Start of section Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining	Stealth Master Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions	Secrets of the cosmos Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2286379

METHOD OF INCREASING THE OCTAN NUMBER OF PETROLS

The name of the inventor: Denisov Andrey Gennadievich (RU); Zubarev Alexander Nikolaevich (RU); Gryadnov Alexander Viktorovich
The name of the patent holder: Denisov Andrey Gennadievich (RU); Zubarev Alexander Nikolaevich (RU); Gryadnov Alexander Viktorovich
Address for correspondence: 123100, Moscow, Shmitovsky Prospect, 17, ap. 16, A.N. Zubarev
Date of the beginning of the patent: 2004.09.15

The invention relates to the oil refining industry and can be used to increase the detonation resistance of motor fuels, in particular gasolines. The method involves exposing the gasoline stream first to a laser radiation whose radiation is modulated by the first chiral object. Then, gasoline is accelerated before it enters the working area of ​​the second chiral object, in which gasoline is exposed to its own spontaneous emission, transformed by a second chiral object at frequencies corresponding to the resonance absorption of gasoline, and, getting back into the gasoline stream, causes a molecular transformation of gasoline, changing the chemical composition of gasoline . This provides isomerization and, by increasing the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons, thereby increases the octane number. The process is carried out at room temperature, which reduces the necessary equipment and energy costs. The speed of the refining process depends solely on the time of molecular transformations taking place in gasoline, in addition, the performance of gasolines is improved and the control and management of the process is simplified.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the oil refining industry and can be used to increase the detonation resistance of motor fuels.

It is known that the more branched the structure of hydrocarbons in gasolines and the more cyclic compounds in them, the higher their detonation resistance, which is characterized by the octane number - by comparison with the characteristics of the reference liquid, a mixture of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with n-heptane .

Traditional ways to increase detonation resistance (catalytic reforming) [1] require either cumbersome and expensive equipment, or the presence of additives, which determines the increased cost of high-octane fuels, compared with low-octane fuels.

Known is the method [2] for treating petroleum and petroleum products, consisting in the impact on oil products by an ultrasonic field (frequency ~ 1 MHz), power from 0.1 to 150 KW / cm ² . Such an effect is created by the absorption of heat at the points of pressure increase during the propagation of a wave of an elevated temperature zone in which the shortening of the hydrocarbon chains may occur in comparison with the sound velocity due to a lower thermal conductivity. Such changes in the hydrocarbon composition can, in principle, lead to an increase in detonation resistance, but the process is poorly controlled and, basically, still leads to a decrease in the viscosity of oil and petroleum products. In addition, prolonged use of an ultrasonic generator with such output power will almost certainly lead to the failure of the associated equipment and is unsafe for the personnel.

A method is also known [3] for increasing the octane number of straight-run gasolines, consisting in the effect of stepwise cavitation on gasoline with an aqueous solution of alcohol. The principle of increasing the octane number is similar to the previous example - local heating, only the source of local temperature increase is cavitation. The ultrasonic effect on gasoline with an aqueous solution of alcohol leads to cavitation bubbles, within which pyrolytic reactions can occur at high pressures and temperatures. The authors propose to control the process by changing the ultrasonic field, but do not give data on the results of such regulation, as, however, and the results of using this method. In addition, the method involves a rather cumbersome scheme of operation, including recuperative heat exchangers, refrigerators, ejectors and separators. Actually, the cavitator represents an ultrasonic generator in which ultrasound is created due to ultra-high rotational speeds of a centrifugal pump with special nozzles, which requires special attention and precautions, which significantly hamper the control of the process of changing the generation of the cavitation regime. In addition, all of the mentioned methods require significant energy inputs for the production of a unit of production, which does not lead to an increase in their competitiveness in comparison with traditional ones.

The proposed method of increasing the octane number eliminates the above disadvantages and is aimed at reducing costs and improving the efficiency of refining gasoline. The proposed method for increasing the detonation resistance of fuels is based on the effect on the fuel of its own spontaneous electromagnetic radiation, transformed in a chiral medium with preliminary illumination by a low-power laser (L = 890 nm, P = 1 Wt) in the circuit of Fig. Such treatment initiates, due to resonant intercombination absorption, the processes of spin catalysis of hydrocarbon reactions similar to those occurring in catalytic reforming. However, the entire process takes place at room temperature. The detonation resistance is increased by ten or more units. The device implementing the proposed method is an optical system of cascade type. Each cascade is a chiral object, based on optical chiral assemblies, similar to those described in [4]. Lightguide assemblies and quasifractal diffusers, which form the basis of the device of chiral systems, possess the properties of a photonic crystal. A feature of such objects is the ability to change the physicochemical properties of the liquid being treated while passing the latter through the object.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cascade for implementing the method. FIG.

FIG. 2 shows the characteristic composition of aromatics before the treatment of gasoline according to optical chromatography in the UV range.

Chromatogram of the original gasoline AI-80. 1-bezol, 2-toluene, 5-m- and -n-xylenes, 7,8,9-methyl-ethylbenzenes. Table of peaks:

FIG. 3 shows characteristic changes in the hydrocarbon composition after treatment according to optical chromatography in the UV range.

Chromatogram of sample 2. 1-bezol, 2-toluene, 5-m- and -n-xylenes, 7,8,9-methyl-ethylbenzenes. Peak table

The octane chyl in m-, n-xylenes is 97 + -2

4 - Table 3 - fragments of comparative gas chromatography data before and after treatment.

The method is carried out as follows

Low-octane gasoline 4 from the tank 8 is run by a pump (not shown in Fig. 1) along the quartz tube 7. Before entering directly into the working area of ​​the chiral object, a run through the pipe section is carried out, which is illuminated by the radiation of a low-power laser 1 operating in the infrared range, The radiation of which is passed through a specially prepared chiral object 2 to create a polarization grating, providing pumping of the vibrational transitions in the liquid. Further, gasoline is run under acceleration through the chiral object 6, which provides electronic transitions in the visible and UV regions to initiate spin catalysis. In order to increase the processing area, the liquid is run in sprayed form. The processed gasoline 5 is sent to the storage tank 3 and to the recovery (not shown in FIG. 1).

The degree of impact can be drawn from the following qualitative estimates. The radiation incident to the chiral object at room temperature has a maximum of intensity at frequencies of ~10 ¹³ Hz, the total power of the order of a microwatt. In the same frequency range are the resonant frequency characteristics of the material of the chiral object. By virtue of the Foersterling effect [5], a polarization current is induced in the chiral object, resulting in the appearance of an alternating magnetic field of low intensity (about ~ 1 mA / m). Due to the fact that the chiral object is a polarization filter in this frequency range, only the radiation of one polarization gets into the liquid, and this results in the absorption of a photon with a certain helicity to the spin of the electron absorbed by the photon participating in the formation of a covalent bond, due to a strong Coulomb correlation Spatial rearrangement of the electron density, which, in turn, leads to molecular rearrangement. The speed of such processing is determined only by the time of molecular rearrangement, which is on the order of 10 ^-7 to ⁹ s, the processing depth is limited by the intensity of spontaneous emission in the required range, so for cyclic processing or duplication of identical cascades is required.

To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed method, experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, which confirmed the operability of the method.

Example 1

As an initial product, gasoline Ai-80 of Ryazan NP3 was taken. Changes in the octane number were controlled by the express analyzer Octanometer EP7300 [6]. The subsequent chromatographic study confirmed the change in the chemical composition of FIG. 2 (before the treatment) and FIG. 3 (after treatment): the amount of branched aromatic is increased, the aromatic portion decreases due to a change in the hydrocarbon composition-a sharp increase in the fraction of branched alkanes and alkenes occurs; 4 - in Table 3, where fragments of gas chromatography data are presented.

In the proposed method, as compared to the prototype, energy-intensive equipment is not used, the process occurs at room temperature, it is much easier to control and control the process by means of the ability to integrate the express octane number analyzer directly into the pipeline supplying processed gasoline to the storage tank.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Handbook of the oil refiner / Ed. G.A.Lastovkina and others -L .: Chemistry, 1986, p.106-135.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2149886, C 10 G 32/00.

3. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2186825, C 10 G 15/00, 32/00 is a prototype.

4. Physics-Uspekhi, Vol. 167, No. 11, Chiral electrodynamic objects. BZKatsenelenbaum, E.N. Korshunova, A.I.Sivov, A.D.Satrov.

5. L.D. Landau, E.M. Livshits. Electrodynamics of continuous media. P.423.

6. The octane number meter "Octanometer" PE-7300, Head. № 2443, TU.

CLAIM

1. A method for increasing the octane number of gasolines, comprising: exposing the gasoline to an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the gasoline stream is first exposed to a laser radiation whose radiation is modulated by the first chiral object, then gasoline is accelerated before entering the working region of the second chiral object in which gasoline is subjected The effect of intrinsic spontaneous radiation, which is converted by a second chiral object at frequencies corresponding to the resonance absorption of gasoline, and, getting back into the gasoline stream, causes a molecular transformation of gasoline, changing the chemical composition of gasoline, providing isomerization and increasing the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons, thereby increasing the octane number.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gasoline is run in sprayed form.

print version
Date of publication 07.04.2007gg

NEW ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS
	The technology of manufacturing universal couplings for unbreakable, threadless, flossless connection of pipe sections in high pressure pipelines (video is available )
	Technology of oil and oil products cleaning
	On the possibility of moving a closed mechanical system at the expense of internal forces
	Fluorescence in thin dielectric channels
	The relationship between quantum and classical mechanics
	Millimeter waves in medicine. A New Look. MMV therapy
	Magnetic engine
	Heat source based on pump units