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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2259385
METHOD FOR PROCESSING OF PEAT
Name of the inventor: Kotelnikov VA (RU); Podzorov AI
The name of the patentee: Kotelnikov Vladimir (RU); Alexander Podzorov
Address for correspondence: 101990, Moscow, Petroverigsky lane 4, "Agency Ermakova, Stolyarov & Partners", pat.pov.. E.A.Ermakovoy
Starting date of the patent: 2004.03.11
A method of non-waste processing of peat refers to the chemical and petrochemical industry, agriculture and power system. The method is carried out by two-step heating the peat to acquire solid and gaseous components. In the first stage peat dried to a moisture content of not more than 15% by batch feeding it at 350-1050 g / sec and heating to a temperature of 120 ± 5 ° C. The resulting vapor and flue gases are cleaned and discharged. In the second stage the solid residue is heated to a temperature of 520-530 ° C in the absence of oxygen for 1-6 seconds, then cooled and the resulting pyrogas condensed to form a liquid fuel. This solution allows you to optimize the process of peat processing and reduce energy costs and material costs while increasing productivity and efficiency of the use of peat.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the processing of peat and can be used in industries nefteobrabotki, power system of agriculture and other industries.
A method is known for thermal processing of organic substances, which consists in that the heat treatment is carried out by heating the compounds up to the decomposition temperature simultaneously and continuously sealing and protective environment created by the gases produced during decomposition of materials with deficiency of oxidizer (RF 2,119,124 patent, ICI F 23 G 5/027, 1998).
The disadvantages of this method are: the need for high-energy input, which limits the amount of processed product; the complexity of separation of the products; high energy consumption and low productivity.
The closest known method is a method for processing organic material (RF Patent 2201951, MKI G 01 B 49/00, 2002), including peat by multistage heating it to acquire solid and gaseous components. Heating is effected in two successive stages with the possibility to produce steam at a temperature of 200-375 ° C in the first stage and to acquire combustible gases at a heating temperature of 550-750 ° C depending on the type of organic matter.
The disadvantage of this method is the high level of losses in the form of waste, a considerable energy consumption and low quality of the secondary products.
Thus, the task for which directed the claimed invention, a method for waste-free processing of peat, which would not contain these shortcomings.
Solving this problem is achieved technical result consists in minimizing waste peat, improving quality pyrolyzates, fertilizers, water vapor produced during the processing of peat, while reducing power consumption and reducing process heat to the environment at elevated process speeds.
Another technical result is the possibility of virtually waste-free, environmentally friendly processing of peat with less energy and material costs while increasing productivity and efficiency of the use of peat.
and achieved technical result consists in optimizing the processing of peat process by supplying such quantity of peat, which increases the process efficiency, and due to the intensive energy input in two steps before drying temperature peat, eliminating formation of tar substances and rapidly to a temperature of formation of pyrolysis gas when the exothermic reaction that does not require any external energy supply and also improves characteristics of ready-processed food.
The technical result is achieved as follows.
According to the proposed method for waste-free processing by the two-stage heat peat to acquire solid and gaseous components in the first stage peat dried to a moisture content of not more than 15% by batch feeding it at 350-1050 g / sec and heating to a temperature of 120 ± 5 ° C. The resulting vapor and flue gases are drawn off and purified for use in municipal power system, in the second stage the solid residue is heated to a temperature drastically 520-530 ° C in the absence of oxygen for 1-6 seconds, the pyrolysis gas enters the condensation system to produce liquid pyrolysis fuel . The solid carbonaceous material from the reactor after cooling (to a temperature of 40 ° C) is sent for further use as a replacement or potash char for use in metallurgy.
Stated temperature peat processing mode by the proposed method is the best and is based on theoretical calculations of specific heats source (peat) and derived substances and confirmed empirically.
The drying temperature in the first step is set to 120 ± 5 ° C, to eliminate the process bertinirovaniya (tar formation) which can occur for peat in the range 130-170 ° C. The temperature in the reactor (pyrolysis chamber) is 520-530 ° C. In this temperature range for peat predominant reactions are exothermic, i.e. reactions that lead to release of heat, and require no outside energy supply.
First stage time - of peat drying is not limited. The main determining factor in the passage of this stage - peat humidity output. After drying, it should not be more than 15%. pyrolysis time in the second stage of the reactor should not be more than 6 seconds. High pyrolysis occurs during the time interval 0,7-6,1 s. Therefore, the optimum peat particle residence time in the reactor is in the range 1.0-6.0 sec.
Performance of the process is selected on the basis of economic feasibility, design installation and minimize design series sizes. The minimum number of selected design capacity of 100-300 g / sec in the reactor the dry peat.
Based on the reactor output, performance of the drying process should not exceed the capacity of the reactor is less than 3.5 times.
The high speed of the process is provided by high-energy supply that reduces heat losses to the environment. Significant energy gain achieved during the processes occurring at the approach of peat parameters to the border of the existence of derivatives of peat in the condensed phase (a "spinodal"). The closer the approach parameters peat parameters "spinodal", the higher the speed of the process and lower the heat loss and, consequently, more cost effective process. Improving the quality of the Pyrolyzates carried out due to less content during processing of peat resinous substances, due to the exclusion of peat bertinirovaniya recycling process.
The drawing shows a diagram of the proposed method.
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The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows a diagram of the claimed method using a pyrolysis unit. At the initial stage, using propane (approximately 15 kg), the reactor is heated to a temperature of ~520 ° C. The duration of driving the operating mode setup ~4,5 hours. The hot air together with the flue gases through the heat exchanger to set the drying temperature is 120 ± 5 ° C. Screw feeder moist peat at 350-1050 g / sec and humidity of 60-65% is fed into the dryer, which works in a fluidized mode - a mode of circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The distinctive ability of the proposed peat processing technology is the ability to install the resulting combustion gas. This allows us to solve many environmental problems and improve the fuel consumption rate. |
Then by a metering valve with a capacity of 100 g / s of dry peat peat with a moisture content of 15% is fed to the reactor, where 1,0~6,0 seconds duration occurs fast pyrolysis of peat (exothermic reaction) with the formation of pyrolysis gas and solid carbonaceous material .
Peat pyrolysis economically more advantageous in its immediate processing installation, since in this case does not require re-heating before its peat drying temperature. However, the gas can be burned and elsewhere.
Pyrolysis gas is sent to the device condensation (condenser) to produce liquid pyrolysis fuels (Pyrolyzates), stored, and then sent to be used as feedstock in the petrochemical industry as lubricants automotive and locomotive equipment, a substitute for fuel oil and heating oil for a variety of power plants and boilers. Remaining after condensation of the gas is sent for incineration.
The solid carbonaceous material is cooled and stored, and then sent to be used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in the steel industry as a component of the coke.
For thermal management, and for cooling and condensation and drying of peat pyrolysis products used water and air.
The released heat at the same time sent to the municipal heating system or steam generation for electricity generation.
The intense heat supply is carried out by a rapid temperature change, the heating is preferably carried peat by the combustion of peat and / or gas, but also can be carried out by the use of electricity or the use of any other energy sources.
In process (peat after drying) are obtained gaseous substance and the solid precipitate consisting mainly of inorganic substances. The gaseous fraction is sent for combustion and cooling. Upon cooling, condensation occurs fractions, which are used for various purposes.
The solid residue resulting from the pyrolysis of peat, if necessary, afterburned to complete removal of organic matter and modified after cooling is used as a fertilizer.
Since the starting materials and substances produced in the process, are heated to a high temperature in order to obtain maximum economic benefits can be made at the expense of cooling water heating, for example, used for heating.
Characteristics derived substances
1. Liquid Pyrolysis fuel.
POL Class composition is close to diesel fuel brand LBD according to Russian standards. Of the 100 grams of the original fuel (dry peat) for this processing method is obtained about 65 grams Pyrolyzates.
2. The solid carbonaceous material.
The chemical composition of carbonaceous material obtained after pyrolysis of peat, is located between the char and coke, it can be used in metallurgy. By the method of exposure, when used in agriculture as a fertilizer equivalent of potash. Of the 100 grams of dry peat obtained 15 grams of solid carbonaceous material.
3. produce heat.
In this method, the processing of peat evolved heat for its energy equivalent to the effects of heat, produced in the CHP and boiler. Accordingly, the heat obtained can have a wide range of applications in municipal sectors as an alternative to existing methods of producing heat.
CLAIM
Method of wasteless processing peat by its two-stage heating with the possibility of obtaining gaseous and solid components, characterized in that the first stage of the peat dried to a moisture content of not more than 15% by batch feeding it at 350-1050 r / s and heated to a temperature of 120 ± 5 ° C, and the resulting vapor and flue gases are purified and discharged, in a second stage the solid residue is heated to a temperature of 520-530 ° C without oxygen for 1-6 seconds, then cooled and the resulting pyrogas condensed to form a liquid fuel.
print version
Publication date 07.01.2007gg
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