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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2068442
FUEL BRIQUET AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION
The name of the inventor: Luriy VG; Terentyev Yu.I.
The name of the patent owner: Lurii Valery Grigorievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.12.07
The invention relates to a process for producing fuel briquettes from small classes of combustible components such as, for example, fine coal, coal cuttings, sawdust, husks, crushed bark and others. Fuel briquettes, depending on the composition of the combustible components, can be used as a sorted fuel for combustion in household and industrial furnaces with layered burning on a grate or as a sorted raw material for the production of coke in the coking and metallurgical industries. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The fuel briquette for layer combustion comprises a mixture of ground solid fuel with a solution of a binder, a sulfonic acid derivative, for example, a sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or lignosulfonate, with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight, enclosed in a closed combustible shell, the volume of the cured mixture being equal to the internal volume Shell. The method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing the pulverized solid fuel with a solution of a water-soluble organic binder, dosing and packaging the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight. % In a closed hot shell, wherein the volume of the mixture to be fed inside the shell is equal to the internal volume of the shell, a sulfonic acid derivative is used as a binder, for example, the sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or lignosulfonate in the form of 30-40% aqueous solution, followed by packaging by curing briquettes, Which occurs simultaneously with storage, transportation or heating, and when they are burned in a furnace or when coking in coke. The aim of the invention is to reduce capital, energy and labor eurat, increase environmental safety in the production of fuel briquettes; Reduction of pollution of vehicles, premises and maintenance personnel during transportation, handling and burning of briquettes, and an increase in the probability of preserving the shape of briquettes, which allows to maintain the optimum combustion regime when burning briquettes and thereby increase the use of combustible components.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for producing fuel briquettes from small classes of combustible components such as, for example, fine coal, coal cuttings, sawdust, husks, crushed bark and others. Fuel briquettes, depending on the composition of the combustible components, can be used as a sorted fuel for combustion in household and industrial furnaces with layered burning on a grate or as a sorted raw material for the production of coke in the coking and metallurgical industries.
A fuel briquette is known containing a compacted mixture of crushed solid fuel (coal), not more than 5 wt. Water-soluble binder - alkylcellulose and other additives (lime, paper fiber, oil fytillate) with a moisture content of not more than 16% enclosed in a closed combustible shell (US Patent No. 4,478,601, C 10 L 5/36, 1984).
The method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing the pulverized solid fuel with said water-soluble binder and additives, dosing, pressing the mixture and packing the compacted mixture with a moisture content of not more than 16% into a closed combustion envelope (ibid.).
A disadvantage of the known fuel briquette is the hole in it, which reduces its strength and increases the specific volume of briquette storage. A drawback of the method for producing a coal briquette is that a more expensive composite binder of water-soluble and water-insoluble materials is used as the binder, which additionally increases the costs of dosing and mixing, and in this method, after dosing, pressing and giving the material a stable configuration, a combustible layer is applied (Shell), which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing briquettes and in addition increases harmful emissions when burning them.
The closest technical solution is a fuel briquette containing a mixture of crushed solid fuel (wood powder or charcoal, a solution of up to 30-40 parts by weight of an organic binder (starch, hydroxy- or carboxymethyl cellulose) and other additives (alcohol, ethylene glycol, surfactant, hydrocarbon Fuel) with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight enclosed in a closed fuel envelope (US Patent No. 4,043,765, C 10 L 5/36, 1977).
The method for producing a fuel briquette includes mixing the ground solid fuel with said binder and additives, dosing and packaging the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight. Into a closed burning envelope (ibid.).
A disadvantage of this fuel briquette and the method of its production is the application to the outer surface of a combustible powder or solid particles that are not a cohesive and flexible material, easily subjected to destruction during loading and transport operations, may be a source of contamination of the storage area.
The purpose of the invention fuel briquette and the method of its production is to reduce capital, energy and labor costs, improve environmental safety in the production of fuel briquettes; Reduction of pollution of vehicles, premises and maintenance personnel during transportation, handling and burning of briquettes, and an increase in the probability of preserving the shape of briquettes, which allows to maintain the optimum combustion conditions when burning briquettes and thereby increase the use of combustible components.
The goal is achieved by the fact that the fuel briquette for layer combustion contains a mixture of ground solid fuel with a binder solution, a sulfonic acid derivative, for example sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or lignosulphonate with a moisture content of more than 9 wt. Enclosed in a closed combustible shell, while the volume of the cured mixture is equal to the inner volume of the shell.
The method for producing fuel briquettes includes mixing the pulverized solid fuel with a solution of a water-soluble organic binder, dosing and packaging the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight. In a closed combustible shell, wherein the volume of the mixture to be fed to the inside of the shell is equal to the inner volume of the shell, the sulphonic acid derivative, for example, the sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or lignosulfonate, is used as the binder in the form of 30-40% aqueous solution followed by packing by briquette curing, Storage, transportation or heating, as well as when they are burned in a furnace or when coking in a coke oven battery.
The casing of the briquette keeps vehicles, rooms and maintenance personnel from contamination by combustible components. In addition, the shell of the briquette retains the shape of the briquette before it enters the furnace, and in the furnace for that period of time until the shell is burnt. If the briquettes were used for more than 24 hours prior to use and the permeable material, for example paper, is used as a cover, during this period the contents of the briquette gain sufficient strength to preserve the shape due to the natural evaporation of moisture. If the briquette was used in wet conditions before use and its shell is made of impermeable material, for example polyethylene, then at a moisture content of more than 9 wt. And the presence of a water-soluble binder in the mixture under the influence of the heat of the furnace during the combustion of the shell, the mixture acquires sufficient strength to preserve the shape of the briquette during its combustion.
In the method for producing a fuel briquette, the dosage of a mixture of combustible components with a water-soluble binder and packaging is conducted simultaneously, before drying and before curing of the briquettes.
Example 1. The production of fuel briquettes was carried out on a pilot plant. As combustible components, 30 kg of coal cuttings of the grade KSOSTS GOF "Sudzhenskaya" with a sieve composition of 0 3 mm and a moisture content of 15.6% by weight are accepted. As a binder, a 30% aqueous solution of the sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid was used, the dry weight of which was 0.3 kg (1% by weight). Slurry with a binder is mixed in a BSP-150M "Tornado" mixer, while the binder solution feeds the NSh-42 pump through a spray nozzle onto the surface of the stirred slurry. After mixing, the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9 wt. Are loaded into the hopper of the packaging machine M1-OFK, which simultaneously dosed and packed the mixture without pressing it into a polypropylene film, which was fed into a machine in the form of a sleeve with a diameter of 36 mm, and at the ends the packing of the dose of the mixture was sealed with special clips automatically. The briquettes produced in this way were thrown into a preheated furnace of a household furnace with layer combustion on a grate. Laboratory studies showed that the caloric content of briquettes was 99% of the caloric content of the initial combustible components i.e. 6300 6400 kcal / kg for the given humidity and ash content of the original slurry. Briquettes in the furnace after burning of the packing shell did not lose shape until complete combustion. Briquettes extracted from the furnace after the shell burned were hard.
In order to test the curing and preservation of the briquette form, up to 7 layers of briquettes were laid in the preheated furnace of the household furnace, which were dried, solidified during the heating process, and all the layers were kept in shape until complete combustion.
In order to test the stability of briquettes for loading and transport operations, the briquettes were dropped from a height of 3 m after packing, and no packaged briquettes were destroyed.
Example 2. Preparation of fuel briquettes was carried out in a pilot plant. As combustible components, 30 kg of coal slurry grade KOSTS GOF "Sudzhenskaya" with a sieve composition of 0 3 mm and a moisture content of 15.6% by weight are accepted. A 40% aqueous solution of lignosulfonate was used as a binder.
Slurry with a binder is mixed in a mixer BSP-150M "Tornado", while the binder solution is pumped by the NSh-42 pump through a spray nozzle onto the surface of the stirred slurry. After mixing, the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9 wt. Are loaded into the hopper of the APC automatic cartridge dispenser on which the tape of paper with the applied adhesive track on a special packing was converted into a paper tube with a diameter of 32 mm by means of a dense winding. A paper tube with a prepressure of 0.5 kg / cm 2 with a metering screw was densely filled from the nozzle with a slurry mixture with a binder. When accumulating the length of a filled paper tube at 260 mm, the latter was cut with a special knife, i.e. Filling (packing) and dosing of the mixture was carried out simultaneously. The ends filled with a mixture of a paper tube were released from the mixture by special rolling cutters for a certain length and the ends of the tube were jammed with paper, closing the shell of the briquette. Ready-made briquettes were dropped ten times from a height of 2 m and no briquettes were destroyed, which confirms their resistance to loading and transport operations. Briquettes were placed in a heated furnace of a household furnace with layer combustion on a grate and during the time of heating and combustion of the shell the mixture of coal with the binder partially dried and cured. The shape of the briquettes was kept until complete combustion.
This was observed both with single-layer and multi-layer stacking of briquettes in the furnace furnace. Laboratory studies showed that the caloric content of briquettes was 99% of the caloric content of the initial combustible components i.e. 6300 6400 kcal / kg for the given humidity and ash content of the original slurry. In addition, paper-coated briquettes were stacked on a shelf in a dry room at room temperature after manufacturing. A day later, the mixture of slurry with the binder inside the paper casing of the briquette partially dried and cured. Hardened briquettes, both in single-layer and multi-layered stacking in the furnace furnace, were kept in shape until complete combustion. Briquettes do not emit soot when burning, and ash from burned briquettes does not contain combustible substances, which indicates complete combustion of the combustible part of briquettes. When testing briquettes, the mixture did not pour out of them, the clothes and open parts of the testers did not get dirty.
Example 3. The production of fuel briquettes was carried out in a pilot plant. As combustible components, 15 kg of coal slurry grade KOSTS GOF "Sudzhenskaya" with a sieve composition of 0 3 mm and a moisture content of 15.6% by weight are accepted. And 15 kg of peat. As a binder, a 40% aqueous solution of lignosulfonate was taken.
Sludge and peat with a binder are mixed in a mixer BSP-150M "Tornado", while the binder solution is pumped NSh-42 through the nozzle in the form of a spray on the surface of the mixed sludge and peat. After mixing, the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9 wt. Are loaded into the hopper of the APC automatic cartridge dispenser, where a ribbon of paper with a glued track applied on a special packing was converted into a paper tube with a diameter of 36 mm by means of a dense winding. A paper tube with a preloading metering screw was densely filled from the nozzle with a slurry mixture with a binder. When accumulating the length of a filled paper tube at 260 mm, the latter was cut with a special knife, i.e. Filling (packing) and dosing of the mixture was carried out simultaneously. The ends filled with a mixture of a paper tube were released from the mixture with special cutters for a certain length and the ends of the tube were jammed with paper, closing the shell of the briquette. Ready-made briquettes were dropped ten times from a height of 2 m and no briquettes were destroyed, which confirms their resistance to loading and transport operations. The briquettes were placed in a preheated furnace of a household furnace with layer combustion on a grate and during the heating and combustion of the shell a mixture of coal and peat with the binder partially dried, cured. The shape of the briquettes was kept until complete combustion. This was observed both with single-layer and multi-layer stacking of briquettes in the furnace furnace. Laboratory studies showed that the caloric value of briquettes was 99% of the initial fuel components, i.e. 3900 4000 kcal / kg for the given humidity and ash content of the original sludge and peat. In addition, paper-coated briquettes were stacked on a shelf in a dry room at room temperature after manufacturing. A day later, a mixture of sludge and peat with a binder inside the paper casing of the briquette partially dried and cured. Hardened briquettes, both in single-layer and multi-layered stacking in the furnace furnace, were kept in shape until complete combustion. Briquettes do not emit soot when burning, and ash from burned briquettes does not contain combustible substances, which indicates complete combustion of the combustible part of briquettes. When testing briquettes of them, the mixture did not pour out, the clothes and open parts of the test heat did not get dirty.
Thus, the examples and tests confirm the possibility of practical implementation of the proposed fuel briquette and the method of its production, and the fact that the proposed fuel briquette does not pollute the premises and maintenance personnel, is resistant to loading and transport operations, keeps the shape when burning in a furnace, Optimal combustion conditions and increase the use of combustible components. In addition, it is confirmed that the proposed method of producing fuel briquettes will reduce capital, energy and labor costs, and improve environmental safety in the production of fuel briquettes.
USED BOOKS
1. US Patent No. 4,478,601, Cl. C 10 L 5/36, 1984.
2. US Patent No. 4,043,765, Cl. C 10 L 5/36, 1977.
CLAIM
1. Fuel briquette for combustors with layer combustion, containing a mixture with a moisture content of more than 9 wt. Of a particulate solid fuel with a solution of a water-soluble organic binder enclosed in a closed combustible shell, characterized in that the volume of the cured mixture is equal to the inner volume of the shell and as a binder it contains a sulfonic acid derivative.
2. A briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a sulfonic acid derivative, it contains the sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or lignosulfonate.
3. A briquette according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 1 wt. Sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid.
4. A process for the production of fuel briquettes for combustors with layer combustion, comprising mixing the pulverized solid fuel with a solution of a water-soluble organic binder, dosing and packing the mixture with a moisture content of more than 9% by weight. In a closed combustible shell, characterized in that the volume of the mixture to be dosed into the shell is equal to the inner volume of the shell, the sulfonic acid derivative is used as a binder in the form of 30-40% aqueous solution followed by packing by curing the briquettes.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the sulfonic acid derivative is a sodium salt of methylene naphthalenesulfonic acid or a lignosulfonate.
6. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the curing of the briquettes occurs simultaneously with storage, transportation or heating.
7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the curing of the briquettes occurs during combustion in a furnace or in a coke oven battery.
8. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixture is compressed prior to packaging.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the dosage of the mixture and the packaging are conducted simultaneously.
print version
Date of publication 07.01.2007gg
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