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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2147029
FUEL BRIQUET AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION
The name of the inventor: Lurii Valery Grigorievich
The name of the patent owner: Lurii Valery Grigorievich
Address for correspondence: 125315, Moscow, ul. Liza Chaykina, 4, building 1, apt.190 Luria V.G.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.04.05
The invention relates to solid molded fuel technology and can be used for domestic and industrial needs. A fuel briquette is described on the basis of a mixture of crushed solid fuel from a group of plant wastes and / or coal and / or coke breeze and a binder of the group consisting of lignosulfonate, molasses, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof, characterized in that the binder further comprises synthetic wax - The product of the production of polyethylene or propylene, or paraffin or paraffin wax and / or cement or clay and / or a precipitate from wastewater treatment with the following component ratio, by weight: binder of the group lignosulphonate, molasses, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof 18; Additional binder of the synthetic wax group, or paraffin or paraffinic dung 1-7, and / or cement or clay 1-20, and / or a precipitate from wastewater treatment 2-25 with a total content of at least three binders 5-50, Crushed solid fuel - up to 100. The method of obtaining a briquette is described. The technical result is the creation of fuel briquettes with optimal reactivity and strength to reduce costs when using them.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the production technology of solid shaped fuel and can be used for domestic and industrial needs.
A fuel briquette is known based on a mixture of crushed solid fuel (coke, charcoal, semi-coke, semi-anthracite) with 3-15 parts by weight of binder - hydraulic cement, 3-14 parts by weight of water, and additives, eg clays, molasses, etc. , Which is obtained by mixing the components, molding the mixture into briquettes, which are kept for setting and hardening of the cement. Briquettes have increased strength, water resistance and reduced reactivity (US, 3762886 A, C 10 L 5/00, 02.10.73).
These briquettes with a high mechanical strength have low reactivity, which greatly complicates their ignition and increases the amount of unburned carbon material in the ash residue, which leads to increased costs when using them.
A briquette based on a mixture of 1 part by weight is known. Crushed solid organic waste, 0.5 - 3 parts by weight. Coal or coal dust with the addition of 2-6% binder - anhydrous sediment from wastewater treatment rich in lignin derivatives, black liquor, waste oil, starch, etc .; From the mixture, solid briquettes are formed at a pressure of 14-70 MPa (US, 4152119A, C10L9 / 10, 01.05.73).
These briquettes, having sufficient reactivity, have a relatively low mechanical strength, which leads to their destruction during loading and transport operations and, thus, to increased costs when using these briquettes.
A fuel briquette is known based on a mixture of crushed carbon fuels (coke fines, coal, charcoal), at least 5% (10-40%) of wax (paraffin, polyethylene, oil, vegetable) and at least 2.5% (4-15% %) Binder - maize starch, lignin, resins, which are obtained by molding a mixture of components by punching and then cutting into briquettes (GB, 2240341 A, C 10 L 5/14, 31.07.91).
These briquettes, having sufficient reactivity, have a relatively low mechanical strength, which leads to their destruction during loading and transport operations and, thus, to increased costs when using these briquettes.
The closest is a fuel briquette based on a mixture of crushed solid fuels from the group of vegetable wastes of stone fruit processing 40-75% by weight, coal or coke breeze 15-40% by weight and a binder of the group consisting of lignosulfonate, molasses, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof - up to 100% by weight (RU, 2114902, C 10 L 5/44, 10.07.98).
Fuel briquettes have an increased reactivity, which significantly reduces their burning time, as well as a relatively low mechanical strength, which leads to the destruction of briquettes during loading and transport operations. These qualities of briquettes (increased reactivity, relatively low mechanical strength) lead to increased costs when using them.
The object of the invention is to produce briquettes with an optimum reactivity and sufficiently high mechanical strength to reduce costs when using them.
The objective is achieved by the fact that a fuel briquette based on a mixture of crushed solid fuel from a group of plant wastes and / or coal and / or coke breeze and a binder of the group consisting of lignosulfonate, molasses, tallow pitch, or mixtures thereof, 2-8% by weight , Further comprises a synthetic wax-by-product in the production of polyethylene or polypropylene or paraffin or paraffinic bean 1-8% by weight and / or cement or clay 1-20% by weight and / or a precipitate from wastewater treatment 2 - 25% by weight, with a total content of not less than three binders of 5-50% by weight and solid fuel - up to 100% by weight, in addition as a particulate solid fuel it contains carbonaceous shale and / or dried manure or bird droppings .
The above object is achieved by the fact that in a method for producing fuel briquettes, which includes dosing and mixing of crushed solid fuel from a group of plant wastes and / or coal and / or coke breeze with a binder of the group consisting of lignosulfonate, molasses, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof , Briquetting of the mixture, a synthetic wax is also introduced into the binder, a by-product in the production of polyethylene or polypropylene, or paraffin or paraffin wax and / or cement, or clay and / or sludge from wastewater treatment, 120.0 MPa and then withstand briquettes at ambient temperature for 0.5 to 40.0 hours with the following components in the briquette, by weight:
A binder of the group lignosulfonate, molasses, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof - 1-8
Additional binder from the group synthetic wax, or paraffin, or paraffinic wax - 1 - 7
And / or cement or clay - 1 - 20
And / or sludge from wastewater treatment - 2 - 25
With a total content of not less than three binders - 5 - 50
Crushed solid fuel - Up to 100
The pre-binder can be preheated to 45-70 ° C. The solid fuel, binder or mixture before briquetting can be activated by treatment in a disintegrator with a homogenizer, or in a vortex sheet apparatus.
The materials used for manufacturing fuel briquettes have the following characteristics:
Wood sawdust - humidity 32%, maximum particle size 3 mm, bulk density 0.5 t / m 3 .
Crushed olives bones - humidity 24%, maximum particle size 4 mm, bulk density 0.62 t / m 3 .
Coal fines - humidity 6-12%, ash content 12-19%, sieve composition 0-6 mm, sulfur content 0.4-0.6%, calorific value 5900-6100 kcal / kg.
Coke fines - humidity 8-12%, ash content 14-16%, sieve composition 0-10 mm, sulfur content 0.4-0.6%, calorific value 5940-6900 kcal / kg.
Lignosulfonate on sodium, ammonium or magnesium base - dry matter content 48 - 51%, bulk density 1.20-1.26 t / m 3 .
Molasses is a waste product of sugar, the content of dry matter is 42-49%, the bulk weight is 1.12-1.25 t / m 3 .
Tallow pitch is a by-product of cellulose production, the melting point is 15-25 ° C.
Synthetic wax is a by-product from the production of polyethylene or propylene, the melting point is 25-40 ° C.
Paraffin is a melting point of 40-75 ° C.
Paraffin wax - melting point 35-65 o C.
Cement brands M200 - M400, the volume weight of 1.8-2.2 t / m 3 .
Clay - humidity of 22-32%, bulk weight of 1.9-2.4 t / m 3 .
Sediment from wastewater treatment - humidity 50-80%, content of mineral impurities 22-38%, organic part contains up to 50% protein, fat up to 30% and carbohydrates up to 20%.
Coal slate - ash content 39-49%, humidity 12-16%, sieve composition 0-3 mm.
Dried manure - humidity 20-40%, the content of impurities in the form of sawdust, straw up to 30%.
The dried bird droppings - humidity 15-40%, the content of mineral incombustible substances is up to 15%.
Activation of the components of the briquetted mixture or mixture as a whole results in a more even distribution of the components in the mixture and an increase in the surface energy of the mixture particles, which increases the adhesion and leads to hardening of the briquettes.
Example 1.
The following components are used: 95 kg of coal fines as solid fuel, 1 kg of cement, 1 kg of lignosulfonate, 3 kg of synthetic wax. Coal from the hopper to the mixer is supplied by a swinging trough feeder - dispenser. The cement is fed into the mixer by a screw feeder - a metering device, and the lignosulfonate and the synthetic wax are heated to 45 ° C, heated with agitation and fed with dosing pumps into the mixer.
The components are mixed in a mixer and fed to a roller press where the mixture is compressed at a pressure of 20 MPa, then the briquettes are stored in the warehouse at an ambient temperature (10-15 ° C) for 40 hours. Briquettes have the form of a circular lens with a diameter of 40.5 mm, a height of 28-32 mm, a bulk density of 1.21 t / m 3 , a humidity of 9%, an ash content of 14-16%, a compressive strength of 10.8 MPa, a calorific value of 6850 kcal / Kg. Briquettes light up for 10 minutes at 600 ° C and burn for 4.5 hours without residue in the ash of combustibles, the briquettes contain the components in the following ratio, by weight: lignosulfonate 1; Cement 1; Synthetic wax 3; With a total content of three binders 5; Coal fines - up to 100.
Example 2.
Preparation of fuel briquettes according to Example 1, but instead of lignosulfonate, molasses are used, and instead of coal, a mixture of fines of coal shale and coke breeze is used with the following ratio of components in briquettes, %: Molasses 4; Cement 3; Synthetic wax 3; With a total content of three binders 10; Carbonaceous shale 45; Coke breeze.
The time for briquetting is 0.5 hours. The other modes and parameters of Example 1. Briquettes have a bulk density of 1.24 t / m 3 , humidity 11.5%, ash content of 28%, compressive strength of 12 MPa, calorific value of 5120 kcal / kg. Briquettes light up for 11-12 minutes at 600 o C and burn for 5-5.5 hours without residue in the ash of combustibles.
Example 3.
The following components are used: as a solid fuel coal fines of 30 kg, wood sawdust 10 kg, goose dung 10 kg; As a binder: a precipitate from wastewater treatment 25 kg, lignosulfonate 8 kg, clay 10 kg and paraffin wax 7 kg with the following ratio of components in the briquettes, %: Precipitate from wastewater treatment 25; Lignosulfonate 8; Paraffin wax 7; Clay 10; With a total content of four binders 50; Coal fines of 30; Goose droppings 10; Wood sawdust 10.
Paraffin wax before heating into the mixer is heated at a temperature of 50 ° C. until the liquid state. Goose droppings and sawdust are exposed to mixing with a binder for 5 seconds in the DEZI-2 disintegrator. The components are mixed in a mixer and fed for pressing into a screw press, where the mixture is pressed under a pressure of 0.5 MPa. Briquettes after the press are stored in the warehouse before loading at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Briquettes of cylindrical shape with a diameter of 50 mm, a length of 70-100 mm have a compressive strength of 5.3-5.5 MPa, an ash content of 25.9%, a humidity of 26%, a calorific value of 3350 kcal / kg. Briquettes light up for 7 to 9 minutes at 600 o C and burn for 3.5 to 4 hours without residue in the ash of combustibles.
Example 4.
The following components are used: as a solid fuel crushed olive seeds 25 kg, chicken manure 25 kg, coke breeze 37 kg; Lignosulfonate 3 kg, clay 5 kg and tall pitch 5 kg are used as binders at the following ratio of components in briquettes,% by weight: lignosulfonate 3; Clay 5; Tallow pitch 5; With a total content of three binders 13; Crushed olive bones 25; Chicken manure 25; Coke breeze 37.
These components are mixed in a mixer and fed to the activation of the vortex layer BA-100, where they are processed for 4 seconds. The activated mixture is supplied for briquetting to a stamp press, where the mixture is compressed at a pressure of 120 MPa. Briquettes after the press are stored in the warehouse before loading at a temperature (15 - 20 o C) of ambient air for 4 hours. Briquettes of cylindrical shape with a diameter of 45 mm and a length of 50-60 mm have a compressive strength of 10.5 to 11 MPa, a bulk density of 1.22 t / m 3 , an ash content of 12.7%, a moisture content of 8.2%, a calorific value of 4110 kcal / Kg. Briquettes light up for 7-9 minutes at 600 o C and burn for 3-3.5 hours without residue in the ash of combustibles.
Example 5.
The following components are used: as a solid fuel, coal fines of 69 kg; As binders: a mixture of equal amounts of lignosulfonate, tallow pitch and molasses 8 kg; Paraffin 1 kg, cement 20 kg, sediment from wastewater treatment 2 kg. The mixture of binders before activation for mixing with coal fines is activated for 2 seconds in a homogenizer UAP-1B-1. Activated binders are mixed in a mixer with coal fines and fed for pressing into a roller press, where the mixture is pressed under a pressure of 25 MPa. Briquettes after the press are stored in an open warehouse for 6 hours. Briquettes have the form of a circular lens with a diameter of 40.5 mm, a height of 28-31 mm, a bulk density of 1.23 to 1.25 t / m 3 , a humidity of 8%, an ash content of 23%, a compressive strength of 9.5 to 10 MPa, Capacity 6100 kcal / kg. Briquettes light up for 7 minutes at 600 ° C, burn for 4 hours without residue in the ash of combustible substances, the briquettes contain the components in the following ratio, mass%: mixture in equal amounts of lignosulfonate, tallow pitch and molasses 8; Paraffin 1; Cement 20; Sediment from wastewater treatment 2; With a total content of five binders 21; Coal fines - up to 100.
The cost analysis for the use of briquettes of the proposed composition, obtained by examples and by the known method, shows that the proposed technical solution allows reducing costs by 10-15% using briquettes due to the optimal combination of reactivity and mechanical strength in them.
CLAIM
1. A fuel briquette based on a mixture of crushed solid fuel from a group of plant wastes and / or coal and / or coke breeze and a binder of the group consisting of lignosulfonate, mellas, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof, characterized in that the binder further comprises a synthetic wax- A by-product of the production of polyethylene or propylene, or paraffin or paraffin wax and / or cement or clay and / or a precipitate from wastewater treatment with the following component ratio, by weight:
Binders from the group of lignosulfonate, melas, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof - 1-8
Additional binders from the group synthetic wax, or paraffin, or paraffinic wax, - 1 - 7
And / or cement or clay - 1 - 20
And / or sludge from wastewater treatment - 2 - 25
With a total content of not less than three binders - 5 - 50
Crushed solid fuel - Up to 100
2. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a solid fuel, it additionally contains carbonaceous shale and / or dried manure, or bird droppings, or mixtures thereof.
3. A process for the production of fuel briquettes, comprising dosing and mixing of a particulate solid fuel from a group of plant wastes and / or coal and / or coke breeze with a binder from the group comprising lignosulfonate, mellas, tallow pitch or mixtures thereof, briquetting a mixture, A synthetic wax, a by-product of the production of polyethylene or propylene, or paraffin or paraffinic wax and / or cement, or clay and / or a precipitate from wastewater treatment, is briquetted at a binder at 0.5-120.0 MPa And then the briquettes are held at ambient temperature for 0.5 to 40.0 hours with the components in the briquette specified in claim 1.
4. A process according to claim 3, characterized in that the pre-binders are heated to 45 ° -70 ° C.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the solid fuel or binder or mixture before briquetting is activated in the disintegrator, or homogenizer, or vortex sheet apparatus for 2 to 240 seconds.
print version
Date of publication 01/16/2007
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