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METHODS OF PRODUCING LIQUID AND SOLID FUEL FROM INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2204761

METHOD FOR PROCESSING AND USING HYDROCARBON WASTE

METHOD FOR PROCESSING AND USING HYDROCARBON WASTE

The name of the inventor: Filippov IA; Smolyanov V.M.
The name of the patent holder: Filippov Igor Anatolievich; Smolyanov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Address for correspondence: 193015, St. Petersburg, PO Box 108, VM Sharkov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.05.16

The invention relates to the utilization of industrial wastes and can be used for the processing of waste liquids and thickened hydrocarbons for their use as an additive to liquid heavy fuel. The method of processing and use of hydrocarbon waste includes the heating of hydrocarbon waste, the addition of water, the mixing of hydrocarbon waste with heavy liquid fuel, the dispersion of the resulting mixture to form a water-fuel emulsion and the supply of a fuel-oil emulsion to combustion. The hydrocarbon waste is heated up to a temperature of 20-90 ° C with or without addition of water. The mixing of hydrocarbon waste with fuel and the dispersion of this mixture are performed simultaneously in a rotary pulsation homogenizer mixer with a working gap of 50-250 μm and a shear rate of at least 10 m / s, providing the supply of hydrocarbon and fuel waste to the homogenizer mixer at a ratio of 1:15 -1: 1.5. The process of homogenization is monitored either by means of a measuring microscope from samples of a water-fuel emulsion, or visually by the form of the flame of combustion. When the particle size of the dispersed phase in the samples of the water-fuel emulsion is more than 10 μm, or when the brightness of the combustion flare is reduced and when the soot appears in the tail part of the combustion flare, the engine speed of the homogenizer mixer is increased or a part of the fuel-oil emulsion is fed from the mixer- homogenizer outlet to its inlet, Or increase the supply of fuel to the mixer-homogenizer, or reduce the supply of hydrocarbons to its input. The technical result: providing the possibility of processing and use of waste liquids and thickened hydrocarbons of almost any class, increasing the productivity of waste processing, the possibility of rapid adjustment of the process, saving fuel and resources.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the utilization of industrial wastes and can be used for the processing and use of waste liquids from liquid and thickened hydrocarbons (oil, fuel oil, diesel fuel, vegetable and mineral oils, oil sludges, fuel oil sludges, paraffins, asphaltenes, etc.).

Utilization of hydrocarbon waste remains an urgent environmental and technical problem. Wastes of thickened hydrocarbons are usually stored and then sent to landfill, thereby polluting the environment. Waste liquid hydrocarbons (for example, such as fuel oil) are drained, as a rule, in sedimentation facilities. Stagnant (bottled) water containing fuel oil is cleaned and merged into the sewage system, which causes considerable damage to the environment. So, when only one boiler plant is used, consuming up to 14,000 tons of fuel oil for the heating season, 90-100 tons of contaminated fuel oil accumulate in the treatment plants for the year. As is known, depending on the complexity of the purification system (the number of steps), the purification efficiency is 78.5-94.3% [1]. Those. Even in the presence of treatment facilities, when one boiler house is in operation, 5 to 20 tons of fuel oil per year is discharged into the sewage system with water that has been cleaned.

Thus, direct losses of fuel oil under the existing waste management system are for a single boiler house from 95 to 120 tons per year.

Existing methods and installations for the processing and use of hydrocarbon waste do not provide an effective solution to the problem of their utilization. One of the main reasons for this is the instability and uncertainty of the composition of the waste and the ratio of the constituent components.

A method for processing oil sludge by its heat treatment in a rotary drum furnace is known [2]. This method requires considerable energy costs, but as a result does not provide a complete recycling of waste.

A method of processing and recycling industrial waste of lubricants containing mineral oils is also known [3]. According to this method, said wastes are mixed with petroleum products (in particular, with spent lubricating-cooling water-oil emulsion) at a temperature of 40-60 ° C. and dispersed at a temperature of 70-80 ° C. by the introduction of surfactants, Synthetic fatty acids. After dispersion, the resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature with a liquid hydrocarbon having a viscosity of 43-60 cSt and sent to combustion.

The disadvantages of this method include: a limited field of application - only waste products of lubricants; Low process performance, defined as a long duration of the dispersing operation, which is several hours, even with the use of hydrodynamic acoustic apparatus GART-PR, and a large number of necessary operations; The need to use surfactants and an expensive low-viscosity (less than 60 cSt) hydrocarbon.

According to the set of essential features, the method closest to the claimed method is the processing of fuel oil according to the invention [4], adopted as a prototype. According to this method, which involves the burning of fuel oil in the water-fuel emulsion, a dispersive-stabilizing or polyfunctional additive is added to the fuel oil, then the slurry is heated to 90-100 ° C. and mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:10 with heated fuel oil, The resulting mixture is passed 1-2 times through the dispersant module with the addition of 10-20% fresh water.

The possibilities of using the prototype method are limited to processing only fuel oil. In addition, because of the dispersing operation, this method has a low productivity. Other disadvantages are the need to use additives for fuel, the problem of providing the desired ratio in the mixture of waste and fuel, and therefore the poor quality of the resulting water-fuel emulsion, the inability to promptly adjust the ratio of waste and fuel, the need for a high temperature of the mixture heating because of the sharp Increase (20-50%) viscosity with respect to the initial fuel oil. Increasing the temperature of fuel oil leads to an increase in the coking of the boiler nozzles.

The object of the invention is to enable the processing of industrial wastes of virtually any hydrocarbon in a liquid or thickened state and use them as additives to heavy liquid fuels without impairing its characteristics.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the process of processing and use of hydrocarbon waste, including the heating of waste, the addition of water, the mixing of waste with heavy liquid fuel, the dispersion of the resulting mixture to form a fuel oil emulsion and the supply of a fuel oil emulsion to the combustion, the hydrocarbon waste is heated up to a temperature of 20- 90 ° C with or without addition of water, mixing hydrocarbon waste with fuel, and dispersing this mixture is performed simultaneously in a rotary pulsation homogenizer mixer [5] with a working gap of 50-250 μm and a shear rate of at least 10 m / s, providing a feed Waste of hydrocarbons and fuel in the mixer homogenizer in a ratio of 1: 15-1: 1.5, the homogenization process is monitored either by means of a measuring microscope from samples of a water-fuel emulsion or visually by the type of the combustion flame at a particle size of a dispersed phase in samples of a water-fuel emulsion of more than 10 Micrometer, or when the luminance and transparency of the flame of the combustion flare decrease and when the soot appears in the tail part of the combustion flare, the engine speed of the homogenizer mixer is increased, or a part of the fuel-oil emulsion is fed from the mixer homogenizer outlet to its inlet, or increases the fuel supply to the homogenizer mixer, Or reduce the supply of hydrocarbons to its input. In the hydrocarbon waste, a surfactant can be introduced before they are fed into the homogenizer mixer.

The technical result of the invention consists in providing the possibility of processing waste liquids and thickened hydrocarbons of virtually any class and their use as an additive to heavy liquid fuels (including diesel motor fuels) without deteriorating its characteristics, in improving the accuracy of compliance with the ratio of hydrocarbon and fuel wastes and the possibility To improve the efficiency of hydrocarbon waste processing, to ensure the possibility of long-term (up to 1 year) storage of the resulting fuel oil emulsion, to enable the use of water-fuel emulsions with a water content of up to 40%, in reducing the heating temperature of the waste to 20-90 o FROM.

The proposed technical solution was the result of long-term experiments and studies of the process of homogenization of mixtures of waste hydrocarbons of different classes with heavy fuel oil and other heavy liquid fuels, as well as studies of the properties of such mixtures and the process of their combustion. During these experiments and studies it was established that for a ratio of liquid and thickened hydrocarbons to fuel in the range 1: 15-1: 1.5 (depending on the class of hydrocarbons), one can find such a mode of operation for a rotary pulsational homogenizer mixer Which achieves the creation of a monodisperse water-fuel emulsion with a particle size of a dispersed phase in the range of 5-10 μm. With such a particle size, the combustion flame has a high brightness and transparency. In the tail part of the combustion torch, there is practically no soot, and hence sooty particles, which indicates the complete combustion of the components of the water-fuel emulsion. In this case, no adjustment of the equipment is required and the injectors are coked.

Important conditions for achieving the technical result are providing the rotational-pulsating mixer-homogenizer with a shear rate of at least 10 m / s at a working gap of 50-250 μm (optimum 150 μm) and observing the ratio of hydrocarbon and fuel waste.

At a shear rate of less than 10 m / s, the required degree of homogenization is not achieved, the particle size of the dispersed phase of the water-fuel emulsion is greater than 10 μm. The reason for this is the fact that grinding and homogenization are carried out in the rotary pulsation mixer homogenizer due to cavitation processes, the intensity of which sharply decreases at a shear rate of less than 10 m / s. If the working gap of the homogenizer mixer exceeds 250 μm, the grinding effect on the medium to be treated decreases. In cases where the working gap is less than 50 μm, there is a significant increase in power consumption and a decrease in productivity. If the ratio of hydrocarbon waste to the main fuel exceeds a value of 1: 1.5, there is a decrease in the brightness and transparency of the combustion flame, the appearance of soot in the tail section. These phenomena, as shown by experiments, are associated with an increase in the particle size of the dispersed phase of the water-fuel emulsion to 20-50 μm or more. If the ratio of hydrocarbon waste to the main fuel is less than 1:15, the combustion flame meets all standards, and the particle size of the dispersed phase of the water-fuel emulsion is in the range of 5-10 μm. At the same time, however, the consumption of the main fuel increases, and economic indicators deteriorate.

According to the proposed method, the homogenization of the mixture of hydrocarbon waste and the main fuel can be adjusted by performing one of the following actions: increasing the engine speed of the homogenizer mixer, or supplying a part of the fuel-oil emulsion from the output of the homogenizer mixer to its inlet, or increasing the fuel supply to the mixer -homogenizer, or by reducing the supply of hydrocarbon waste to its input. These operations are performed if the particle size of the dispersed phase in the samples of the water-fuel emulsion exceeds 10 μm, or if the characteristics of the combustion flame deteriorate (decrease in brightness and transparency of the glow, appearance of soot in the tail part of the combustion flare).

The possibility of promptly adjusting the ratio in the fuel mixture of waste and the main fuel is one of the significant advantages of the proposed method, which is determined by mixing and dispersing the mixture simultaneously in a homogenizer mixer. In contrast, in the prototype method, the mixing of hydrocarbon and fuel waste is carried out in the fuel supply tank, and the dispersion of the resulting mixture is dispersed in the dispersant module. From the dispersant module, the water-fuel emulsion returns to the fuel supply tank and from there it is fed to the combustion. However, in the fuel supply reservoir, in addition to the water-fuel emulsion, there are heterogeneously distributed in terms of volume the main fuel and hydrocarbon waste. Hence it is obvious that the known method is not able to provide, with an acceptable accuracy, the required proportion of hydrocarbon and basic fuel waste, not to mention the possibility of promptly adjusting this proportion.

The increase in the productivity of hydrocarbon waste processing in the proposed method is achieved due to the higher efficiency of the homogenization process (with the above parameters) compared to the process of dispersion in the prototype method, which is time-consuming. The process of homogenization of a mixture of heavy fuel oil and hydrocarbon waste, carried out with a rotary pulsation mixer homogenizer, also provides the possibility of obtaining conditioned water-fuel emulsions with a water content of up to 40%, which is not known either from scientific and technical publications or from the practice of preparation And use of water-fuel emulsions. The high efficiency of the homogenization process made it possible, in addition, to reduce the heating temperature of the waste in comparison with the prototype to 20-90 ° C and thereby obtain energy savings.

As for the amount of water added to the hydrocarbon recyclable waste, this issue is decided in each specific case, depending on the water cut of the original commodity fuel. Commodity heavy, liquid fuels and waste of liquid hydrocarbons always contain some water. Therefore, there is often no need for special introduction of water into the waste of liquid hydrocarbons.

Water-fuel emulsions obtained by the proposed method retain monodispersion for a long time (up to 1 year). This makes it unnecessary to immediately use fuel containing recycled hydrocarbon waste, allowing the creation and storage of stocks of such fuel.

In cases where the resulting fuel oil emulsion is sent to storage or to a diesel engine (when mixing liquid hydrocarbon wastes with diesel fuel), the homogenization process is preferably monitored by a measuring microscope from water-fuel emulsion samples in which the particle size of the dispersed phase of the emulsion should not exceed 10 M.

In some cases, in particular when using the waste of some varieties of low-water petroleum products with a very high viscosity, it is advisable to add known surfactants to improve the process of homogenization into hydrocarbon waste.

The water-fuel emulsions prepared according to the proposed method have a viscosity that does not exceed the viscosity of the initial, heavy liquid fuel.

The proposed method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1 . From the fuel supply tank to the rotary pulsation homogenizer VKI-3B fuel oil M-100 was supplied by means of the pump, and with the help of the second pump heated liquid watered oil residues heated up to 80 o C. The ratio of hydrocarbon and fuel waste, which was 1: 5, was maintained by choosing the operating mode of the pumps and the section of the waste and fuel supply pipelines. The water-fuel emulsion obtained after homogenization with a water content of ~ 12% was supplied by the pump for combustion into the boiler nozzles of the DKVR type. The particle size of the dispersed phase of the water-fuel emulsion, determined from the samples by means of a measuring microscope, was within 5-10 μm. The torch of burning had a bright, transparent color. In the tail of the flame, the presence of sooty particles was not visually observed. After 4 hours of operation, the brightness and transparency of the combustion flame decreased. In the water-fuel emulsion samples, the particle size of the dispersed phase exceeded 20 μm. By feeding part of the water-fuel emulsion from the output of the homogenizer mixer to its input, the brightness and transparency of the combustion flame returned to the primary state. In the samples of the water-fuel emulsion, the particles of the dispersed phase did not exceed 9 μm.

Example 2 . From the fuel supply tank of the boiler house, a fuel oil of the M-100 grade was fed into the rotary pulsation mixer-homogenizer type VKI-3B, and a watered mixture of vegetable oils (soybean, peanut, sunflower, etc., Etc.) obtained by washing the working surfaces of confectionery lines with the detergent "O-BIS" and then separating them from the washing solution (hydrocarbon waste). Waste hydrocarbons had a water cut of about 10%. The ratio of hydrocarbon and fuel wastes was 1: 5. The particle size of the dispersed phase of the water-fuel emulsion after passing the rotary-pulsating homogenizer was within 5-7 μm. Boiler equipment was not subjected to any adjustment and adjustment. Changes in the length of the flame, its brightness and transparency were not observed. There were no black particles in the tail of the flame. Nozzles are not crooked.

After 5 hours, the brightness and transparency of the combustion flame decreased, and soot appeared in its tail section. By reducing the supply of waste to the homogenizer mixer, the characteristics of the combustion flame were normalized. The particle size of the dispersed phase in the samples of the water-fuel emulsion did not exceed 10 μm.

As can be seen from the description, the proposed method provides the possibility of processing a wide class of waste liquids and thickened hydrocarbons and using them as an additive to heavy liquid fuels without degrading the quality of the fuel.

The above examples indicate the possibility of industrial implementation of the invention.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. V.A. Koryagin. Burning water fuel emulsions and reducing harmful emissions. St. Petersburg, Nedra, 1995, 304 p.

2. A.c. USSR 426109, IPC F 23 G 7/04, pub. 30.04.74.

3. Ac. USSR 1698579, the IPC F 23 G 7/04, pub. 15.12.91.

4. Ac. USSR 1791673, MSC F 23 G 7/05, pub. 03.01.93.

5. The patent of the Russian Federation 2124935, МПК In 01 F 5/06, the pub. 20.01.99.

CLAIM

1. A method for the processing and use of hydrocarbon waste, including the heating of hydrocarbon waste, the addition of water, the mixing of hydrocarbon waste with heavy liquid fuel, the dispersion of the resulting mixture to form a fuel oil emulsion and the supply of a fuel oil emulsion to combustion, characterized in that the hydrocarbon waste is heated up to a temperature of 20 -90 ° C with or without addition of water, mixing hydrocarbon waste with fuel, and dispersing this mixture is performed simultaneously in a rotary pulsation mixer homogenizer with an operating gap of 50-250 μm and a shear rate of at least 10 m / s, providing a supply of hydrocarbon waste And the fuel in the mixer homogenizer in a ratio of 1: 15-1: 1.5, the homogenization process is monitored either by means of a measuring microscope from the water-fuel emulsion samples or visually by the type of the combustion flame, with the particle size of the dispersed phase in the samples of the fuel- Either when the brightness of the combustion flare is dimmed and the transparency of the combustion flare is dimmed and when the soot appears in the tail part of the combustion flare, the engine speed of the homogenizer mixer is increased or a part of the water-fuel emulsion is fed from the mixer homogenizer outlet to its inlet, or increases the fuel supply to the homogenizer mixer or reduces Supply of hydrocarbons to its input.

2. A method for processing and using waste hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that a surfactant is introduced into the hydrocarbon waste fed to the homogenizer mixer.

print version
Date of publication 09.04.2007гг