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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2150488
LIQUID FUEL
The name of the inventor: Karabasov Yu.S .; Kurunov IF; G.Delyagin; Isteev AI; Yusfin Yu.S .; Belov AI; Starostin AI; Erokhin S.F.
The name of the patent holder: Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technological University)
Address for correspondence: 117936, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninsky Prospect 4, MISiS, Kurunov IF.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.03.05
The invention relates to metallurgy and power engineering and can be used in blast-furnace and open-hearth processes, thermal power stations, steam-blowing stations. The essence of the invention consists in that the composition of a liquid fuel containing finely divided solid carbonaceous materials and water further comprises fine particulate solid materials containing carbon chemically bonded to at least hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and / or liquid substances containing carbon, Chemically bonded to at least hydrogen. Industrial and / or household waste of plastics and / or gunpowder and / or explosives and / or solid rocket fuel and / or pulp and paper waste are used as solid materials containing chemically bonded carbon. Used as liquid substances containing carbon chemically bonded with at least hydrogen, are used engine oils, and / or oil products waste, and / or alcohols, and / or used transformer oils. The share of solid materials containing chemically bonded carbon in liquid fuels is 0.5-60%, and the share of liquid materials containing chemically bonded carbon is 1-65%. The liquid fuel may contain 0.5-10% of fine solid materials containing iron oxides and / or calcium oxides and / or magnesium oxides and / or rare earth oxides and / or metals not bound to the compounds. The use of the invention makes it possible to utilize waste products of petroleum products, gunpowder, explosives, and rocket fuels without detrimental effects on the environment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy and can be used in metallurgical aggregates, for example in blast furnaces, in open-hearth furnaces, in heating furnaces, in shaft furnaces for smelting matte, at steam-blowing stations, and in other branches of technology, for example in power engineering.
It is known that liquid fuels are obtained from coal in the process of hydrogenation of coal / 1 /. The disadvantage of this fuel is the relative complexity and high cost of its production process, leading to a high cost of this fuel.
The closest in technical essence and achieved result to the invention is a liquid fuel consisting of a fine-dispersed solid material containing water and water in a ratio providing stability of properties of liquid fuel and its required thermal characteristics (2). The disadvantage of this fuel is a limited range of solid components for its production, including anthracite, stone and brown coals or products of their enrichment.
The technical task of the invention is to eliminate this disadvantage, as well as utilization of solid and liquid industrial and domestic waste, spent or contaminated products, substances with expired storage period containing combustible components. The solution of this technical problem is achieved by the fact that a liquid fuel comprising water and a fine particulate solid containing unbound carbon further comprises 0.5 to 60% of finely divided solid materials containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, and / Or 1 to 65% of liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, while as fines containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen, the fuel contains propellant and / or Explosives, and / or solid rocket fuel, and as liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, waste oil products and / or alcohols and / or spent cutting fluids.
The solution of this technical problem is also achieved by the fact that the liquid fuel additionally contains industrial or household waste of plastics and / or waste from the pulp and paper industry as fine solid materials containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
The solution of this technical problem is achieved by the fact that as a liquid substance containing carbon bound at least with hydrogen, the fuel additionally contains waste engine oils and / or transformer oils and / or liquid propellant.
The solution of this technical problem is also achieved in that the liquid fuel, when used in a blast furnace, further comprises 0.5-10% of fine solid materials containing iron oxides and / or calcium oxides and / or magnesium oxides, And / or oxides of rare earth elements, and / or metals not bound to compounds.
The solution of this technical problem is achieved by the fact that waste water from industrial enterprises is used as water.
The invention consists in the following. The known liquid fuel is a water-coal suspension and is obtained by finely grinding the coal in an aqueous medium followed by stabilization of the water-coal mixture. According to the invention, the fuel, in addition to water and coal, includes finely divided solid materials containing carbon in the form of compounds with hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It can contain liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with hydrogen and other elements. Such solid materials can be industrial and / or household waste of plastics, gunpowder, explosives, solid propellant, waste from the pulp and paper industry or other similar materials that either pollute the environment and are not digested in natural mass exchange processes or whose storage has a limited Term and is associated with significant costs, or the disposal of such substances requires expensive complex technologies.
The listed solid materials unite the fact that the main substances, their constituents, are substances whose molecules contain atoms of at least 4 elements: CaHbOcNd, where a, b, c, d are the numbers of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the molecules of these substances . The vast majority of powders and explosives consist of substances whose molecules contain only the indicated 4 elements. These substances contain oxygen, which ensures a high (explosive) rate of their combustion. In this case, the products of their combustion can contain excess oxygen. Thus, for example, the reaction of the explosive transformation of nitroglycyrin has the form:
2C3H5 (ONO2) 3 = 6CO2 + 5H2O + 0.5O2 + 3N2
They also have the ability to detonate, i.e. Are capable of exploding from impact. By appropriately proportioning the contents of water, coal, liquid hydrocarbons and / or alcohols, plastics, waste from the pulp and paper industry with powders and / or explosives, this ability is completely suppressed in the fuel composition, and the liquid fuel containing these substances is completely Explosive and fireproof.
Application of industrial and household waste plastics in the liquid fuel solves the problem of their utilization with obtaining a useful effect and without causing damage to the environment. When burning liquid fuel containing plastic waste, in high temperature metallurgical plants, for example in blast furnaces, harmful substances released during the combustion of plastics, for example dioxins, decompose at temperatures of 1800-2000 ° C, which occur in the tuyere fires of blast furnaces.
The use of petroleum products as a part of liquid fuel, for example used engine oils, contaminated with oil products, waste transformer oils and used lubricating-cooling liquids significantly reduces the cost of the utilization of these substances. The use of alcohols in the liquid fuel according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the freezing point of this fuel and to provide the possibility of its transportation in the winter.
Depending on the specific properties of gunpowders and explosives, their content in liquid fuel can be in the range from 0.5 to 60%. The lower limit refers to substances with high detail properties and ensures the safe disposal of these substances during the preparation and use of liquid fuel according to the invention. The upper limit refers to substances that do not possess detailed properties. With such a concentration in liquid fuel of substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, it is possible to obtain liquid fuel mainly from these substances, which significantly reduces the cost of liquid fuel.
The lower limit of concentration (1%) in liquid fuel of liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds is due to the need to have at least 1% of hydrocarbon substances in the fuel oil composition to impart appropriate plastic properties to the fuel. The upper limit (65%) refers to the cases of liquid fuel preparation according to the invention, mainly from liquid wastes containing hydrocarbon compounds and is caused by the need to provide the specified rheological properties of the liquid fuel and its stability.
The presence in the liquid fuel of the invention of 0.5 to 10% of fine solid materials containing iron oxides and / or calcium oxides and / or magnesium oxides and / or oxides of rare earth elements and / or metals not bound to chemical compounds, Provides the liquid fuel according to the invention with the additional useful properties required for its use in a blast furnace and allows the utilization of fine-dispersed waste from metallurgical and other industries, for example sludge, dust, cutting fluids, etc., during fuel preparation. The use of industrial enterprises as water in the composition of liquid fuels solves the problem of utilizing these waters and reduces the costs of their purification.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
example 1
The following components were used for the preparation of fuel oil according to the invention: red-coal coal 50%, water 35%, industrial plastic waste 0.5%, gun powder 13.0% used motor oil 1.0%, open-hearth sludge - 0.5%. When burning this fuel in a blast furnace by blowing it into air tuyeres in an amount of 60 kg / ton of pig iron, the coke consumption decreased by 31.4 kg / ton. The coke replacement coefficient of the injected liquid fuel according to the invention was 0.52 kg / kg.
Example 2
The liquid fuel according to the invention was made up of the following components: 20% brown coal, 20% waterlogged oil, 40% water, 60% petroleum products - 62%, spent lubricant of ball bearing plant - 3%, solid fuel - 10%, waste Plastics - 3%, blast-furnace slurries - 2%. When burning this fuel in a blast furnace in an amount of 80 kg / ton of pig iron, the coke consumption decreased by 36 kg / ton, the coefficient of coke replacement with blown fuel was 0.45 kg / kg.
example 3
The following components were used for the preparation of liquid fuel according to the invention: anthracite - 5%, artillery powder - 60%, coke-chemical waste water 25%, used machine oil - 10%. The received fuel was used for heating the boiler room instead of fuel oil. With the steam boiler output remaining steadily, the fuel oil consumption according to the invention in relation to the fuel oil consumption was 1.2 t / t.
example 4
Liquid fuel according to the invention was prepared from the following components: Moscow brown coal - 20%, used machine oil (contains 15% water and 0.2% fine metal particles) - 15% watered waste oil products (contains 45% water and 55% oil 45 %, Artillery powder 15%, blast-furnace slurries (containing unbound carbon, and oxides of iron, calcium, magnesium) - 2% finely dispersed oxides of REM (Ce) - 1%, plastic waste - 2%. When blown into a blast furnace with a volume of 1033 M 3 of this fuel in an amount of 150 kg / t consumption of coke was reduced by 83 kg / ton of pig iron, the sulfur content in cast iron decreased by 0.004%, the productivity of the furnace increased by 45 tons / day.
Thus, the use of the invention makes it possible to utilize waste oil products, sludge, spent engine oils, expired propellant, explosives, rocket fuels without harmful effects on the environment and with an economic effect.
USED BOOKS
1. Chemical technology of solid fossil fuels. Ed. GN Makarov and GD Harlampovich. - M., Chemistry, 1986, p. 342-394.
2. RU 2096476 C, C21B 5/00, 20.11.1997.
CLAIM
A liquid fuel comprising water and a fine particulate solid material comprising unbound carbon, characterized in that it further comprises from 0.5 to 60% of fine solid materials containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and / Or 1 to 65% of the liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, and as fines containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen, the fuel contains propellant and / or explosives Substances and / or solid rocket fuel, and as liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, waste oil products and / or alcohols and / or spent lubricating and cooling liquids.
2. The fuel oil of claim 1, further comprising industrial or household waste of plastics and / or pulp and paper waste as fine solid materials containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
3. Liquid fuel according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises waste engine oils and / or transformer oils as liquid substances containing carbon in the form of compounds with at least hydrogen.
4. A fuel oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, when used in a blast furnace, it further comprises 0.5 to 10% of fine solids containing iron oxides and / or calcium oxides and / or magnesium oxides , And / or oxides of rare earth elements, and / or metals not bound to compounds.
5. Liquid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains waste water from industrial enterprises.
print version
Publication date 09.04.2007gg
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