section Home
Production, Amateur
Radio amateur
Model aircraft, rocket-
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
invention 		space Mystery
Earth Mysteries
Secrets of the Ocean
Stealth
section Map
Start
Forum
Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks)
INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2256695

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL (OPTIONS)

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL (OPTIONS)

Name of the inventor: Zhirnokleev IA (RU); Sidorov VV (RU); Gorlov EG
The name of the patentee: Zhirnokleev Igor (RU); Viktor Sidorov
Address for correspondence: 121165, Moscow G-165, P / 15, "PPF-Eustis"
Starting date of the patent: 2004.02.24

The present invention relates to the production of water-fuel emulsions for various purposes with the disposal of industrial waste, but also oil residues, hydrocarbon components and water-based ingredients (oil-contaminated water, waste coolant -. Coolants, etc.) and can be used for the processing and use waste liquid and thickened hydrocarbons (oil, fuel oil, diesel fuel, vegetable and mineral oils, oil sludge, oil sludge, waxes, asphaltenes, etc.). A method of producing a fuel oil residues and the hydrocarbon component is a heater, cleaned from mechanical impurities, followed by mixing in the turbulent regime in such a way that the hydrocarbon component has been distributed in the volume of oil residue on the uniformity factor of at least 0.5. At this temperature the oil residue and mixing the hydrocarbon component differ from each other by not more than 10 ° C. The product mix is ​​then homogenized in a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum particle size of the disperse phase does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 microns. Then the homogenized mixture is introduced volume water or water-containing component in the turbulent regime to their distribution in a volume of mixture at homogeneity factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 10 ° C, homogenizing in mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum size of water particles in annual fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 microns. The total water content of the fuel may vary in the range of 5-60%. The water can be used as oily water, energy-water drains, waste emulsion, the process water. Is described and a method of producing a fuel of distillate fractions boiling at 180 ° C and above, by heating them, purification from mechanical impurities, mixing and homogenization in the turbulent regime, consisting in the fact that the scope of the homogenized mixture is introduced into component comprising water and surfactant -active substance in a turbulent flow with water in a volume of distribution of mixture homogeneity by a factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 100 ° C, followed by homogenisation in a mechanical rotary disperser so that maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-10 microns. As component comprising water and a surfactant is used the spent metalworking fluid. The invention allows to obtain fuels with a high water content (up to 70%) and its high degree of dispersion, thus having high stability.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the production of water-fuel emulsions for various purposes with the disposal of industrial waste, but also oil residues, hydrocarbon components and water-based ingredients (oil-contaminated water, waste coolant -. Coolants, etc.) and can be used for the processing and use waste liquid and thickened hydrocarbons (oil, fuel oil, diesel fuel, vegetable and mineral oils, oil sludge, oil sludge, waxes, asphaltenes, etc.).

A method of obtaining water-fuel emulsions by use of processing and waste hydrocarbons, comprising heating the waste, adding water, mixing the waste with a heavy fuel oil, dispersing the resulting mixture to form the water-fuel emulsion, and feeding the water-emulsion fuel combustion. Reheating is performed waste hydrocarbons to a temperature 20-90 ° C with addition or without addition of water, mixing hydrocarbon fuel with waste dispersion and this mixture is performed simultaneously in pulsating rotary mixer-homogenizer working gap of 50-250 microns and a shear rate of at least 10 m / s, providing a supply of hydrocarbon fuel and waste in a homomixer at a ratio of 1: 1.15: 1.5.

The process of homogenization is controlled either by using a measuring microscope on samples of water-fuel emulsions, either visually by type flame burning at the size of the dispersed phase particles in samples of water-fuel emulsions more than 10 microns, or with decreasing brightness, and transparency of the combustion flame glow and when a soot the rear part of the flame combustion increases the number of part of the water-fuel emulsion motor-homogenizer mixer rPM or fed from the output-homogenizer mixer at its input, or increase the flow of fuel in a homomixer, or reduce the flow at its entrance hydrocarbon waste (RU 2204761, 20.05. 2003).

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of a significant content of the final products of unwanted impurities that negatively affect their quality.

A method of producing fuel oil by mixing the waste with water or water-containing oil component and the residue of homogenization, the waste oil is previously subjected to mechanical processing (RU 2150489, 10.06.2000, C 10 L 1/32).

A method of producing a mixture of fuel oil residues and their hydrocarbon components by heating, removal of solids and subsequent mixing in the turbulent regime (PL 131427, C 10 L 1/04, 30.12.1985).

However, this method does not provide the opportunity to obtain fuels with a high water content, having high resistance to delamination.

A method of producing fuel mixing distillate fractions boiling above 180 ° C, water (20%) with subsequent homogenization in the turbulent regime in the rotary-mechanical disperser (US 4394131, C 10 L 1/32, 19.07.1983).

The object of this invention is to obtain fuels with a high water content (up to 70%) and its high degree of dispersion, thus having high stability.

This object is achieved by a method of producing a fuel oil residues and hydrocarbon component by heating them, by mechanical treatment impurities in the subsequent mixing turbulent flow so that the hydrocarbon component has been distributed in the volume of oil residue on the uniformity factor of at least 0.5. At this temperature the oil residue and mixing the hydrocarbon component differ from each other by not more than 10 ° C. The product mix is ​​then homogenized in a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum particle size of the disperse phase does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 microns followed by addition of water to the volume of the homogenized mixture, or a water-containing component in a turbulent flow with a distribution in volume of the mixture at uniformity factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 10 ° C, homogenisation, preferably in a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum particle size of water in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1 -15 microns.

The viscosity of the resulting fuel is desirably adjusted in the first step by mixing the oil component and a hydrocarbon residue, and in the second step by adding water.

The water can be used as oily water, energy-water drains, waste cutting oil, water and other technical.

In the case of oil flooded containing more than 2% by weight. water, it is recommended to be subjected to the turbulent regime coarse homogenization in a pipeline to volume average particle size of 50-100 microns water and then disperse only to an average particle size of 1-15 microns water.

As oil residue fuel oil grades can be used M-40, M-100, F-5, F-12, long-term storage fuel oil, waste oils, etc.

As the hydrocarbon components can be used off-grade diesel fuel, kerosene, naphtha, etc.

Another embodiment of the method of producing a fuel is used as a starting material for its production of distillate fractions boiling at 180 ° C and above, by heating them, purification from mechanical impurities, adding a water-containing component mixing and homogenising in the turbulent regime, and as the water-containing component use component further comprising a surfactant, and mixing with water are distributed in the mixture at a uniformity factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 10 ° C, followed by homogenization, preferably a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-10 microns.

As component comprising water and a surfactant, preferably use the spent metalworking fluid.

The process is carried out as follows:

Oil residues, waste oil, hydrocarbon components, water or water-containing components separately subjected to pre-training, comprising heating to a desired temperature (40-120 ° C), and the flow temperature should be different from each other by not more than 10 ° C, and filtering from mechanical impurities. Then, petroleum residues obtained desired quality hydrocarbon component, as and when required and waste oils are metered in necessary quantities and is fed into the assembly preparation of raw mix for the subsequent mixing in the turbulent regime in such a way that the hydrocarbon component has been distributed in the volume of residual oil by a factor of homogeneity at least 0.5 (optimally at least 0.85). At this temperature the oil residue and mixing the hydrocarbon component differ from each other by not more than 10 ° C. The product mix is ​​then homogenized in a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum particle size of the disperse phase does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 micrometers (optimally 3-10 microns).

Prepared in this step the homogenized mixture is heated and a water or water-containing component is introduced into the mixing and homogenization unit, wherein the distribution occurs in the turbulent regime in the bulk of the mixture at homogeneity factor of at least 0.5 (optimally at least 0.85) and at a temperature streams differing from each other by not more than 10 ° C, and homogenizing in mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 micrometers (optimally 3-10 microns).

The result is a composite water-residual fuel oil (KVMT), in the case of adding to the water-based products petroleum residues of water-residual fuel oil (TDC), which can be used, for example, as a boiler, furnace, ship and other fuels.

In the case of the fuel of the second embodiment taken distillate fractions boiling at 180 ° C and above, is heated to a temperature of 40-120 ° C, purified from mechanical admixtures, add heated water-containing component, and comprising a surfactant (surface active agents) in particular spent coolant is stirred and homogenised in a turbulent flow, mixing with water are distributed in the mixture at a uniformity factor of at least 0.5 (optimally at least 0.85) and flow at temperatures that differ from each other by not more than at 10 ° C, so that the maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-10 microns (6.3 mm optimally) followed by homogenization with a rotary mechanical disperser. The result is based fuel distillate fraction.

The process is illustrated by the following examples:

example 1

Take M-40 fuel oil, waste mineral oil, diesel and substandard process water. Each component individually subjected to heating, filtering and dispensing. Fuel oil, waste oil and diesel, filtered from mechanical impurities and heated to a temperature of about 90 ° C (± 5 ° C) in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1 is fed to the node preparing the raw material mixture wherein they are mixed in a turbulent flow in the distribution waste oil in the amount of oil by a factor of 0.92 uniformity and homogenization in the rotary-mechanical disperser until the maximum particle size of the dispersed phase with 30 micron average size of 3-10 microns. Resulting homogeneous mixture is then fed to a mixing and homogenising unit, and where the coolant is supplied after pretreatment (heating to 90 ° C and filtering) in an amount of 40 wt%. This mixture is homogenized node in mechanical rotary disperser to a maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel at 30 micron average particle size, its uniformity and 3-10 microns factor 0.92.

The result is a highly dispersed KVMT having high stability to phase separation upon prolonged storage (at least 30 days).

example 2

Take watered oil, containing 10% by weight. water. Then, it is subjected to a turbulent regime in the pipeline homogenization coarse screen to an average size of 75 microns of water particles. The hydrocarbon component is used as heavy fuel oil, but as water - oiled water. Then the process is conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, but the homogeneity factor of heavy fuel oil in the fuel oil equal to 0.9 and a temperature of the heating of all components of about 100 ° C (± 5 ° C). The amount of water added in the last mixing and homogenising unit is 30% by weight. to produce an emulsion with water in the fuel uniformity factor equal to 0.9. The result is a highly dispersed TDC having high stability to phase separation upon prolonged storage (50 days).

example 3

Take mazut M-100 and heavy gasoline. Each component individually subjected to heating, filtering and dispensing. Fuel oil and heavy gasoline filtered from mechanical impurities and heated to a temperature of about 50 ° C (± 5 ° C) in a weight ratio of 1: 2 is fed to the node preparing raw mix, where they are mixed in a turbulent flow of gasoline distribution in the volume of oil in homogeneity factor of 0.95 and a homogenization of the rotary-mechanical disperser until the maximum particle size of the dispersed phase with 30 micron average size of 3-10 microns. Resulting homogeneous mixture is then fed to a mixing and homogenising unit, where the water and fed after pretreatment (heating to 50 ° C and filtering) in quantities of 50% by weight. This mixture is homogenized node in mechanical rotary disperser to a maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel at 30 micron average particle size, its uniformity and 3-10 microns factor 0.95. The result is a highly dispersed TDC having high stability to phase separation upon prolonged storage (50 days).

example 4

Take distillate fraction boiling in the range 180-350 ° C and the emulsion containing a surfactant, individually preheated to a temperature of 85 ° C, purified from mechanical admixtures. Then, in the hydrocarbon fraction was added the spent coolant is stirred and homogenised in a turbulent flow, mixing with water are distributed in the mixture at homogeneity factor of 0.87 and a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 10 ° C, followed by homogenization a mechanical rotary disperser so that the maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel is 30 microns with average size of 3-6 microns. The result is a highly dispersed fuel oil having a high stability to phase separation upon prolonged storage (90 days).

Thus, the present invention allows to obtain high quality of valuable products from a cheap raw material.

CLAIM

1. A process for producing fuel oil of hydrocarbon component residues and by heating them, by mechanical treatment and mixing of impurities in the turbulent regime, characterized in that the mixing are such that the hydrocarbon component has been distributed in the volume of residual oil in the uniformity factor of at least 0 5, at temperatures of residual oil blending and hydrocarbon components differing from each other by not more than 10 ° C, followed by homogenization mixing of the product in the rotary-mechanical disperser so that the maximum of the disperse phase particle size not exceeding 50 microns with an average size of 1 -15 microns in volume entering the homogenised mixture of water or water-containing component in a turbulent flow of water to the distribution of particles in the volume of the mixture at homogeneity factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 100 ° C, and homogenizing so that the maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-15 microns.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the resulting fuel is controlled in the first stage by mixing the oil component and a hydrocarbon residue, and in the second step by adding water.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon component as waste oils are used, off-grade diesel fuel, kerosene or naphtha.

4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water or water-containing component is used oiled water, energy-aqueous effluents, spent metalworking fluids, industrial water.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a petroleum residue watered oil, containing more than 2 wt.% Of water, it is subjected to a turbulent regime in the pipeline coarse homogenization volume of water to an average size of particles of 50-100 microns, and only then dispersed to an average particle size of 1-15 microns water.

6. A method of producing distillate fuels fractions boiling at 180 ° C and above, adding a water-containing component mixing and homogenising in the turbulent regime, wherein said distillate fraction and a water-containing component is separately heated and cleaned from mechanical impurities by using as water-containing component, component further comprising a surfactant, and mixing with water are distributed in the mixture at a uniformity factor of at least 0.5 and at a temperature of streams distinguished from each other by not more than 10 ° C, followed by homogenization so that maximum size of water particles in the finished fuel does not exceed 50 microns with an average size of 1-10 microns.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that as component comprising water and a surfactant is used the spent metalworking fluid.

8. A method according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the total water content in the finished fuel is maintained in the range of 5-60%.

9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel component streams heated to temperatures 40-120 ° C.

print version
Publication date 07.04.2007gg