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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2203922
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING water-containing organic matter in the liquid and gaseous fuels
Name of the inventor: Strebkov DS .; Weinstein E.F .; Erhov MV .; FUCKING IA .; Chirkov VG
The name of the patentee: State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture
Address for correspondence: 109456, Moscow, 1st Veshnyakovskaya pr-d, 2, VIESH, ONTI and patenting, OV Golubeva
Starting date of the patent: 2002.01.25
The invention relates to processing of solid fuel in liquid and gaseous fuels, in particular to the technology and art pyrolytic conversion of organic substances in gaseous and liquid fuels. The method comprises comminution of organic water-containing substance, it is heated without access of oxygen and subsequent condensation products of pyrolysis into liquid fuel. Moreover, the heating of fine crushed organic matter carried out successively in two separate chambers to 250-375 o C in moisture removal chamber and to 650-750 o C in processing chamber in the presence of cold-plasma discharge of the high reactive current with a voltage of 1-500 kV, a frequency of 1 -300 kHz. Water vapor produced in the dehumidification chamber is directed through the bypass circuit couple to the steam box and / or heat exchanger, and the gaseous fuel from a processing chamber along the circumferential contour of the pyrolysis gas is directed to a heat engine and / or a heat exchanger and a condensation device for producing liquid fuels. The invention allows to increase the yield of liquid and gaseous fuels from organic material to 70% to reduce the content of 1-5% water therein, the heat of combustion to increase by 15-20% and to reduce the energy consumption per 1 kg of the obtained liquid and gaseous fuels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to processing of solid fuel in liquid and gaseous fuels, in particular to the technology and art pyrolytic conversion of organic substances in gaseous and liquid fuels.
There are a method and apparatus for the pyrolysis of coal into liquid fuels (Blokhin Pyrolysis technology for processing fuel feedstock -.. CENEF, April-June 2002, pp 10-13).
The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity and the low yield of liquid and gaseous fuels from coal (30-40% by weight of organic matter).
The closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method and apparatus for processing biomass into liquid fuel by fast pyrolysis (Towards the "bio-refinery" Fast pyrolysis of Biomass. RE World. 2001. Vol. 4. 1. P. 67-83 ).
In this process, organic matter is ground, is heated in a pyrolysis installation with subsequent condensation products of pyrolysis into gaseous and liquid fuels. Pyrolysis plant comprises a device for shredding device controlled supply of particulate organic matter in the processing chamber and gas fuel to liquid condensation device.
The disadvantage of this method and apparatus is the low rate of heating to biomass Biomass Pyrolytic decomposition temperature (about 1 s), the low calorific value and high water content (20-50%) in the obtained liquid fuel and a large energy consumption for processing organic material.
The object of the invention is to increase the yield of liquid and gaseous fuels from organic material and 70% reduction in water content to 5.1%, and increases the heat of combustion of 15-20% and a reduction of energy consumption per 1 kg of the obtained liquid and gaseous fuels.
As a result, the invention is used increases yield of gaseous and liquid fuels from organic material and 70% reduced water content of up to 5.1%, increases the calorific value of 15-20%, and reduced energy consumption per 1 kg of the obtained liquid and gaseous fuels.
The above technical result is achieved by a method for processing organic material pyrolysis into gaseous and liquid fuels by fine grinding and heating the organic matter without oxygen and subsequent condensation products of pyrolysis into liquid fuel heating finely divided water-containing organic material is carried out successively in two chambers separated to 250- 375 o C and in the second (processing chamber) to 650-750 o C, dehydrated and finely dispersed material in the second chamber is heated in the presence of cold-frequency discharge plasma jet voltage of 1-500 kV, a frequency of 1-300 kHz and steam, obtained in the chamber removing moisture directed through the bypass circuit steam in the steam engine and (or) a heat exchanger for the production of electricity and heat, and the gaseous fuel from the chamber processing for the bypass circuit pyrolysis gas fed to the heat engine and (or) to the heat exchanger for generating electricity, heat of condensation and apparatus for producing liquid fuels.
Installation pyrolysis processing of organic material into gaseous and liquid fuels for carrying out the method, comprising a hopper receiving feedstock, the dispenser, the processing chamber container for solid and gaseous fuels condensation unit in fluid contains moisture removal chamber connected to the camera processing unit to generate cold-frequency discharge plasma jet voltage of 1-500 kV, a frequency of 1-300 kHz, processing executed in the camera, which is connected to the high-speed heating device organic matter to 650-750 o C 0.8-1.2 kW electric power to each 1 g of processed 1 with the organic matter, a camera processing and is connected to the circumferential contour of the pyrolysis gas with the thermal machine and / or heat exchanger and a condensation device and the dehumidification chamber is connected with the device heating the water-containing organic substances with a high heating rate of water-containing organic substances with a high speed heating to 250-375 o C and a bypass loop steam with a steam engine and / or the heat exchanger.
Water-containing organic material is heated in the first stage of the first chamber to remove the moisture water critical temperature at which the latent heat of vaporization is close to zero, thereby reducing the power consumption of the process. Removal of moisture in the first stage helps to reduce the water content of the pyrolysis product liquid fraction. This achieves an increase in calorific value derived liquid fuels.
Method of processing water-containing organic material into gaseous and liquid fuels and apparatus for its implementation are explained in Figures 1 and 2.
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FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a method and apparatus for processing water-containing organic material into gaseous and liquid fuels.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a device for the formation of cold-frequency discharge plasma of reactive current in the cell processing.
Installation for implementing the method of processing of water-containing organic material into gaseous and liquid comprises a hopper receiving the feedstock 1, dispenser 2, a first chamber - chamber dehumidification 3, a second chamber - processing chamber (pyrolysis reactor) 4, a tank for a solid residue 5, a steam engine 6 heat exchanger-mixer 7, the cold water inlet 8, the output of hot water 9, a bypass loop steam 10 controlled taps, valves 11, heat engine 12, a bypass loop pyrolysis gas 13, heat exchanger 14, the condensation unit 15, a tank for storing liquid fuel 16 , removing the camera unit heating water 17, the device processing chamber heater 18, the camera processing unit 4 is made to form a cold-plasma discharge of the high reactive current 19 containing (2) a high-voltage power source 21 and an insulator 20.
The camera is connected to the removal of moisture 3 bypass circuit 10 through a pair of controllable valves 11 to the steam engine and the heat exchanger 6, a mixer 7.
Camera processing 4 is connected via a pipe 22, a bypass loop pyrolysis gas 13 through the controlled valves 11 with a heat engine 12 and the heat exchanger 14 and then to the condensation device 15 and a container for storing liquid fuel 16.
Device for implementing the method of processing an organic material into gaseous and liquid fuels is as follows.
The feedstock was charged in the raw material receiving hopper 1, then through a metering chamber 2 in the moisture removal 3 in which the device 17 is heated at high speed to finely dispersed organic matter 250-375 o C. The resulting vapor by-pass circuit with valves 10 or 11 is directed into the steam machine 6, or a mixer-heat exchanger 7 for heat.
Then the dehydrated feed enters the sealed processing chamber 4, where it is subjected to high speed heating to 650-750 o C 0.8-1.2 kW electric capacity per 1 g of the processed one organic substance. The resulting pyrolysis gaseous fuel from the chamber of processing 4 through the pipe 22 is sent to a heat engine 12 for generating electricity and heat, and (or) to the heat exchanger 14 to the circumferential contour of the pyrolysis gas 13 with the valves 11 to provide the heat and liquid fuel through the condensing unit 15, then into the storage tank 16, the liquid fuel.
Remaining in the chamber 4, the solid residue is discharged via the spout 2 into the container 5.
Apparatus cold-frequency discharge plasma of reactive current 19 (Figure 2) mounted in the chamber 4 and connected through an insulator 20 to the high voltage power source 21 to accelerate the degradation of organic matter and an increased yield of liquid fuels, affecting its intramolecular bonds and providing fuel quality, in particular the increase in the proportion of light fractions.
The proposed method allows the recycling of organic substances to increase the fuel yield of 60-90 wt.% Depending on the type of organic matter.
CLAIM
1. A method of processing pyrolysis of organic matter in the water-containing liquid and gaseous fuel by grinding it, without the heating of oxygen and subsequent condensation of the pyrolysis products and liquid fuels, characterized in that the heating of particulate organic matter is performed sequentially in two divided cells to 250-375 o C. in the chamber to remove moisture and 650-750 o C. processing chamber, wherein the dehydrated substance is finely dispersed in the chamber is heated in the presence of processing cold-frequency discharge plasma of reactive current with a voltage of 1-500 kV, a frequency of 1-300 kHz, the steam produced in dehumidification chamber is directed through the bypass circuit couple to the steam box and / or heat exchanger, and recycling the gaseous fuel from the chamber by pyrolysis gas bypass circuit is sent to a heat engine and / or in the condensing heat exchanger and an apparatus for producing liquid fuels.
2. Installation pyrolysis processing of organic substances in liquid and gaseous fuels, comprising a tank receiving the processed material, the dispenser, the processing chamber container for solid and gaseous fuels in liquid condensing device, characterized in that the installation comprises a dehumidification chamber coupled to the processing chamber device for forming a cold-frequency discharge plasma of reactive current with a voltage of 1-500 kV, a frequency of 1-300 kHz, processing executed in the camera, which is connected with the high-speed heating device organic matter to 650-750 o C with electric power 0.8- 1.2 kW per 1 g of the processed organic material 1, the processing chamber is connected to the pyrolysis gas bypass circuit with a heat engine and / or a heat exchanger and a condensation device and dehumidification device chamber is connected with the heating water-containing organic substances with a high heating rate to 250-375 o C and a bypass loop steam with a steam engine and / or the heat exchanger.
print version
Publication date 16.01.2007gg
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