alkyl-substituted ferrocene, collapsing under the action of light. The latter fact makes it difficult to store and use gasoline containing it. Additionally, this additive does not contain a detergent builder, enhancing performance and environmental properties of gasoline / RF 2066341, 10.09.98 /.
More similar in composition to the proposed additive to gasoline is multifunctional additive [2] on the basis of N-methylaniline stabilized shielded alkylphenols, with the addition of propoxylated fatty alcohol C 6 -C 16 with a molecular weight of 300 - 2000 (5,0-15%), and ferrocene (5,0-15,0%) (prototype) / RF 2057789, 10.04.96 /.
The disadvantage of this additive is very high content of ferrocene, which may cause increased wear of the engine cylinder group. The presence of iron in a concentration of 0.2 g / kg fuel wear is about 3 times higher than in the absence of iron-containing additive [3]. At low concentrations of additives (0.3% by volume of fuel) without causing increased engine wear, do not use the potential of detonation properties of N-methylaniline and detonation resistance is not high: increase the octane number of 3 units for motor method / "Chemistry and Technology fuels and oils "1993, N 6, p.3 /.
Known application recommendations N-methylaniline at concentrations up to 2% [4]. When used in this concentration N-methylaniline not cause an increase of toxic nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of the engine, but leads to increased formation of the fuel system deposits. The use of detergents in these conditions will prevent the formation of deposits in the engine fuel supply system and thus contribute to its performance properties. It is possible to limit the expansion of the concentration using N-methylaniline /M.O. Lerner "Chemical regulators of motor fuel combustion", M., "Chemistry", 1979, p. 158 /.
Improving the design and use of engine exhaust gas catalytic converters, and opens the possibility to use N-methylaniline in higher concentrations.
To create multifunctional additives and octane gasoline component capable of improving their detonation efficiency, performance characteristics and to reduce the content of toxic components in the exhaust gas, it is proposed additive for gasolines based on N-methylaniline, antioxidant and ferrocene adding aniline detergent "Automag" aliphatic and C 1 -C 5 straight or branched chain alcohols or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers of the formula ROR 1 (formula 1) wherein R = C 1 -C 3 alkyl, primary or secondary, R 1 = C 3 - C 5 alkyl, linear or branched, or their mixture with the following ratio of components, wt.%:
- Ferrocene - 0.05 - 3.0
- Antioxidant - 0.1-0.2
- Aniline - 0.1-10.0
- Additive "Automag" - not more than 6,0
- Aliphatic C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alcohols, or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers of formula 1 or a mixture thereof - not more than 95.0
- N-methylaniline - 4.0 - 98.0
Reduction of ferrocene in the present composition compared to the prototype can improve its antiknock efficiency through better use of the potential anti-knock properties of N-methylaniline and the introduction of an additional component oktanpovyshayuschego: alcohols and / or esters of said structure. When using a concentration at which the iron content in the fuel causes increased wear of the cylinder-piston group, the proposed compound has a higher anti-knock performance in comparison with the prototype.
Introduction of aniline in the proposed composition promotes more uniform additive antiknock boiling and thereby increases the stability of the engine.
The N-methylaniline as a proposed composition may be used, for example, N-methylaniline or TU 6-14-375 Technical N-methylaniline TU 6-02-571 containing in its composition aniline to 7%.
As the antioxidants used in the present composition shielded alkyl phenols, e.g., 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol sold under the trade names Agidol 1, ionol and 12 TU Agidol 38.302-16-371 or fenolaminy such as para-oksidifenilamin having the trade name Antioxidant PODFA.
Additive "Automag" [5] is the industrial development of the product sold by TU 38.401-867. She has a high level of cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing properties and reduces the amount of toxic components in the exhaust gas / RF 2009174, 03.15.94 /.
The proposed multi-functional additive in the composition of which does not include the component containing said alcohols, ethers or mixtures thereof, is introduced into the motor gasoline in a concentration of 0.2 - 2.5 wt%.
To enhance cleaning, anti-knock properties of gasoline and operating the proposed composition may contain aliphatic C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alcohols, or mixtures thereof, or ethers of formula 1, or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of alcohols and esters. As alcohols can be used, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, sec-amyl, iso- and tert-butyl alcohols.
As preferred ethers: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tertiary-amyl ether (MTAE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE). As a mixture of alcohols and ethers can be used, for example, a mixture of MTBE from t-butyl alcohol, produced according to TU 2421-009-04749189.
When used in the proposed composition of said alcohols, ethers, and mixtures thereof is introduced into it at a concentration of gasoline 0.2 - 20% by weight.
When using the proposed composition for producing high-octane gasoline is possible to reduce the content of aromatic hydrocarbons and thus reduce the amount of toxic hydrocarbons (including itself a toxic benz -pirena) in exhaust gases. Simultaneously with the decrease of content of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline composition decrease its detergency. The use of detergents in these cases, it becomes very important.
Using the present composition, not containing the detergent components (additives "Automag", alcohols, ethers), advantageously in gasolines containing components having detergency or other detergents. In all other cases, the introduction of components having detergent properties, will increase the performance characteristics of gasoline and reduce the concentration of toxic components in the exhaust gases.
The use of detergents in the composition of the mixture antiknock N-methylaniline and ferrocene is known.
Introduction into proposed detergent composition "Automag" mentioned alcohols, ethers and mixtures thereof improves its stability at low temperatures to prevent the crystallization of the components having a relatively high crystallization temperature, such as aniline or the water falling in the gasoline.
The proposed composition may be prepared by sequentially mixing the constituent components in a kneader at 10-35 o C.
Table 1 shows examples of compounds proposed additives and components for motor gasoline (Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and their test results. In Examples 1 and 8 are compositions, the concentration of the components that go beyond the claimed.
Increase the octane number was determined on setting FMP-86 according to GOST 511 by the motor method. The base used straight gasoline with an octane rating of 67.1 unit.
The test results show that the proposed additive and has a high chemical stability and low-temperature detergency and anti-knock exceeds the prototype in efficiency when the concentration of iron in the gasoline without causing increased engine wear.
Evaluation of toxicity of exhaust gases when operating on gasoline A-76 with the addition of 2% by weight. Sample 4 or 10% wt. Sample 2 of the proposed multi-functional additives carried out on the engine ZMZ-53 (GAZ) in driving cycle. The results showed decreased emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by 26% and 32%, nitrogen oxides (NO x) by 5% and 7%, hydrocarbons (CH) - 8% and 12% respectively.
During the test cycle of 20 hours the number of intake valve deposits respectively decreased by 60% and 66% compared to the unleaded petrol under GOST 2084 without supplements.
Deicing effectiveness of the proposed composition (samples 2, 4, 7) is estimated by the Interdepartmental motor on single-cylinder installation FMP-65. By administering the test results of 10.0, 1.0 and 0.2% in the composition of the proposed introduction of fuel equivalent of 10.0, 1.0 and 0.2% isopropyl alcohol.
Proposed structure of the multifunctional additive component for motor gasoline antiknock has high efficiency, detergents, anti-freeze properties at low temperatures resistance, chemical resistance, reduces the amount of deposits in the fuel delivery system and content of toxic components in the exhaust gases.
CLAIM
1. Multifunctional additive for motor gasoline based on N-methylaniline, ferrocene and antioxidant, wherein further comprising aniline detergent "Automag" aliphatic and C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alcohols, or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers of the formula ROR 1, where R = C 1 -C 3 primary or secondary alkyl, R 3 = C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alkyl or mixtures thereof, with the following component ratio, wt.%:
- Ferrocene - 0.05 - 3.0
- Antioxidant - 0.1 - 0.2
- Aniline - 0.1 - 10.0
- Additive "Automag" - not more than 6,0
- Aliphatic C 1 -C 5 linear or branched alcohols, or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers or mixtures thereof - not more than 95.0
- N-methylaniline - 4.0 - 98.0
2. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the antioxidant used as shielded alkylphenols, preferably 4-methyl-2,6-di-tretbutilfenol or fenolaminy preferably para-oksidifenilamin.
3. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that introduced into the motor gasoline in a concentration of 0.2 - 20.0 wt.%.
print version
Publication date 07.04.2007gg
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