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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2160304

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLID FUEL FROM
Industrial and household waste

Name of the inventor: Regents VV .; Mezherytskyi Br.e. .; Krivenko IV .; Andreeva TV
The name of the patentee: State Kazan Scientific-Production Enterprise to them. IN AND. Lenin; LLC "Bison"
Address for correspondence: 420101, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, st. Acad. Parin, 6, kv.57, Krivenko IV
Starting date of the patent: 2000.02.29

The invention relates to the production of solid fuels and can be used as a substitute for natural solid fuel. Method are as follows: deposits of urban waste water (SALT) and cellulose materials (CM), vegetable, wood-based (or industrial waste drevopererabatyvayuschey, pulp and paper and other industries, containing similar waste) is introduced into the sediment before mechanically dewatering in the amount of 0 - 95% by dry weight of fuel and triturated with SALT until homogeneous to form two types of cellulose fibers: long - from fiber size of 0.1 - 1.0 mm and a short - with fiber sizes less than 0.05 mm. The resulting mixture is degreased in the sludge drying beds to a moisture content of not more than 85%, the method is milled with a humidity of no more than 65%. Then, the fuel is dried semifinished product at a temperature not lower than 80 o C and compressed to a fuel cell (pellets or granules), or burned in a pulverized state. For the continuous conduct of the process dewatering on sludge beds is carried out in three silt maps working cycle according to the scheme: "lapping original prepared homogeneous mass on sludge card" - "dehydration (drainage, evaporation, freezing out)" - "processing by milling technology (layer-milling, tedding and cleaning). " Drying can be obtained by "milling technology" fuel material with a moisture content not exceeding 50%. The invention solves the issues of ecology, economy, natural resources, waste management and the intensification of the production of fuel materials that can be used in everyday life, boilers household purpose, in thermal power plants, in the furnaces of railway wagons.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of fuel materials based on urban sewage sludge (WWS) and can be used as a substitute for natural solid fuel such as coal in the home, boilers household purpose, in thermal power plants, in the furnaces of railway wagons.

There are technical solutions for use as a fertilizer in the SALT [see. eg Gumen SG Processing and recycling of deposits of urban waste water // Water supply and sanitary engineering. - 1995. - N 4.- pp 6-8; Nefedov YI sludge treatment of municipal wastewater in Russia. // Water supply and sanitary engineering. - 1996. - N 1.- P. 9.]. However, due to the mixing of domestic and industrial waste water in most municipal wastewater treatment plants in the sediments contain heavy metals in amounts several times higher than the MPC for soil. Therefore, the use of SALT as a fertilizer in agriculture is impossible.

Technical solutions are known for use as fuel SALT fuel compositions component due to high organic content (up to 80 ... 85%) as a part of SALT. Formulations and methods of processing materials into fuel SALT described, for example, in patent N 4111442 (Germany, MKI C 10 L 5/40, 9/00) from 07.02.92, the (world Inventions - 1993, N 10 - 3 C. ); Patent N 2248848 (United Kingdom, MCI C 10 L 5/46) on 22.04.92, the (Inventions of the world - 1993, N 9 - P.19); Patent N 5125931 (US, MCI C 10 L 5/14, 5/46) from 30.06.92, the (Inventions of the world - 1994, N 1 - C 26). The combustion of SALT in the resulting ash metals are in the form of nonleachable forms [see. eg. Comprehensive assessment of technologies of recycling of deposits of sewage of galvanic manufactures / SS Timofeev, A. Baranova, AE Balayan, LD Zubarev / Chemistry and technology of water. - 1991. - V. 13, N 1, p. 68 - 71), which makes the prospect of the chosen direction of utilization and meets environmental requirements.

The prototype of the invention is patent N 5125931 (US) on 6/30/92, according to which for the fuel briquette charcoal mixed with solid sediments of urban waste water in a ratio of 0.5 ... 2 parts carbon to 1 part of solid sewage sludge ( based on dry weight), and the resulting mass is pressed into briquettes with humidity of 8 ... 13% pressurized .351,5 .. 70 kg / cm 2.

The described method has significant disadvantages and is not widely used because, firstly, according to patent N 5125931 (US) for the production of coal briquettes used, relating to non-renewable natural resources. Secondly, coal is used requires transportation and preparation. Third, to produce fuel source material pellet humidity 96 ... 99%, resulting in sewage treatment plants, should be dried to a residual moisture content 8 ... 13%, which requires enormous energy for drying. As a result, the fuel produced materials are expensive and uncompetitive.

Reduction of energy consumption in the production of fuels contributes to preliminary dewatering, in which moisture is removed free. Existing methods of mechanical dehydration SALT reduce sludge moisture content up to 70 ... 75%, but they require the use of expensive ftokulyantov. Most rasprostravenny in Russia SALT dehydration method in vivo in the sludge beds allows for humidity 75 ... 80%. This process is quite lengthy and requires diversion of large land areas under the sludge beds and sludge landfills. The absence of further processing technologies SALT complicates the work of treatment facilities and the negative impact on the ecological environment.

The purpose of this invention is to overcome these drawbacks, namely:

- Reduction of energy consumption in the production of fuel materials;

- Creation of an efficient solid fuel with high energy and consumer properties is not required for the production of non-renewable natural resources.

This object is achieved in that the sewage sludge before the dehydration of cellulose material are introduced in an amount of 0 ... 95% by dry weight of the fuel, the resulting mixture is ground until a homogeneous mass to form two types of cellulose fibers: long - with fiber dimensions 0.1 . ..1,0 Mm and short - a fiber size of less than 0.05 mm, dewatered on drying beds to a moisture content of not more than 85%, is milled in layers to a depth of no more than 30 mm, to stir up and removed pneumatically with humidity less than 65% dried at a temperature not lower than 80 degrees Celsius, in the form of pressed briquettes or granulates molding or burned in a pulverized state.

In addition to the above, the goal is achieved by the fact that obezvozhivavie on sludge beds is carried out on three silt maps working cycle according to the scheme: "lapping original prepared homogeneous mass on sludge card" - "dehydration (drainage, evaporation, freezing out)" - "processing for milling technology (layer-milling, turning and cleaning). " Drying is carried out on the obtained "Milling technology" fuel material with a moisture content of not more than 50%.

The positive effect of the proposed method for producing a solid fuel based on the SALT achieved by using crushed to a certain size of cellulose materials (CM), vegetable, wood-based or industrial waste wood processing, pulp and paper and other industries, containing similar waste. Together with frayed SALT, cellulosic materials can significantly intensify the process of homogeneous mass of dehydration, including under natural conditions on sludge beds.

Formed in the joint grinding SALT CM cellulose fibers with 0.1 ... 1.0 mm act as a filter aid, which improves the structural and mechanical indicators SALT, in particular, increases the porosity (vol. E. The ratio of the pore volume and the precipitate ) and increases the compressibility index precipitate. As a result of dehydration comes incompressible highly porous precipitate that does not silt surface drainage sludge beds.

Formed in the process of grinding SALT CM with cellulose fibers of less than 0.05 mm by mechanical degradation of cellulose have specific surface properties, explains the physical-chemical theory grinding polymeric fibrous materials [see. for example, NK Baramboym Mechanical destruction of high-molecular compounds. - M .: Chemistry, 1978. - 84 s].. On the surface of each fiber forms a surface layer of active macro- able to adsorb on the surface of fine particles of SALT. and due to mechanical effects on cellulose-containing material is a partial dissolution of the cellulose in the dispersion medium and the precipitate dissolved macromolecules interaction with the surface of the dispersed phase leading to the formation of large aggregates and durable. As a result, the rate of deposition of the dispersed phase homogeneous mass "SALT - CM" increases in 2 ... 2,5 times to accelerate the process of removing the supernatant water through the upper overflow sludge beds system.

In sludge dewatering sites homogeneous mass "SALT + CM" to a moisture content of not more than 85%. For continuous circulation of the process provided for sludge drying beds, to this end, they are divided into 3 line cards:

- First line - sludge beds for lapping initial wet mixture prepared "SALT + CM";

- Second line - sludge beds for dewatering (drainage, evaporation and freezing) to a moisture content of not more than 85%;

- Third line - sludge beds for processing dehydrated mass in "milling technology."

Sludge recycling work conducted cyclically in three phases as follows:

- During the first year is filled prepared homogeneous mass "SALT + CM" first line of sludge beds cards;

- In the second year there is a mixture of dehydrated "SALT + CM" on sludge beds the first line card and filling a homogeneous mass "SALT + CM" second-line maps;

- During the third year takes place on the cleaning "Milling technology" dried to a moisture content of not more than 85% of the mixture "SALT + CM" from the first line cards, line cards dehydration second and third filling line cards sludge beds.

From the fourth year there is a cycle repetition, and the prepared homogeneous mass "SALT + CM" enters the vacated first line cards sludge drying beds, the second card line occurs cleaning the dried mixture "SALT + CM", and the third card line - its dehydration.

The proposed scheme works on the recycling of urban sewage sludge can be used SALT freezing effect in vivo, ie. A. As a result of seasonal freezing and thawing is a sharp reduction in the specific filtration resistance and the intensification of the dewatering process.

Dehydrated sludge beds in the mix "SALT + CM" is further processed by "milling technology", a cycle which consists of three stages:

- I of step - getting the milling chips by layers of surface-milling the mixture to a depth of no more than 30 mm milling drums;

- Stage II of - turning and milling chips drying layer on the surface of the production area to a moisture content of not more than 65%;

- III of step - cleaning the fuel semi-pneumatically.

Milling is carried out strictly to the desired depth over the entire area of ​​the card with overlapping cutters previously sfrezerovannoy band in each work pass 0.1. ..0,2 M. Oversize milling depth increases the humidity of the finished or semi-finished products leads to delay and even failure of the cycle with a sharp deterioration in the weather or atmospheric precipitation. In order to maximize the cycle time for drying milling chips milling is performed simultaneously with cleaning the crumbs, dried in the previous cycle.

Once on the surface milling crumb layer spreading in a thin dry layer, which prevents the movement of the surface moisture evaporation from the particles located at the bottom in order to reduce the drying process is performed tedding. When tedding occurs loosening and aeration layer when moist air between the particles is replaced by drier from the surrounding atmosphere. In addition, turning and broken capillary link layer milling the crumbs with a damp sub-genres, which in some cases may be reduced in the course of drying.

When tedding particles from the surface of the milling crumb layer stacked on the subsoil and lower raw rise to the surface, ie, in fact the whole layer of the milling chips as it rotates 180 degrees. At the same time to increase the evaporation surface layer during tedding it is given a corrugated surface. tedding process is carried out not earlier than 3 hours after drying, milling.

During the processing of WWS "Milling technology" on the performance of the equipment kits can be used operations consisting of cleaning, of milling hopper pneumatic harvesting (eg, such as FFT or CPP-6.4, etc..) And agitators (eg, such as VF-19, VF -18S3A, Navy or Navy-6A-4, etc.). Combines the type of FFT and the CPP are equipped with pneumatic installation for collecting the dried crumbs milling distance from the bunker and pin milling drum (for example, type BF) for milling deposits on the area are exempt from the dry milling chips.

After milling, drying and cleaning of one layer of the milling chips on this map sludge being operational area, produced a new milling and all the stages of "milling technology" are repeated in sequence. The duration of one cycle is not more than one day.

Obtained by "milling technology" prefabricated fuel with not more than 65% moisture is directed to the drying phase which in order to precipitate the decontamination is carried out at a temperature of the flue gases is not less than 80 degrees Celsius. As a fuel for drying devices can be used for producing fuel of the semi-finished product, having a moisture content of not more than 50%. Dried further prefabricated fuel is compressed into a fuel cell (briquettes, granules) or burned in a pulverized state.

The proposed method allows to obtain on the basis of deposits of urban waste water, solid fuels, which have thermal characteristics (Q n, ash content of A, T zharoproizvoditelnostyu calorific value), shown in Table 1. From this table shows that fuel-based materials OSV in their heat engineering characteristics are at the level of brown coal and peat exceed.

It follows from the foregoing that the proposed method of producing solid fuels on the basis of urban sewage sludge is of practical value, which is as follows:

replacing non-renewable coal resources in the waste cellulosic materials;

joint utilization of SALT and the CM in fuel materials;

SALT failure in dewatering the use of expensive flocculants;

intensification of the process of dehydration homogeneous mass on the sludge beds in the production of fuel materials;

reducing energy consumption in the process of disposal of the SALT and the production of fuel materials;

reducing the costs of producing fuels;

reducing pollution fallout of urban waste water and production of cellulose waste.

Furthermore, the invention enables the fuel and energy balance of the country and further znergoresursy solve environmental issues, saving natural resources and waste management.

CLAIM

  1. A method for producing a solid fuel on the basis of urban sewage sludge, characterized in that the sewage sludge before the dehydration introduced cellulosic material in an amount of 0 - 95% by dry mass of fuel, the resulting mixture is ground until a homogeneous mass to form a pulp of two fiber types: long - with a fiber size of 0.1 - 1.0 mm, and short - with fiber size of less than 0.05 mm, dewatered on drying beds to a moisture content of not more than 85%, it is milled in layers to a depth of no more than 30 mm, to stir up and removed pneumatically from humidity not exceeding 65%, it is dried at a temperature not lower than 80 o C, in the form of pressed briquettes or granulates molding or burned in a pulverized state.

  2. A method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration is carried out at the drying beds for the three cards sludge working cycle according to the scheme: "initial lapping prepared sludge to a homogeneous mass map" - "dehydration (drainage, evaporation, freezing)" - "processing for milling technology (layer-milling, turning and cleaning)."

  3. A method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying is carried out by milling technology derived fuel material with a moisture content not exceeding 50%.

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Publication date 01.01.2007gg