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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2275416
METHOD thermochemical processing of organic materials in the fuel COMPONENTS AND INSTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT
Name of the inventor: Lihomanenko Vladimir (RU); Tereshchenko Sergey E. (RU); Tsvetkova Irina (RU); Spiders Alexey
The name of the patentee: Lihomanenko Vladimir (RU); Tereshchenko Sergey E. (RU); Irina Tsvetkova
Address for correspondence: 445027, Samara, Tolyatti, / I 3151, JSC "Firm" Priority ".
Starting date of the patent: 2005.03.28
The invention relates to the field of thermochemical processing of solid organic materials and can be used in public services, in the fuel industry, in forestry and wood processing industry for processing and recycling of the organic part of municipal solid and industrial waste. Prior to loading the reactor feed is introduced into the organic catalyst carried preheating and additional purging organic material from oxygen. For complete and uniform treatment of raw materials into the reactor at least at two locations, the coolant gas is introduced, which is prepared outside the reactor. Separating vapor mixture is produced by passing it through a stepped separating apparatus, where the mixture is recovered from at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons. Thereafter, the mixture is passed through a heat exchanger to collect residual liquid hydrocarbon fractions. The mixture was fed into a cyclone separator, where the final separated fraction of liquid hydrocarbons, and wherein the purified fuel gas is sent for further use. The invention provides a fuel high-quality components, is waste-free and environmentally friendly.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of thermochemical processing of solid organic materials and can be used in public services, in the fuel industry, in forestry and wood processing industry for processing and recycling of the organic part of municipal solid and industrial waste; waste resulting from the processing of biomass materials such as wood, peat, lignin, straw; low-calorie combustible solid minerals: oil shale, brown coal, coal drop-out, etc .; worn tires and other waste rubber quality fuel components: coal fuel, several fractions of liquid hydrocarbons that are close to the gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil and a hydrocarbon-containing fuel gas, which can be used as a fuel for vehicles, power plants, boilers and so forth.
There is a method for thermal processing of worn tires according to the patent of the Russian Federation №2139187, cl. F 23 G 7/12, 1999, at the tire comprising feeding into a reactor, pyrolysis of the material at a temperature of 550-800 degrees C in a reducing gas medium, followed by separation of the pyrolysis products and unloading of the solid residue. Wherein the pyrolysis is carried out at a ratio of reducing gas to the material (0,2-0,45): 1, and the superheated steam is fed at the end of the pyrolysis at a temperature of 250-300 degrees C in an amount of (0,03-0,12): 1 to downloadable content. The reducing gas is produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with a = 0,4-0,85.
This method solves the problem of a narrow, directed mainly to black for reuse in the production of rubber mixtures and to a lesser extent to obtain fuel components.
Known reactor for thermal decomposition of solid hydrocarbon materials on the author's certificate of USSR №869309, cl. 10 C 04/01, 1980, at comprising a housing with connections for coolant input and coolant output gaseous products of thermal decomposition and cooling agent, a charging device for supplying solid hydrocarbon materials handling device for output of solid products of the thermal decomposition apparatus for mixing the material during thermal decomposition. Device for stirring is in the form of sector plates fixedly mounted on horizontal shafts mounted on the reactor wall for oscillating movement around its axis, while the horizontal rolls are moved apart at an angle relative to each other. The discharge device is designed as a grinder and consecutively mounted feeder and the feeder is in the form of two interconnected kinematically bladed rotors with sealing plates at the ends of the blades mounted in the housing.
This design allows to recycle worn-out car tires, industrial and household waste, but only get a solid carbonaceous residue and unusable.
Known apparatus and method for processing organic material into fuel components of the patent of the Russian Federation №2182684, cl. F 23 G 5/027, 2002 received by the applicant as a prototype.
A method of processing organic material comprises a raw fuel components in loading the pyrolysis reactor with a reaction chamber countercurrent low-temperature pyrolysis, carried out at a slight underpressure in the flue gas flow discharging solid carbonaceous residue and separating the gas-vapor mixture. Separation of lead vapor mixture passing through the cyclone vapor-gas mixture, the catalyst packing in a capacitor, and wherein condensed water is removed therefrom, which is cooled and removed from the process, freed from water-vapor mixture is fed to mass transfer columns for separating liquid fuel. The separated fuel liquid is cooled and removed from the process, and pyrolysis gas is fed to the centrifugal active cyclone where freed of residual droplets of fuel fluid then purified pyrolysis gas by means of slide knob is separated into two streams: the first return gas is fed into the annular combustion chamber reactor for pyrolysis, and the other - in the post-combustion heat source on the received heat generator combustion products is directed for drying of raw materials and loading of raw materials is carried out through the sluice feeder loading. Reverse air and gas fed into the annular combustion chamber tangentially, with a return gas relative to air increased concentration. The carbonaceous solid residue is discharged through the sluice feeder while cooling discharge.
Installation for processing organic material comprises means for supplying raw materials to the pyrolysis reactor with a reaction chamber gas mixture separation system and means for unloading. gas mixture separation system is designed as a cyclone installed in series, the catalyst packing, condenser, mass transfer columns, active centrifugal cyclone, and a centrifugal fan vane regulator. As a means for discharging the installed airlock discharge spout is formed as a box body, and inside which are fixed the upper and lower plates with two cylindrical holes and rectangular block having a cylindrical chamber in the middle portion and mounted for reciprocating movement between the upper and lower plates. The upper plate is connected through a first cylindrical bore with the bottom of the reactor for pyrolysis, and through the second cylindrical hole with a steam chamber, provided with a spray and a lid to which is attached an outlet for removing vapor and the lower plate through the second cylindrical hole connected to the chamber blanking. The camera is equipped with a hinged lid blanking, reactor for pyrolysis is provided with an annular combustion chamber, at the bottom of the reaction chamber around him. The capacitor is connected to a condensate collection through a cooler and mass transfer column is connected with the collection of fuel and liquid through a cooler and centrifugal active cyclone is connected to the collector of the fuel fluid. Vane controller is connected with an annular combustion chamber and a heat source that one output is connected to the dryer, and the other - through the fan to release the tube. The annular combustion chamber is equipped with a tangential supply of fuel components, entrance, which houses the burner with a device for ionization arc ignition input fuel components and radial outputs located on the perimeter of the reaction chamber to the pyrolysis reactor. A reactor for pyrolysis is provided by the gateway a dispenser designed as a box body, inside which are fixed the upper and lower plates with cylindrical holes, between which is mounted for reciprocating movement a rectangular block with a cylindrical chamber in the middle part.
However, the fuel components obtained in this installation: liquid fuel, char and pyrolysis gas - have low quality. The resulting liquid fuel represents a fraction of the viscous mass with high oxygen compounds (phenols, acids, alcohols) and its characteristics significantly different from the conventionally used hydrocarbon fuels. The char is a solid carbonaceous residue with inclusions not processed organic feed and pyrolysis gas is a lean gas with low content of combustible components and requires a thorough purification for further use.
An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus that would be used as the starting organic material, the organic portion of any solid municipal and industrial waste, waste derived from biomass, low-calorie solid materials, all kinds of waste rubber products, including the worn tires and polymer waste and high quality for the fuel components, several fractions of liquid hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-containing fuel coal and fuel gas. Main area of use of the obtained fuel components is assumed as a fuel for vehicles and heat power plants, boilers which provide heat and electric power companies and municipalities.
The stated technical problem is solved in that are changed solution before being loaded into the reactor in the organic feed injected catalyst carried preheating and additional purging organic material from oxygen, for uniform and complete processing of raw materials to the reactor at least at two locations gas is introduced coolant, which is prepared outside the reactor, and the separation of the gas-vapor mixture is produced by its stepwise passing through the separating apparatus, which is isolated from a mixture of at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons and the fuel gas, after which the mixture is passed through a heat exchanger to collect residual liquid hydrocarbon fractions, then the mixture is sent a cyclone separator, where the final liquid hydrocarbon fraction is separated and the purified fuel gas is sent for further use.
Furthermore, the gaseous heat carrier is prepared from a mixture, which is introduced into the liquid hydrocarbons.
Furthermore, the coolant gas is introduced into the purified fuel gas.
Furthermore, an additional preheating and purging oxygen from organic raw fuel gas is carried out.
Installation for thermochemical processing of organic material in the fuel components supplied by system preheating and purging the oxygen organic material before it is fed into the reactor, the reactor has at least two input devices gaseous coolant, and the device for the preparation of the gaseous coolant is installed outside the reactor and connected each input device a gaseous coolant, with each input device the gaseous heat carrier is designed as a hollow ring, the inner surface of which is perforated, and the upper surface is inclined to the axis of the reactor, the system separation gas mixture formed as a series of separating units, wherein the separating apparatus is installed is not and at least two are arranged to acquire at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons.
Further, the outer diameter of the hollow ring gaseous coolant entering the reactor unit is equal to the inner diameter of the reactor and the inner diameter of the hollow ring is 0.7-0.75 of the reactor internal diameter.
In addition, the separation devices arranged in series and connected piping for drainage, mixing and feeding the resulting fractions of liquid hydrocarbons.
1 is a schematic diagram of a plant for thermochemical processing
organic raw materials in the fuel components.
Figure 2 - the node I in Figure 1, the input device is designed gaseous coolant.
Installation for thermochemical processing of organic materials in the fuel component comprises a reactor 1, which is mounted vertically and is designed for thermochemical processing. For dispensing organic starting materials in one reactor it is rigidly mounted and hermetically connected to it the dispenser 2. It is designed as a vertical cylindrical chamber in the upper and lower parts of which are set rotary valves 3 and 4. A feed dispenser in organic materials 2 installation is provided with means for loading raw material (not shown in the diagram), which produces the preparation of organic raw materials: separating inorganic impurities and metals, drying and grinding, and a catalyst added thereto. Installation system provided preheating and purging oxygen from organic material before it is fed to the reactor 1 comprising a supply pipe 5 and outlet conduit 6. The inlet conduit 5 is situated at the bottom of the dispenser 2 is directly above the lower rotary valve 4, a discharge pipe 6 is placed directly under the top rotary valve 3.
For uniform and complete processing of the raw material placed in the reactor 1, at least two input devices gaseous coolant 7 and 8, the device 7 is placed in the bottom of the reactor 1 and the device 8 - in the middle part of the reactor 1. The preparation is carried out in gaseous coolant device for the preparation of gaseous coolant 9, which is installed outside the reactor 1 and is sealingly connected by pipelines 10 and 11 with each device input gaseous coolant 7 and 8. Moreover, in the pipeline 11 installed damper 12 for adjusting the coolant gas entering the process in the reactor 1.
Each coolant gas input device is designed as a hollow ring, the inner surface 13 of which is perforated, and the upper surface 14 is inclined to the axis of the reactor 1. The external diameter of the hollow ring gaseous coolant input devices equal to the inner diameter of the reactor 1, and the inner diameter of the hollow ring is 0 , 7-0,75 the inner diameter of the reactor 1. This device is designed to loosen reprocessible organic feed directly into the reactor 1 at the same time more evenly cooled process gas feed.
To the bottom of reactor 1 is connected to means for discharging the solid carbonaceous residue - coal fuel. It includes, for example, the rotary valve 15, combined with it closed envelope horizontal screw conveyor 16 and the rotary valve 17 mounted on output conveyor 16. To cool the solid carbonaceous residue present in screw conveyor 16, the fuel gas is cooled using, for which auger casing 16 are mounted nozzles 18 and input terminal 19 of the fuel gas.
For liquid and gas components constituting the fuel system installation is provided with separating gas mixture formed in the reactor 1. The system is designed as a series of separation devices 20, 21, 22 and 23, heat exchanger 24 and a cyclone separator 25.
To obtain at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons separating apparatus must be set not less than two. In a statement, the installation has four dividing apparatus 20, 21, 22 and 23 to provide three fractions of liquid hydrocarbons. A separator between the apparatuses 20, 21, 22 and 23 are connected in series. The first separating unit 20 is connected with the reactor 1, a conduit 26, and the fourth heat exchanger 23 is connected to the conduit 27. Heat exchanger 24, 24 is connected to the cyclone separator 25, conduit 28.
Three tanks for collecting liquid hydrocarbons obtained set of fractions 29, 30 and 31 which are connected by pipelines with a separating apparatus. Volume 29, conduit 32 is connected to the separating device 20, conduit 33, tank 30 with a separating device 21. A container 31, conduit 34 is connected to the separation apparatus 22 and conduit 35 - to the separation device 23.
The lower part of the cyclone separator 25 is connected to the conduit 36 with the container 31, and the output from the separator cyclone 25 at the top of the set draft machines 37 and in series with it, set the equalizing receiver 38, which conduit 39 is connected to a device for the preparation of gaseous coolant 9 . Additionally, the receiver equalizer 38 may be connected to the thermal power plant 40.
The method of thermochemical processing of organic materials in the fuel components is as follows.
Before loading in the reactor 1 the organic feedstock is a catalyst for full processing of raw materials and obtain high-quality fuel components. Received by the two spout portion organic material and optionally pre-heated oxygen is purged from the fuel gas obtained filed in the dispenser 2 via a supply pipe 5. The fuel gas is already cooled through the discharge pipe 6 is directed to an apparatus for preparing a gaseous coolant 9. Further prepared was charged and warmed feedstock the reactor 1.
Process thermochemical processing organic materials is carried out directly in the reactor 1. In the reactor 1, which, at least at two locations by means of the coolant gas is introduced coolant gas input devices 7 and 8 which are distributed over the height of the reactor 1 in order to complete and uniform treatment of the raw material. The gaseous coolant is prepared in one reactor apparatus for preparing a gaseous mixture of the coolant 9, in which the composition is administered including the purified fuel gas, air and liquid hydrocarbon fraction. Filed through the perforated surface 13 of each internal devices 7 and 8 of the coolant gas uniformly treats raw material, and the upper inclined surface 14 does not allow the sinter cake and the treated mass. Processed weight, as it passes from the top to the reactor bottom 1 is converted into a solid carbonaceous residue - the fuel of coal, and the image at the same time vapor-gas mixture rises and after removal via line 26 enters the separation system, which produces the separation of the gas mixture into a liquid and gaseous components of the fuel components. Separating vapor mixture is produced by passing it through a stepped separating apparatus 20, 21, 22 and 23, which is isolated from a mixture of at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons. Assigned amount units separation allows to obtain three fractions of liquid hydrocarbons. The mixture was passed through a heat exchanger 24 for collecting residual liquid hydrocarbon fractions. The mixture was fed into a cyclone separator 25, where the final fraction of liquid hydrocarbons is separated and purified with the fuel gas through the receiver equalizer 38 is sent for further use - for the preparation of gaseous coolant for cooling the resultant coal as a fuel for a power plant.
The resulting liquid hydrocarbon fraction is drained into tank: 29 - heavier fraction mazutoobraznuyu; 30 - less heavy, close to diesel fuel; 31 - lighter close to gasoline.
The resultant solid carbonaceous residue - the fuel coal is discharged from the reactor 1 through the sluice valve 15 and the conveyor 16, where the coal is cooled, which from equalizing receiver 38 to the shell of the screw conveyor 16 through inlet 18 is introduced cooled fuel gas is already heated, deduce its through an output pipe 19, then directed through the gas inlet pipe 5 into the dispenser 2 for preheating the purge and additional organic feed. For a better flow of gas mixture separation process and obtaining higher quality hydrocarbon fractions in liquid separation apparatus is fed from the tanks already received liquid hydrocarbons.
The use of the proposed technical solutions possible to create a process of thermochemical processing of the organic component of all kinds of waste, as a result of which receive fuel of high quality components, namely, fuel coal, hydrocarbon fuel gas and a few fractions of liquid hydrocarbons, which can be used as fuel for vehicles, . power plants, boiler rooms, etc. in addition, the proposed method of thermochemical processing of waste, debris and low calorific fuel has a number of advantages: the extremely low demand for electricity, wasteless, environmentally friendly, and he contributes to the improvement of ecological situation of the territory in which this method is used.
CLAIM
1. A process for thermochemical conversion of organic materials into fuel components comprising a feedstock reactor for loading thermochemical refining, thermochemical refining, carried in a stream of gaseous coolant introduced into the bottom of the reactor, discharging the carbonaceous solid residue and separation of gas mixture into liquid and gas components, wherein in that, before loading into the reactor in the organic feed injected catalyst carried preheating and additional purging organic material from oxygen, for uniform and complete processing of raw materials to the reactor at least at two locations, injected gaseous coolant, which is prepared outside the reactor, and separation of the gas-vapor mixture is produced by its stepwise passing through the separating apparatus, which is isolated from a mixture of at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons and the fuel gas, after which the mixture is passed through a heat exchanger to collect residual fractions of liquid hydrocarbons, then the mixture was sent to a cyclone separator, where the final liquid hydrocarbon fraction is separated and the purified fuel gas is sent for further use.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous heat carrier is prepared from a mixture, which is introduced into the liquid hydrocarbons.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous coolant is introduced into the purified fuel gas.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preheating and additional purge oxygen from organic raw fuel gas is carried out.
5. Apparatus for thermo-chemical processing of organic material in the fuel components, comprising: means for loading raw material, a reactor for thermochemical processing device for preparing a gaseous coolant and a gaseous coolant input device to the reactor gas mixture separation system for unloading solid carbonaceous means, wherein that the installation is provided with a system of preheating and purging the oxygen organic material before it is fed into the reactor, the reactor has at least two input devices gaseous coolant, and the device for the preparation of the gaseous coolant is installed outside the reactor and connected to each input device of gaseous coolant wherein each unit of gaseous coolant entering configured as a hollow ring, the inner surface of which is perforated, and the upper surface is inclined to the axis of the reactor, the system separation gas mixture formed as a series of separating units, wherein the separating apparatus is set not less than two and they are located with possibility of obtaining at least two fractions of liquid hydrocarbons.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer diameter of the hollow ring input devices gaseous coolant into the reactor is equal to the inner diameter of the reactor and the inner diameter of the hollow ring is 0.7-0.75 internal reactor diameter.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the separator devices are arranged in series and connected to drain piping system, mixing and supplying liquid hydrocarbon fractions obtained.
print version
Publication date 09.04.2007gg
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