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DEVICES AND METHODS OF OBTAINING SOLID AND LIQUID FUELS FOR DOMESTIC NEEDS

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2130047

FUEL BRIQUET AND METHOD OF ITS RECEPTION

FUEL BRIQUET AND METHOD OF ITS RECEPTION

The name of the inventor: Lurii Valery Grigorievich
The name of the patent owner: Lurii Valery Grigorievich
Address for correspondence: 125315, Moscow, ul. Liza Chaykina, 4, building 1, ap.190, Luria V.G.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.04.06

The invention relates to the technology of agglomerated solid fuel, which can be used for domestic and industrial needs. The fuel briquette based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuels and the binder based on waste oil of an oil sludge and / or waste machine oil further comprises components selected from the group consisting of:% of the weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7, and / or Dehydrated activated sludge 3-8 and / or clay 3-10 and / or paraffin or paraffinic dung 1-6 with the following component ratio, wt. %: Binder 10-32 and pulverized solid fuels from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure, dehydrated bird droppings, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof up to 100. The method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing of crushed solid fuels With a binder based on oil refinery waste - oil sludge and / or spent machine oil with additional components selected from the group consisting of:% of the weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3-8 and / Or clay 3-10, and / or paraffin or paraffinic dung 1-6, with the following components in the briquette, wt. %: Binder 10-32 and crushed solid fuels selected from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof up to 100, briquetting the mixture at 1-30 MPa and Drying the briquettes at a temperature of less than 300 ° C., while the binder components are mixed or heated to 60 ° -80 ° C. before mixing with the solid fuel or heated to 60 ° -80 ° C. beforehand. In addition, the solid fuel can be pre-mixed with half of the oil sludge Or used engine oil and then the remainder of the binders is added. In this case, briquettes of relatively high strength are obtained, which allows to reduce costs when using them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a technology for producing agglomerated solid fuel, which can be used for domestic and industrial needs.

It is known to produce fuel from a dewatered spent activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant by mixing it with wood sawdust in a 1: 5-10 by weight ratio based on dry matter, followed by molding and drying (JP, 53-15081, C 01 L 5 / 48, May 22, 1978). The disadvantage of this fuel is that the mechanical strength of briquettes is insufficient and this leads to their destruction during transport and loading operations, and, accordingly, to an increase in costs.

A fuel briquette is known which contains, in parts by weight: wood waste 20-40, residues of adsorptive purification of oil refining products or brown coal tar of semi-coking and residues of waste oil purification 15-20 and paraffin bean 30-50, which is obtained by molding a mixture of these Components in the extruder (GDR, 215797, C 01 L 11/04, 21.11.84).

The disadvantage of these briquettes is their insufficiently high mechanical strength, which leads to their destruction during transport and loading operations, and accordingly to an increase in costs when using briquettes.

Briquetted fuel is known which contains a mixture of particles of cellulosic material (sawdust wood, plant residues, peat) 25-70% by weight, binder - liquid, under normal conditions, combustible by-product or waste: pebble-like residues for cleaning plant or animal products, bitumen and coal tar pitch ; Creosote residues; Molasses, waste and substandard lubricants; And an additional component, for example lignosulfonate, lignin, clay, coal dust, etc. (GB, 1585684, C10L 5/00, 11.03.81).

The disadvantage of the known briquetted fuel is insufficient mechanical strength, which leads to the destruction of briquettes during transport and loading operations, and, accordingly, to an increase in costs when using briquettes.

Briquetted fuel containing, in mass%:

Oil-slime (containing 10-20% of water, 2-10% of clay, sand, etc. and 60-90% of oil products) - 15-20

Technical carbon - 10-20

Wood waste (sawdust) - Other

The mixture of the components is briquetted at a pressure of 0.2 MPa at 20 ° C .; Receive briquettes with a calorific value of 4760-6286 kcal / kg and an ash content of 4.4-3.4% (RU, 2010842, C 10 L 5/48, 5/44, 15.04.94).

The disadvantage is the insufficient mechanical strength of the briquettes, which leads to their destruction during transport and loading operations, and consequently to an increase in costs when using briquettes.

The closest is the known fuel briquette based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuels selected from the group: wood sawdust and peat with a binder based on the waste of the oil refinery - oil sludge or waste machine oil and manure with the following component ratio, by weight:

Wood shavings - 10-75

Peat with a moisture content of 40-50% - 10-75

Waste of oil refining production - 5-15

Dung - The rest

Briquettes of this composition are obtained by mixing these components, then pressing the briquettes and drying them (RU, 2100415, C 10 L 5/44, 27.12.97). The obtained briquettes have the following characteristics: density 0.52-0.68 g / cm 3 , ash content 13-16.7%, calorific value 4100-4150 kcal / kg, bending strength 0.8-1 MPa, residual humidity 19- 20%.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the insufficiently high mechanical strength of the briquettes, which leads to their destruction during transport and loading operations, and accordingly to an increase in costs when using briquettes.

The object of the invention is to increase the mechanical strength of the briquettes, which will ensure a reduction in costs when using them.

The object is achieved in that the fuel briquette based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuels and the oil sludge and / or waste oil binder is further comprised of binder components from the group consisting of:% of the weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7 and / Or dehydrated activated sludge, 3-8, and / or clay 3-10, and / or paraffin or paraffin wax 1-6, with the following component ratio, wt. %: Binder 10-32 and particulate solid fuel from the group: wood sawdust, peat, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure or mixtures thereof - up to 100.

The method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing pulverized solid fuels selected from the group: wood sawdust, peat, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin, dehydrated poultry manure, dehydrated manure or mixtures thereof, with a sludge based oil sludge and / or spent machine oil And additional binder components selected from the group consisting of:% of the weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3-8 and / or clay 3-10, and / or paraffin or paraffinic nut 1 -6 at the following ratio of components in the briquette, wt. %: Binder 10-32 and crushed solid fuel - up to 100, briquetting of the mixture is carried out at a pressure of 1-30 MPa and drying the briquettes at a temperature of less than 300 ° C .; The components of the binder before mixing with the solid fuel can be pre-mixed, and heated to 60-80 ° C or mixed with heating to 60-80 ° C; The solid fuel is premixed with half of the oil sludge or spent machine oil and then the remainder of the binders is added.

Example 1.

The following components are used: coal fines of grade "G" with a sieve composition of 1-3 mm and ash content of 12-20%, coal slurry with a sieve composition of 0-1 mm and an ash content of 32-40%, humidity of 14%, litter from a poultry farm, Humidity 16-31%, peat with a moisture content of 18-30%, used machine oil with a content of 18-32% mechanical impurity and water of 3-8%, molasses having a density of 1.12-1.25 t / m 3 , paraffin Gach with a softening point of 50-75 ° C.

These components are loaded into containers, under which dispenser feeders are installed, by means of which the components are dosed and fed to prepare a briquetted mixture. Half of the used oil is pre-mixed with coal fines and sludge, peat and bird droppings by feeding the waste oil through the nozzles to the fuel loading site in a twin-shaft screw mixer, and the rest of the used oil is mixed with molasses and paraffin wax in a paddle stirrer heated to 70 ° C and from the paddle stirrer, the gear pump is fed to the point of a twin-shaft screw mixer spaced 1/3 of the length of the mixer from the loading point of the fuel and part of the waste oil.

The briquetting mixture has the following component ratio, by weight:

Used engine oil - 4

Molasses - 4

Paraffin wax - 2

Litter of birds - 20

Peat - 20

Coal fines and coal sludge equally - 50

The components are mixed in a mixer and fed to a screw press where the mixture is compressed at a pressure of 1 MPa, then the briquettes are dried at 120 ° C. for 50 minutes to a humidity of 12%, and then the briquettes are cooled at ambient temperature. Briquettes have the form of cylinders with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 60-100 mm. The compressive strength of the briquettes was 9.8 MPa, and for dropping (after a 4-fold drop, the mass was sieved through a 25 mm round mesh sieve), 94% of the mass remained on the screen, indicating their good mechanical strength and the ability to conduct loading and unloading Transactions at no additional cost. The briquettes had a calorific value of 5000-5200 kcal / kg, a bulk density of 1.08-1.18 ton / m 3 , a humidity of 12%, and contained a dried mixture of components in the following ratio, by weight:

Used engine oil - 4

Molasses - 4

Paraffinic Gach - 2 with the total content of binder 10

Bird droppings - 20

Peat - 20

Coal fines - 25

Coal slurry - 25 at the total content of crushed fuel 90

Example 2.

The preparation of fuel briquettes according to Example 1, but in a binder, instead of a paraffin bean, the oil sludge having a density of 0.81-0.893 t / m 3 , a water content of 12-18%, a pour point of 21-24 ° C instead of a molasses, and a lignosulfonate of the Krasnoyarsk Paper Mill With a density of 1.26 t / m 3 and spent activated sludge as a product of domestic sewage treatment, which has a density of 1.1-1.8 t / m 3 , an ash content of 18-55%, a moisture content of 10-48%, and an additional Hydrolyzed lignin with a moisture content of 12-16% with the following mixing ratio, in wt.%:

Used machine oil - 3

Lignosulfonate - 7

Oil sludge - 5

The spent activated sludge - 7 at the total content of the binder 22

Bird droppings - 14

Lignin - 14

Peat - 10

Coal fines - 20

Coal slurry - 20 at the total content of the measured solid fuel 78

The remaining regimes and parameters of Example 1. Briquettes had a bulk density of 1.07-1.19 t / m 3 , a calorific value of 4600-5050 kcal / kg, a moisture content of 5-9%, the compressive strength of briquettes was 9.7-11, 2 MPa, the drop-off strength of 95-96% remained on the screen, which indicates their good mechanical strength.

Example 3.

The following components are used: coal cuttings according to Example 1, dewatered to 25% moisture, manure from pig farms and sawdust with a moisture content of 18%, paraffin with a melting point of 60-80 ° C, oil slimes of Example 2, lignosulfonate according to Example 2.

These components are fed into the briquetted mixture in the following ratio, by weight:

Lignosulfonate - 2

Oil sludge - 4

Paraffin - 6

Manure - 25

Wood shavings - 10

Coal slurry - 53

The lignosulphonate, oil sludge and paraffin were premixed to 80 ° C in a paddle mixer before being mixed with fuel, and then the mixture was fed to a mixer where it was mixed with the fuel components, the mixture was fed from a mixer to a roller press where it was briquetted at a pressure of 30 MPa, and then the briquettes were dried at a temperature of 200 ° C for 20 minutes to a humidity of 5-7%. The briquettes had a density of 1.1-1.25 t / m 3 , a calorific value of 5500-5800 kcal / kg, a moisture content of 5-7%, a mechanical strength of 10.2-11.4 MPa and a drop strength of 96% remained on the sieve , Which indicates their good mechanical strength, and the briquettes contained a mixture of components in the following ratio, by weight:

Lignosulfonate - 2

Oil sludge - 4

Paraffin 6 with total binder content 12

Manure - 25

Wood shavings - 10

Coal sludge - 53 with a total solid fuel content of 88

Example 4.

The following components are used: coke breeze with a sieve composition of 0-6 mm, an ash content of 11%, a moisture content of 8%, a peat according to Example 1, used engine oil of Example 1, a lignosulfonate according to Example 2, the components are dosed and mixed for the following ratio, .%:

Used machine oil - 5

Lignosulfonate - 7

Peat - 10

Coke fines - 78

After the mixer, the mixture is briquetted into a roll press where it is briquetted at a pressure of 30 MPa, and then the briquettes are dried at a temperature of 295 ° C for 25 minutes to a residual moisture content of 4-6%, then the briquettes are cooled at ambient temperature.

The resulting briquettes contain the components in the following ratio, by weight:

Used machine oil - 5

Lignosulfonate - 7 with the total content of binder 12

Peat - 10

Coke fines - 78 at the total content of crushed solid fuel 88

Briquettes have the form of a round lens with a diameter of 45 mm and a height of 29 mm, a calorific value of 5600-6200 kcal / kg, a moisture content of 3-5%, a compressive strength of 10-12 MPa, a drop resistance of 96% remains on the screen, Strength briquettes.

Example 5.

The following components are used: coal slurry from G grade coal with a 0-1 mm sieve composition, 11-12% ash content and 10% humidity, used engine oil of example 1, lignosulfonate of the Krasnoyarsk pulp and paper mill with a density of 1.26 t / M 3 and a clay with a moisture content of 18%, the components are dosed and fed for mixing in the following ratio, by weight:

Used machine oil - 2

Lignosulfonate - 5

Clay - 5

Coal sludge - 88

After the mixer, the mixture is briquetted in a roll press at a pressure of 25 MPa, and then the briquettes are dried at 250 ° C for 25 minutes, then the briquettes are cooled at ambient temperature.

The resulting briquettes contain the components in the following ratio, by weight:

Used machine oil - 2

Lignosulfonate - 5

Clay - 5 with the total content of binder 12

Coal sludge - 88

Briquettes have the form of a round lens with a diameter of 40.5 mm, a height of 28 mm, a humidity of 3-5%, a calorific value of 7100-7200 kcal / kg, a compressive strength of 9-12 MPa, a drop resistance of 95% remains on the screen Testifies to the high strength of briquettes.

Example 6.

The following components are used: wood sawdust according to Example 3, peat according to Example 1, used engine oil of Example 1, oil slimes of Example 2, spent activated sludge according to Example 2, lignosulfonate according to Example 2, clay according to Example 5.

These components are fed into the briquetted mixture in the following ratio, by weight:

Used machine oil - 5

Oil sludge - 5

Spent activated sludge - 8

Lignosulfonate - 4

Clay - 10

Wood sawdust - 28

Peat - 40

Half of the used machine oil is premixed with wood chips and peat, then a mixture of pre-mixed with the remaining part of the spent oil, oil sludge, spent activated sludge, lignosulfonate and clay is preliminarily mixed with the mixture heated to 70.degree.

The briquetting is carried out in a screw press at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and then the briquettes are dried at 80 ° C. for 90 minutes.

The resulting briquettes contain the components in the following ratio, by weight:

Used machine oil - 5

Oil sludge - 5

Spent activated sludge - 8

Lignosulfonate - 4

Clay-10 with total binder content 32

Wood sawdust - 28

Peat - 40 at the total content of crushed solid fuel 68

The briquettes are in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 56 mm, a length of 80 mm, a calorific value of 4200-4800 kcal / kg, a humidity of 5-7%, a compressive strength of 8-9 MPa, a drop resistance of 93% remain on the screen, indicating good strength Briquettes.

The analysis of the obtained results shows that according to the proposed method, solid fuel briquettes have been obtained which allow carrying out transport and loading operations without special measures and thereby reducing costs when using them in comparison with known solutions.

CLAIM

1. A fuel briquette based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuels and a binder based on the waste of an oil refinery, oil sludge and / or waste machine oil, characterized in that the binder further comprises components selected from the group consisting of:% of the weight of the briquetted mixture:

Lignosulfonate or molasses - 2 - 7

And / or

Dehydrated activated sludge - 3 - 8

And / or

Clay - 3 - 10

And / or

Paraffin or paraffin wax - 1 - 6

At the following ratio of components, mass%:

Binder - 10 - 32

Crushed solid fuels from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof - Up to 100

2. A method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing the pulverized solid fuels with a binder on the basis of oil refinery waste, oil sludge and / or spent machine oil, briquetting the mixture and subsequently drying it, characterized in that components selected from the group consisting of ,% Of the mass of the briquetted mixture:

Lignosulfonate or molasses - 2 - 7

And / or

Dehydrated activated sludge - 3 - 8

And / or

Clay - 3 - 10

And / or

Paraffin or paraffin wax - 1 - 6

At the following component ratio in the briquettes,% by weight:

Binder - 10 - 32

Crushed solid fuels selected from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof - Up to 100

Briquetting is carried out at a pressure of 1-30 MPa and briquette drying at a temperature of less than 300 ° C.

3. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that the components of the binder are mixed before mixing with the solid fuel.

4. A process according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the binder components are heated to 60 ° -80 ° C before mixing, or heated to 60 ° -80 ° C with stirring.

5. A method according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the solid fuel is pre-mixed with half of the oil sludge or spent machine oil and then the remaining components of the binder are added.

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Date of publication 01/16/2007