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USEFUL ADDITIVES FOR PETROL AND OTHER MOTOR FUELS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2184138

ADDITIVE TO AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AND FUEL COMPOSITION

ADDITIVE TO AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AND FUEL COMPOSITION

The name of the inventor: Shaihislamov NS; Grokholinsky SA; Loktev EA; Kirichenko A.L.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Company "CHANCE-M"
Address for correspondence: 115404, Moscow, ul. Lipetskaya, 6, building 1, ap. 32, L.S. Simonenko
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.03.13

The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, in particular, to compositions of additives to gasolines. The additive to automobile gasoline contains 0.15-0.25% bicyclopentadienyl iron, up to 100 hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product boiling in the range of 35-200 ° C. The fuel composition based on gasoline contains an additive in an amount of 3-11%. The additive in the composition of gasoline increases its environmental properties and anti-knock properties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, specifically to additive compositions and additive fuels intended for use in spark ignition internal combustion engines.

Refusal to use lead-containing antiknock additives in the composition of motor gasolines in order to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases from road transport leads to the need to replace them with less toxic octane-raising additives.

Oil-soluble organo-organic compounds such as ferrocene and its alkyl derivatives are known to be used as antiknock agents (MO Lerner, "Combustion and Ecology", Moscow, IGP "Context", 1992, pp.166-168; Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2066341, C 10 L 1/18, 1996). Compared to ferrocene, its alkyl derivatives are less effective antiknock agents, have more complex production technology and a high price, and as a result, their use leads to an increase in the price of gasoline. In order to ensure the possibility of using ferrocene in the technology of automobile gasoline production, it is introduced therein as a component in the composition of additives that are homogeneous liquid products.

A fuel additive containing methyl-t-butyl ether, methanol, ethanol, a mixture of C 3 -C 8 alcohols and organometallic compounds such as iron naphthenate, ferrocene, manganese naphthenate, or mixtures thereof are known (Patent PN 108252, C 10 L 1 / 10, 1981). The fuel containing this additive is intended for use in spark-ignition internal combustion engines. This additive contains a large amount of methanol and ethanol and, when used as a fuel, increases their hygroscopicity, reduces storage stability and anti-corrosion properties.

An additive to automobile gasoline based on diethylbicyclopentadienyl iron, containing bicyclopentadienyl iron 1-99.5% by weight, an aromatic amine or a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the range of 100-360 ° C, and a fuel composition based on this additive (Patent RF 2,099,395, C 10 L 1/18, 1/22, 20.12.1997). The drawback of this additive is its low efficiency at low concentrations. An increase in the concentration of the additive in the fuel composition leads to an increase in the content of iron in it and an increase in the wear of fuel equipment.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a fuel composition obtained by introducing into the gasoline 5-15% by weight of an additive based on aliphatic alcohols C 1 -C 5 or mixtures thereof with alcohols C 1 -C 5 with the addition of diethylbicyclopentadienyl iron 0.0005-1 , 0 wt%, bicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene) 0.0005-1.0 wt%, an aromatic amine or a hydrocarbon fraction boiling within the range of 80-360 ° C (Patent of the Russian Federation 2,144,714, C 10 L 1/18, 1998, prototype). The disadvantage of this additive is the use of high-boiling hydrocarbon fraction in its composition, which leads to an increase in the actual tar in gasoline and the discrepancy of gasolines containing this additive with the current normative and technical documentation for the fractional composition index. The high concentration of scarce and costly oxygenates in the composition of this additive contributes to its hygroscopicity, reduction of anticorrosive properties and stability of the storage of additives and gasolines containing it. In addition, the introduction of this additive in the composition of gasoline leads to an increase in the price of gasoline due to the use of expensive diethylbicyclopentadienyl iron.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an additive for automobile gasoline having high antiknock detonation properties, the use of which does not lead to an increase in the price of gasoline and a fuel composition containing this additive.

In order to achieve the above object, there is provided an additive to automobile gasoline based on a hydrocarbon fraction containing bicyclopentadienyl iron which contains, as the hydrocarbon fraction, a hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product boiling in the range of 35-200 ° C., with the following component ratio, by weight:

  • Bicyclopentadienyl iron 0.15-0.25
  • Hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product boiling in the range of 35-200 ° C - Up to 100

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines based on gasoline with addition of 3-11% by weight of an additive of the said composition is also proposed.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution is the use, in the composition of the additive as a hydrocarbon fraction of a hydrogenated liquid product, of pyrolysis boiling in the range of 35-200 ° C., at the indicated ratio of components.

The hydrogenated liquid product of pyrolysis, boiling within the range of 35-200 o C, in the composition of the proposed additive serves as an antiknock agent and a solvent for bicyclopentadienyl iron. The good solubility of bicyclopentadienyl iron in it ensures high stability of the proposed additive at low temperatures in storage and transport conditions.

The proposed additive has high anti-knock properties and can be used in gasolines in concentrations up to 11%. At the same time, the iron content in the fuel remains within the normal range, which does not cause increased engine wear.

The addition of the additive of the proposed composition to gasoline does not lead to an increase in their actual resins, and the quality of gasoline is fully consistent with the current normative and technical documentation for the indicator - fractional composition. This is achieved by the fact that the hydrocarbon fraction used in the proposed composition has a boiling point corresponding to the norms of the current normative and technical documentation for gasoline, which is lower than the prototype.

The technology of production of the proposed additive is less energy-intensive in comparison with the prototype. The technological process of its production consists in mixing components in a mixer of any type at a temperature of 10-20 o C. The prepared additive is introduced into gasoline with stirring without additional heating.

Bicyclopentadienyl iron (ferrocene) can be used in the composition of the proposed additive as a crystalline product of orange color with a melting point of 173-175 ° C according to TU-6-02-964.

As the hydrogenated liquid product of pyrolysis, the hydrocarbon fraction of the hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product of the straight-run fraction of gasoline is used according to TU38.402-62-130, having the following quality indicators:

  • The content of aromatic hydrocarbons is 50-90% by weight,
  • Mass fraction of water not more than 0.1%,
  • Density at 20 ° C is not less than 0.790 g / cm 3 ,
  • The boiling point is not lower than 35 ° C,
  • The temperature of the end of boiling is not higher than 200 ° C,
  • Mass fraction of total sulfur,%, not more than 0,05.

If it is necessary to increase the detergent properties of gasoline, the proposed additive can be used in the composition of gasolines together with a detergent additive of any type.

The composition and properties of the samples of the proposed additive prepared for testing are given in Table 1. The test results of the samples of the proposed additive show that it has high chemical stability and maintains uniformity at low temperatures (up to minus 50 o C). The addition of the proposed composition is superior to the prototype for stability at low temperatures. The low solubility of bicyclopentadienyl iron in esters of aliphatic alcohols C 1 -C 5 or their mixtures with alcohols C 1 -C 5 leads to instability of the prototype at temperatures below minus 10-15 ° C. The proposed additive has higher anticorrosion properties than the prototype. When tested in accordance with GOST 18597 weight loss of metal in gasoline A-76 with the addition of a prototype is 2-2.6 higher than in gasoline with the proposed additive.

The prepared samples of the proposed additives were tested in the composition of fuel compositions. The gasoline was used as the basis for fuel compositions: A-76 (GOST 2084), AI-92 (TU 38.001165) and a straight-run fraction of gas condensate 35-180 ° C. The concentration of iron in the prepared fuel compositions did not exceed 37 mg / dm 3 , since Higher concentrations will lead to increased engine wear. The proposed additive can be introduced into other gasolines.

The test results of the prepared fuel compositions shown in Table 2 show that they fully comply with the norms of the current regulatory and technical documentation (GOST 2084, TU 38.401-58-144).

The high anti-knock efficiency of the proposed additive is confirmed by the fact that on the basis of the straight-run fraction, by introducing the proposed additive, commercial A-76 gasoline can be obtained. On the basis of gasoline A-76 and AI-92, high-octane gasolines AI-92 and AI-95, respectively, can be obtained, which have a high level of operational properties.

The results of tests of gasoline obtained by adding a prototype additive showed an increase in actual pitches of 2.7-3.5 times and exceeding the norm of the current normative and technical documentation for the indicator - the boiling point temperature, the remainder in the flask and heavy hydrocarbons.

In comparison with the prototype, the use of the proposed additive in the composition of motor gasolines does not lead to an increase in the actual tar and completely complies with the norms of the current normative and technical documentation.

The introduction of the proposed additive in the composition of motor gasolines makes it possible to increase their ecological properties. When estimating the toxicity of exhaust gas from gasoline A-76 obtained on the basis of the straight-run fraction by introducing 11% of sample 1 of the proposed additive, the reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 18%, hydrocarbons (СН) by 11, on engine 3М3-53 (GAS) % In comparison with unleaded petrol in accordance with GOST 2084 without additive.

The proposed composition of the additive provides its high anti-detonation and physico-chemical properties. Its use in gasoline allows expanding the range of unleaded automotive gasolines that meet high levels of performance without increasing the price of gasoline.

CLAIM

1. A hydrocarbon fraction-based motor gasoline containing bicyclopentadienyl iron, characterized in that, as a hydrocarbon fraction, it contains a hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product boiling in the range of 35 to 200 ° C., with the following component ratio, %:

Bicyclopentadienyl iron 0.15-0.25

Hydrogenated liquid pyrolysis product boiling in the range of 35-200 ° C - Up to 100

2. A fuel composition based on gasoline containing an additive, characterized in that it contains an additive according to claim 1 in an amount of 3-11 wt. %.

print version
Date of publication 09.04.2007гг