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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2178455

METHOD FOR PRODUCING hydrocarbon fuel

Name of the inventor: GN Delyagin .; Petrakov AP .; Erokhin SF .; Dunyasheva VL
The name of the patentee: State Unitary Enterprise Scientific and Production Association "Gidrotruboprovod"
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 2000.11.09

The invention relates to a method of producing coal-water fuel vysokodemineralizovannogo, in particular to the energy from fossil fuels coal, which can be used for combustion in boilers, furnaces and other objects of power plants by replacing them and gas oil. A method of producing coal-water fuel fossil coal includes coal crushing his wet grinding to obtain a coal-water slurry, demineralization step pulverized coal to reduce its ash content to form the primary and secondary products, their subsequent demineralization and dehydration. Wet coal grinding is carried out until the size of the colloidal particles to produce a coal-water slurry with an average size of the dispersed phase surface is not more than 3 microns. The resulting suspension was diluted with water to a concentration of 1-3% coal and demineralization of primary and secondary products is carried out jointly by combining products with similar ash content value. The method allows to obtain vysokodemineralizovannoe clean hydrocarbon fuel "ECOWOOT" on the basis of fossil coal, water and other chemical ingredients (if necessary), designed to replace gas and oil to fuel-consuming installations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method of producing coal-water fuel vysokodemineralizovannogo, in particular to the energy from fossil fuels coal, which can be used for combustion in boilers, furnaces and other objects of power plants by replacing them and gas oil.

There is a method of coal-water fuel production, including the enrichment of pulverized coal by oil agglomeration / USSR Patent N 1838384A3, cl. C 10 L 1/32, 1987 /.

However, this method does not provide a high degree of reduction in the mineral content of impurities in the fuel due to the fact that the enrichment is subjected to large enough charcoal (400 microns). At this size, coal particles can not be reached the maximum degree of separation of the organic and mineral components of the coal and fossil hence its high enrichment.

Furthermore, the method of producing a fuel is technologically complicated, since the enrichment of the coal using a variety of chemicals that are added to the coal in a small amount (fraction of a percent by weight of the coal).

Of the known methods of producing coal-water fuel closest to the claimed is a method comprising coal demineralization (multi-stage froth flotation) to reduce it to ash and pyrite / US patent N 4915706, cl. C 10 L 1/32, 1990 / (prototype).

The known method comprises the steps of: coal crushing, wet crushing, classification (screening), a stepped demineralization (froth flotation) of ground solid phase to reduce its ash to form primary (ash content below the ash content of the solid phase at the inlet of each demineralizing stage) and secondary (from ash ash above the solid phase at the input of each stage demineralization) products and their separate demineralization, dehydration and preparation of coal-water fuel.

The process of producing coal-water fuel comprises:

- Fossil coal crushing to a size - 19 mm (3/4 inch);

- Wet grinding of crushed coal to a size - 0.589 mm (28 mesh);

- Adding water and chemicals to the pulverized coal for at least one stage of froth flotation to reduce ash and pyrite removal;

- The addition of water and chemicals to coal with low ash content and pyrite for reverse flotation process, carried out in order to remove small inclusions of pyrite from coal;

- Coal dewatering (primary and secondary products) after the process of froth flotation and reverse flotation;

- Preparing a slurry from the dewatered coal (primary product) used as coal-water fuel.

It said manufacturing method has the following disadvantages.

1. In order to reduce the ash content of coal, coal-water production coming to fuel enrichment using conventional techniques based on froth flotation of coal, are not capable of providing a high level in the demineralizing coal because coal floated class - 589 microns (28 mesh) with a high content in the aqueous slurry (10-20%).

2. There is no possibility of regulating the removal of mineral impurities system to a predetermined level of fuel and ash flotation waste.

3. High degree of dependence on the flow charts of composition and properties of fossil coal.

The aim of the present invention to provide a cleaner vysokodemineralizovannogo coal-water fuel "ECOWOOT" from fossil coal, water and other chemical constituents (if necessary), intended to replace the gas and fuel to fuel-consuming installations.

To achieve this goal, the proposed method comprising coal crushing, its wet grinding to give a coal-water slurry, a step demineralization pulverized coal to reduce its ash to form primary and secondary products and their subsequent demineralization and dehydration, as opposed to the prior art wet grinding of coal is carried to colloidal particle size to give a coal-water slurry with an average size of the dispersed phase surface is not more than 3 m, the resulting suspension was diluted with water to a concentration of 1.3% carbon, demineralization of primary and secondary products is carried out jointly by combining products with similar ash content value.

The principal difference from the prototype is that the solid phase is subjected to a demineralization of coal-water fuel "ECOWOOT" colloid milled to a size (the average size of the surface is not more than 3 microns), the process is the removal of mineral impurities at low solids concentrations (1.3% by weight) and flows of primary and secondary products of each step are combined in such a demineralization circuit which provides the desired levels of the respective ash coal-water fuel and waste.

When the average surface size of the dispersed phase particles is not more than 3 m occurs significantly higher in comparison with the prototype, the degree of separation of the organic and mineral coal components including inorganic substances of vegetable origin, which makes it possible to obtain a higher degree of coal demineralization during multistage demineralization.

Furthermore, at a weight solids content of a coal slurry of 1-3% of the distance between the particles of the order of 5/4 of the particle diameter that contributes to more efficient leak by comparison with the prototype, the froth flotation process and provide better conditions for given levels of fuel ash and waste.

In addition to the differences in the method of producing coal-water fuel processes speed coal demineralization (primary production) and coal extraction from the secondary products (and the method step of demineralization) merged into a single closed system (demineralization of primary and secondary products is carried out jointly by combining products with a similar value of ash) , functioning as a single unit, the output of which produces only two products: vysokodemineralizovannaya coal-water slurry and freed of organic by-product from the ash content of about 90%.

The schematic diagram illustrates the inventive method.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING hydrocarbon fuel

Fossil coal free of rock (or gravitational separation porodovyborka), is crushed in a hammer mill to a particle size - 3 mm and further comminuted in a wet ball mill to particles of colloidal size surface with an average size of less than 3 microns. At the exit of the ball mill is added to the coal slurry with the calculated amount of water so that the input to the system file demineralization diluted to a concentration of 3.1% suspension. Prepared thus low-concentration colloidal coal system is sent to the demineralization unit, which is a two-line devices, such as flotation, namely, the first line of the group P (1) - P (n), where n - the number of units of the first line, which depends on the initial properties coal and fuel requirements. Next is the traditional process of froth flotation to produce low ash flotation machine on each of the primary and the secondary of high-products. Since the second unit organizes the return of secondary products flotation F (i), where i - the number flotation, the input flotation F (i-1) in which the ash content of the incoming solid or primary products A y d (i-1)) is close returned to the ash by-products A xb d (i).

Similarly organized secondary process of demineralization apparatus of the first product P (1).

Secondary product flotation F (1) sent to the input of flotation second line FF (1) - FF (m), intended for demineralization secondary products flotation F (1), where m - number of devices of the second line, which depends on the initial properties of coal and requirements for waste fuel production "ECOWOOT". Next, and is a traditional process such as froth flotation, so that the primary product comprising demineralized solid phase from the first flotation this group of FF (1) is returned to the input of flotation (F1) of the first line demineralization, and from the second flotation FF (2 ) - return the primary product of the input flotation FF (i-1) in which the ash entering the demineralization secondary products of a x d (i-1)) is close to the ash return secondary product y d (i), and the secondary product - entrance following flotation.

The output of the first group flotation F (1) - F (n) obtained vysokodemineralizovanny charcoal (primary product), and the output of the second group FF flotation (1) - FF (m) of high-obtained secondary products.

Further demineralised coal (primary product) is dewatered to a predetermined humidity, if necessary, introduce chemical additives, homogenized, and consumers are willing to give hydrocarbon fuel "ECOWOOT" with the properties specified by the customer.

Products of high-secondary demineralization process is dewatered and disposed of.

Number demineralization steps (n) and (m) depends on the physico-chemical properties of coal and fossil fuel requirements of the consumer "ECOWOOT" to its ash content.

Technological parameters of these processes is determined by calculation methods at the design stage of the object producing fuel according to experimental tests of coal samples.

Example 1.

Fuel "ECOWOOT" on the basis of coal ash content, mark D A d = 20%

fuel requirements:

- Net calorific value - 15 MJ / kg,

- Dynamic viscosity - 0.5 Pa · s,

- Sedimentation stability - 10 days

- The ash content in the dry state - 2.5%.

Coal removed from the rock, crushed to a size - 3 mm and ground in a ball mill at a humidity of 60% to a particle size - 160 microns. Humidity at the outlet of the mill coal-water slurry is adjusted to 97%, after which the suspension flow fed to the input of demineralization flotation unit. In order to reduce the ash content of the solid phase from 20 to 2-2.5% is necessary to pass the six stages of demineralization that is to have flotation system of six (n = 6) of the first group. To the maximum extent away from the organic portion of coal by-products need to provide two flotation stages and two have a system of flotation (m = 2) of the second group.

The output of the system is obtained demineralized coal (primary product) with an ash content of 2.3% and by-products with 85% ash content.

After concentrating demineralized coal (primary product) to 43% moisture is introduced stabilizer CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) in an amount of 0.3% by weight of the solid fuel and homogenized. The output of the system receive fuel "ECOWOOT" with a lower calorific value of 15 MJ / kg and given the physico-chemical, structural and mechanical properties.

Example 2.

Fuel "ECOWOOT" on the basis of hard coal grades K ash A d = 12%

fuel requirements:

- Net calorific value - 17 MJ / kg,

- Dynamic viscosity - 0.7 Pa · s,

- Sedimentation stability - more than 5 days,

- The ash content in the dry state - 1.5%.

Coal removed from the rock, crushed to a size - 3 mm and ground in a ball mill at a humidity of 55% to a particle size - 200 microns. The output of the mill coal-water adjusted to a humidity of 97%, after which the suspension flow fed to the input of demineralization flotation unit.

In order to reduce the ash content of the solid phase to 1.3-1.5 with 12% necessary to pass four demineralization step, that is to have a system of four flotation (N = 4) of the first group. To the maximum extent away from the organic portion of coal by-products need to provide three stages of flotation and have flotation system of three (m = 4) of the second group.

The output of the system is obtained demineralized coal (primary product) with an ash content of 1.4% and by-products with 91% ash content.

After concentrating demineralized coal (primary product) to a moisture content of 40%, is administered plasticizer P-3 in an amount of 0.2% by weight of the solid phase is introduced in an amount of stabilizer is CMC 0.4% by weight of the solid fuel and homogenized. The output of the system receive the fuel with a lower calorific value of 17 MJ / kg and given the physico-chemical, structural and mechanical properties.

Thus, the proposed method of producing coal-water fuel "ECOWOOT" is carried out on a continuous self-regulating technology, simple to implement and provides vysokodemineralizovannogo fuel consumer with desired properties. Thus obtained fuel ash content may be reduced to 0.5-2%, significantly superior to the data presented in the prior art 3.45 and 5.16%.

The proposed method of obtaining fuel "ECOWOOT" to be used in the production of coal-water fuel instead of oil to Lithuania and CHP Vorkuta TPP.

CLAIM

A method of producing coal-water fuel of fossil coal including coal crushing, its wet grinding to give a coal-water slurry, a step demineralization pulverized coal to reduce its ash to form primary and secondary products and their subsequent demineralization and dehydration, characterized in that the wet grinding of coal is carried to colloidal particle size to give a coal-water slurry with an average size of the dispersed phase surface is not more than 3 m, the resulting suspension was diluted with water to a concentration of 1.3% carbon, demineralization of primary and secondary products is carried out jointly by combining products with similar ash content value.

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Publication date 01.01.2007gg