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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2268289

METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE WATER-HEAT FUEL

The name of the inventor: Murko Vasily Ivanovich (RU); Fedyaev Vladimir Ivanovich (RU); Dzyuba Dmitry Anatolievich (RU); Anatoly Zaostrovsky (RU); Tatyana Alexandrovna Papina (RU); Klein Mikhail Simkhovich
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company "Scientific and Production Enterprise" Sibecotechnika "
Address for correspondence: 654000, Kemerovo Region, Novokuznetsk, Kommunarov Ave., 2, ZAO NPP Sibecotechnika
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.08.17

The invention relates to methods for preparing a composite liquid fuel based on coal and water and can be used in the fuel industry, housing and utilities, and energy. A method for producing a composite water-coal fuel comprises pre-wet grinding of coal, oil agglomeration of the resulting water-coal slurry, separation of the oil granulate from waste and water, mixing and dispersing the granulate with an organic component. Preliminary wet grinding of the coal is carried out in the presence of a clarified liquid phase obtained by mechanical dehydration of the granulate and clarification of the waste, and before mixing and dispersing the oil granulate is classified according to Cl. 0.1 (0.5) mm with simultaneous mechanical dehydration. +0.1 (0.5) mm, while the dehydrated granulate of the cell is sent to mix and disperse with the organic component in the presence of the plasticizer reagent. +0.1 (0.5) mm and a suspension of the concentrate of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product. The invention allows to produce fuel with increased calorific value with preservation of structural and rheological characteristics, provides explosion and fire protection with complete utilization of all components, and reduces the cost of fuel.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for producing liquid fuel based on coal and water, composite water-coal fuel (VUT), and can be used in the fuel industry, power engineering, housing and communal services, and other industries.

A method for the preparation of coal-water fuel from ordinary coal is known (see 1. Zaydenvarg, E.E., Trubetskoi, K.N., Murko, VI, Nekhoroshiy, I.Kh., Production and use of water-coal fuel, M., , 2001, p.52-56), recommended on the experimental industrial coal pipeline Belovo-Novosibirsk. According to this method, ordinary coal with an ash content of 10-20% is pre-crushed to cl. 0-3 (6) mm, and then ground in a wet method in drum ball and rod mills with the addition of plasticizer reagent.

A method for the enrichment of fine coals and coal slurries by the method of oil agglomeration is known (see 2. Eliashevich, AT, Papushin, Yu.L., Beletsky, BC, Enrichment of coal slurries by the oil agglomeration method, Zh.: "Coke and Chemistry", 1991, No. 5 , Pages 7-9).

According to this method, a preliminary wet grinding of the coal cuttings is carried out to the cl. 0-0.105 mm. Then, the resulting water-coal slurry is subjected to oily agglomeration. As a result, an aqueous mixture of granulate and waste is formed. After the mechanical dewatering of the mixture obtained, the dehydrated granulate and the slurry of the waste are released on the screen. Granulate is the starting product for combustion or coking. A slurry of waste is sent to the dump.

The closest solution to the technical essence and the result achieved is the way in which the coal-oil granulate is prepared for combustion in a furnace (see 3. AS No. 1262204, MK F 23 K 1/00., 07.10.1986, Bul. No. 37). According to this method, oil granulation of the coal slurry is carried out, the granulate is separated from the water by mechanical dewatering and subsequent drying, and before being fed into the furnace, the granulate is dissolved in an organic solvent, preferably in fuel oil, and supplied to the furnace in a liquid form.

The disadvantages of the analogs and the prototype are:

- use of raw unprocessed coal;

- ineffective use of the oil agent due to its waste with waste

And the liquid phase to be removed upon dehydration and thermal drying of the granulate;

- application of fire and explosive thermal drying of granulate after its mechanical dehydration;

- the high cost of the resulting liquid fuel due to the removal of water by the most expensive method - thermal drying and the need to use a large amount of organic solvent heated to 100-180 ° C.

The tasks to be solved by the proposed invention are:

- Increasing the efficiency of using an oil agent in the oil agglomeration of raw coal or coal slurry and then preparing high-quality composite water-coal fuel;

- provision of fire and explosion safety in the preparation of composite water-coal fuel;

- providing the required caloric value and reactivity of composite water-coal fuel while maintaining its structural-rheological characteristics (fluidity and stability);

- reduction in the cost of the finished composite water-coal fuel.

The tasks are solved by the fact that the preliminary wet grinding of the coal (coal slurry) is carried out in the presence of a clarified liquid phase obtained by mechanical dehydration of the granulate and clarification of the waste, and before mixing and dispersing the oil granulate is classified according to Cl. 0.1 (0.5) mm with simultaneous mechanical dehydration. +0.1 (0.5) mm, while the dehydrated granulate of the cell is sent to mix and disperse with the organic component in the presence of the plasticizer reagent. +0.1 (0.5) mm and a suspension of the concentrate of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product.

Indeed, the use of a liquid phase obtained by mechanical dehydration of the granulate and clarification of waste in the stage of preliminary wet grinding of coal or coal slurry allows the unreacted particles of the oil agent present in the liquid phase to actively interact with the emerging "fresh" surfaces of fine carbon particles when grinding. As a result, the agglomeration process is intensified, and the efficiency of using the oil agent is increased due to its more complete application and exclusion of its discharge with waste.

Implementation of the classification of the slurry "oil granulate + waste" with simultaneous mechanical dehydration. +0.1 (0.5) mm, while mixing and dispersing with the organic component in the presence of the plasticizer reagent of the dehydrated granulate. +0.1 (0.5) mm and suspension of concentrate of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product provides the maximum possible degree of use of the oil reagent in the process and the required quality of the resulting composite water-coal fuel. This avoids the expensive explosive and fire-hazardous thermal drying, which predetermines the low cost of the finished product. In fact, a closed technological scheme for the preparation of composite water-coal fuel is realized, which excludes the discharge of the oil agent beyond the water-slime scheme of the fuel-receiving unit. The presence of the plasticizing agent allows the content of the aqueous liquid phase in the finished composite VUT to be reduced to the minimum possible value while maintaining its structural-rheological characteristics (flow and stability) at the required level.

The boundary of the separation of oil granulate, equal to +0.1 (0.5) mm, is due to the upper limit of size in the preliminary grinding, and the best efficiency of dehydration of the obtained granulate on the screening surface. As a sifting surface, it is proposed to use elastic sifting surfaces made of rubber (EPP). Thus, the chosen boundary of classifications provides, firstly, the passage of all rock particles through a sieve, and secondly, the most effective extraction and dehydration of the oil pellets that have already formed into the superficial product.

The realization of the process of control flotation of the sublattice product of the classification of the "oil granulate + waste" slurry, on the one hand, makes it possible to increase the yield of the concentrate by returning to the process the granules of the oil granulate destroyed and mechanically dehydrated during mechanical dehydration, and on the other hand to ensure the supply of residual oil agent to the preparation Composite water-coal fuel.

Mixing and dispersion of oil clinker. +0.1 (0.5) mm and the flotation concentrate of the oversize product with the organic component are generally carried out in a drum mill of a conventional or vibrationally predominantly horizontal type or a mechanical dispersing cavitator. The use of a horizontal ball or rod mill makes it possible to intensify the mixing and dispersing process due to the numerous impacts of grinding media when the mixture moves along the mill drum when it rotates or vibrates. These mills are widely used in coal, mining, cement and other industries.

And it is possible to use modern mechanical dispersing cavitators for mixing and dispersing the oil granulate kg. +0.1 (0.5) mm and concentrate of flotation of the sublattice product with an organic component in the presence of a plasticizer reagent, which allows these processes to be efficiently performed to produce a well flowing and stable composition water-coal fuel.

A dewatered oversize product containing, as a rule, whole carbon oil granules is sent for dispersion and mixing with an organic component in the presence of a plasticizer reagent.

The sublattice product containing the dilapidated and destroyed carbon oil pellets and wastes is subjected to control flotation, as a result of which the concentrate containing the residues of the carbon oil pellets is in the form of a carbon oil aqueous suspension and fed to the dispersion and mixing, and the slurry with the rock is sent for thickening and clarification. The clarified liquid phase returns to the process head - to wet grinding of the initial fine coal or coal slurry. As a result, the maximum degree of use of the oil agent is ensured and its discharge outside the fuel preparation plant is excluded. Ultimately, the above operations lead to a reduction in the cost of finished composite water-coal fuel and to improve its quality.

As an oil agent, heating oil, AF-2 flotation agents, AAP-1, oil for blending the charge, etc. are used.

As reagents-plasticizers, as a rule, compositions based on alkali-reagent (DIC) or technical lignosulfonate (LST) are used [1].

As an organic component, oil, fuel oil, heavy pyrolysis resin, ethyl or methyl alcohols, etc. are used.

The sublattice product of classification and mechanical dewatering is submitted to control flotation, as a result of which unreacted oil agent particles, dilapidated and destroyed oil granules (if present) by the action of supplied air bubbles and, if necessary, a small dose of flotation agent, float to the surface and in the form of an aqueous suspension Are directed to mixing and homogenization with an organic solvent in the presence of a plasticizer reagent. Set in the flotation machine rock part in the form of a slurry is removed for dehydration and clarification. Clarified water is sent to the head of the process. Dehydrated rock (waste) is removed to the dump.

For mixing and dispersing the oil granulate. +0.1 (0.5) mm and suspensions of concentrate of control flotation with an organic solvent, these products are fed to a drum mill or a mechanical cavitator dispersant. At the same time, the reactant-plasticizer and, if necessary, part of the clarified liquid phase (not shown) are dosed into the process.

As a result of intensive mixing and dispersion in the drum mill or mechanical dispersant-cavitator, a finished composite water-coal fuel with the necessary structural-rheological characteristics is formed. This is ensured by the use of a suitable plasticizer reagent. As already mentioned above, methyl or ethyl alcohols, fuel oil, oil or heavy pyrolysis resin, etc. are used as an organic component. As a rule, the reagents-plasticizers are compositions based on an alkali-reagent and technical lignosulfonates.

The method for producing composite water-coal fuel is realized as follows (see the drawing).

The initial fine coal or coal slurry is ground by a wet method to Cl. 0-0.1 (0.5) mm. In this case, the liquid phase is the liquid phase formed during mechanical dehydration of the granulate and clarification of the waste after the oil agglomeration. The resulting water-coal slurry is sent to the oil agglomeration in the granulator, where the binder is added - an oil agent, for example, mazut. The implementation of oil agglomeration occurs due to the fact that hydrophobic or hydrophobized during grinding coal particles when turbulized in an aqueous medium with a binder (a hydrocarbon liquid) form agglomerates consisting of coal particles, interconnected by a thin film of oil. Gradually, the agglomerates are compacted, structurally transformed into sufficiently strong and dense granules of predominantly spherical shape. Coal-oil products float to the surface and are removed together with a part of the liquid phase. The bulk of the liquid phase is then separated during classification and mechanical dehydration of the granulate, for example, on a vibrating screen with a grid (slit) of 0.1 (0.5) mm in size. Mineral hydrophilic particles (waste) are deposited and removed from the granulator in the form of a slurry. The resulting slurry enters the classification (for example, a vibrating screen equipped with EPG), which results in the separation of granules and solid particles of the slurry according to the cl. 0.1 (0.5) mm with simultaneous dewatering. +0.1 (0.5) mm. The onset product of classification in the form of an oil granulate in the composition of granules of cl. +0.1 (0.5) mm, containing pure carbon particles, is directed to mixing and dispersing into a drum mill or a mechanical cavitator dispersant. At the same time, the organic component (for example, methyl or ethyl alcohols, fuel oil, oil or heavy pyrolysis resin), plasticizer reagent (for example, based on technical lignosulfonate or alkaline reagent) and suspension of concentrate of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product are fed to the mixing and dispersing.

As a result of mixing and dispersing the incoming materials, a composite water-coal fuel is formed, which has the necessary rheological characteristics for hydrotransportation, storage and direct combustion of heat generating plants in boilers. The product of the control flotation after thickening and dehydration is sent to the dump, and the clarified liquid phase is sent to the process head.

Examples of the proposed method for producing composite water-coal fuel:

As a raw material, coal slurries of D, SS and T grades were taken.

Table 1 presents the results of the oil agglomeration of pre-crushed before cl. 0.5 mm of coal slurry samples in a rod mill with a mass fraction of a solid phase of 50% and subsequent classification on a vibrating screen with a cell size of 0.5 mm. The liquid phase was a clarified liquid phase (the solid content did not exceed 1 g / l).

Table 2 presents the results of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product and mechanical dehydration.

When mixing dehydrated oil granules. +0.5 mm with a concentrate of control flotation of the sublattice product, an insignificant increase in the ash content of the mixture was obtained as compared to the ash content of the carbon oil pellets, respectively, for grade D sludge. The ash content of the mixture was 3.9, CC-6.7 and T-6.9%. However, the ash content of the waste has significantly increased. Accordingly, up to 75.1; 71.5 and 62.3%.

Further, the mixture of the superlattice product of classification and mechanical dewatering (cl. +0.1 (0.5) mm) and suspension of concentrate of control flotation were loaded into a vibrating mill. At the same time, a solution of the plasticizer reagent obtained on the basis of DIC (50% UWD + 50% Na ₂ CO ₃ ) was fed into the mill drum and organic components alternately: oil, heavy fuel oil, heavy pyrolysis resin, methyl alcohol. When using methyl alcohol, a reagent-classifier based on LST (75% LST + 25% NaOH) was used. The reagent consumption was 1% of the solid mass of the mixture.

The results of preparation of composite water-coal fuel in a vibratory mill are presented in Table 3.

Thus, the given examples of the implementation of the developed method for the preparation of high-reaction water-coal fuel show its technical feasibility and high quality of the fuel produced.

The performed technical and economic calculations show that when using composite water-coal fuel based on methyl alcohol, the cost of generating 1 MW of electric energy is 30-62% lower compared to fuel oil.

Currently, on the basis of the proposed method, a stand-by demonstration unit for the preparation (enrichment) of coal slurry, the preparation on its basis of composite water-coal fuel and its combustion in a furnace of a boiler, was developed and put into operation.

CLAIM

A process for the preparation of a composite coal-water fuel comprising a preliminary wet-grinding of coal, an oil agglomeration of the resulting water-coal slurry, separation of the oil granulate from waste and water, mixing and dispersing the granulate with an organic component, characterized in that the pre-wet grinding of the coal is carried out in the presence of a clarified liquid phase obtained At mechanical dehydration of the granulate and clarification of waste, and before mixing and dispersing the oil granulate is classified in class 0.1 (0.5) mm with simultaneous mechanical dewatering of the class +0.1 (0.5) mm, while mixing and dispersing with Anhydrous granulate of class +0.1 (0.5) mm and a suspension of the concentrate of the control flotation of the sublattice classification product are sent to the organic component in the presence of the plasticizer reagent.

print version
Date of publication 09.04.2007гг

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