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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2250878
METANTENK
The name of the inventor: Andryukhin Timofey Yakovlevich
The name of the patent holder: Andryukhin Timofey Yakovlevich
Address for correspondence: 125445, Moscow, Leningradskoe sh., 112 / 1-4, kv.930, T.Ya.Andryukhin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.12.26
The invention is intended for use in municipal and in agriculture for the successive phase-by-phase anaerobic digestion of various solid unsorted and unmilled fermentable organic wastes of towns and villages, agricultural wastes, rural estates and suburban areas, with the development of high-quality disinfected from pathogenic microflora, helminths, eggs and Seeds of weeds of liquid mineralized organic fertilizers with a high content of humus and combustible biogas for energy purposes. The methane tank contains a horizontal reservoir divided by internal tanks that do not extend to the top and bottom of the reservoir by transverse partitions to gas sections with gas collectors and liquid flow-through chambers with drain valves, loading and unloading pipes, heaters of fermentation mass and a gas line connected to the gas collectors of gas sections to the gas holder. The tank has a chain-scraper loading and unloading elevator with drive, horizontally placed working branches of which, with a perforated fence between and around them, are introduced from the side of the loading pipe into the interior of the tank, below the level of fermented liquid organic mass established in the tank. To the gas collector of the first gas section is connected a gas line for suctioning biogas from it into the injector, which interacts with the pump for pumping out the mass to be fermented in the chamber and forcing it back into the chamber, through the injector and the dispersant of the gas-liquid mixture formed in the injector. The technical result: improvement of the methane tank, ensuring effective cleavage of solid fermentable organic matter of the waste and the greatest production of high-quality liquid mineralized humus saturated organic fertilizers and combustible biogas of high calorific value.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is intended for use in communal and in agriculture for the successive phase-by-phase anaerobic digestion of various solid unsorted and unmilled organic waste from towns and villages, agricultural wastes, rural estates and suburban areas with the development of high-quality disinfected from pathogenic microflora, helminths, their eggs and Seeds of weeds of liquid mineralized organic fertilizers with a high content of humus and combustible biogas for energy purposes.
There is a known methane / fermenter for successive, single-phase anaerobic fermentation of unmilled and undiluted various fermentable solid organic wastes, with the production of liquid organic fertilizers and combustible biogas for energy purposes, the tank of which is equipped with a gas collector and a chain-scraper loading and unloading elevator of solid waste, A study to identify the pH gradient over the height of the reservoir and establish a zone of active bioconversion of a bird that is unmetered when loading a single bird feather, including flywheels / log "Biotekhnologia", 1989, v. 5 No. 2, pp. 222-224, pic.3 "b".
The disadvantage of this known methane is that the location of the branches of its chain-scraper elevator is vertically arranged on the opposite sides of the tank and the bottom of the methane tank through a neutral fermentation zone with a pH of 7.0 and through the lower fermentation zone with a pH of more than 7.2 where there is no active participation Digesting / hydrolyzing / organic substances of microorganisms and where solid organic waste remains without their splitting.
Known and the plant's methane tank for the production of liquid organic fertilizers and biogas from various crushed and liquefied organic wastes from communal and agricultural industries by as. SSSP No. 1198026, containing a warmed and heated horizontal cylindrical tank, divided internally by cross-sections that do not extend to the top and bottom of the tank by partitions to gas sections with gas collectors and flowing liquid fermentation chambers, loading and unloading branch pipes with closures, heat exchanger, hatches for cleaning chambers, gas pipeline From gas collectors to gasholder, which provides a consistent phase-by-phase anaerobic digestion of various liquefied and ground fermentable organic waste.
The disadvantage of the above is known from the AS. USSR No. 1198026 of a methane tank is unsuitable for its use for anaerobic digestion of solid un-milled and undiluted organic waste.
At the same time, in terms of its technical nature and the result achieved, the methanenchane by a.s. No. 1198026 is the closest to the invention.
It is an object of the present invention to provide such a methane tank that does not contain the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and would provide more efficient cleavage / digestion of the solid fermentable organic matter of the waste without shredding it in an acidic fermentation phase at a pH of less than 7.0 by an active symbiosis of cleavage / hydrolysing / microorganisms When producing from the solid fermentable organic waste the highest quantity of high-quality liquid mineralized saturated with humus organic fertilizers and combustible biogas of high caloric content.
According to the invention, the stated task of creating a new methane tank is achieved by the fact that a chain-scraping loading and unloading elevator with a drive is installed in the tank, the working branches of which are horizontally placed above each other, with the perforated fence between them and around them inserted from the loading nozzle into the interior of the tank below Installed in the tank level of fermented liquid organic mass, and to the gas collector of the first gas section, a gas line is drawn from the biogas from it to the injector that interacts with the pump of pumping out the mass to be fermented in the chamber and injecting it back into the chamber through the injector connected with it and a disperser formed in the gas- Mixture, while the tank of the methane tank is made in its cross-sectional shape round, oval, square, rectangular or polygonal.
The set task is achieved by the fact that the gas pipeline of biogas suction from the first gas section is connected to the gas pipeline to the gas holder by means of two separate gas pipelines, one of which has a pressure relief valve for releasing excess biogas from the first gas section to the gas line to the gas tank, and a second gas pipeline is equipped with a reduction The biogas supply valve from the gas pipeline to the gas holder in the first gas section with the formation of a vacuum in it, while the elevator is L-shaped and the marking of the location of the liquid discharge threshold from the unloaded solid waste discharged from the L-shaped discharge pipe is above the level of the fermentable organic masses.
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1 shows a cross-sectional view of a methanthene; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the methane tank in Fig. 1 from above; FIG. 3 is a view along AA in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 shows a fragment of a chain-scraper elevator from above; 6 is a view of a fragment of the chain-scraper elevator in Fig. 4 from the side.
The methane tank shown in the drawings is a tank 1 horizontally made in the cross-section of a round, oval, square, rectangular or polygonal shape and made of various materials, including concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, stone, etc., has gas collectors 2 and 3 above segregated gas gathering Sections, a gas line to the gas holder 4 with pressure reducing valves 5 and 6 connected to the gas supply line 7 of the biogas suction from the gas collector 2 of the first gas collection section, the discharge outlet 8 of the discharged mass with the damper 9 controlling the level of the fermentation in the tank 1, the hatches 10 of the sludge removal from the fermentation chambers. A pump 11 is connected to the tank 1, interacting with the injector 12 connected by the gas-liquid mixture supply line 13 from the injector 12 to the disperser 14 installed in the first chamber, while the mass that is fermented in the first chamber of the suction conduit 15 fed into the first chamber enters the pump 11 to provide Preparing in the injector 12 a gas-liquid mixture which mixes the fermentation mass in the first chamber. A radiator 16 connected by conduits 17 to the heater is installed to heat the fermentation in the tank 1, and cranes 18 and 19 are installed from the liquid and gas reservoir 1, while the internal volume of the reservoir 1, alternately not reaching its bottom and the top, with partitions 20, is divided On flowing liquid chambers, the amount and volumes of which are set depending on the volume of the tank 1, the composition and quantity of fermented waste, the technological regimen of fermentation and the expected quantity and quality of fermentation products. The tank 1 is provided with supports 21 for its installation in the design position, has a thermal insulation coating 22 outside.
From the end, on the side of the loading tube, in the tank 1 there is a neck 35 with circular flanges into which is inserted and to the flange of which bolts 36 a detachable adjusting and cleaning chain-scraper-shaped L-shaped elevator 23 with a loading 24 and unloading 25 nozzles , While workers working on top of each other and working on the upper 26 and lower 27 branches with a perforated / sieve, the mesh / fence between them 28 and the outside around them 29 and 40, - its horizontal part is installed inside the tank 1 below the level of fermented organic mass, Forming a separate zone in its perforated enclosure in which the first phase of anaerobic digestion is carried out in an acidic medium at a pH of less than 7.0 and from which, through a perforated enclosure, the organic mass in the alkaline medium, fermented in the tank 1 in the second phase, Liquid decay / hydrolysis / solid waste products of the first fermentation phase, while the unsegmented portion of the solid waste and the unfermented inorganic inclusions charged into the pipe 24 as part of the unsorted solid waste are discharged from the nozzle 25, being partially drained back to the reservoir 1 by liquid through a perforated inclined Surface 30. To overload the fermentable solid waste from the top 26 branches to the bottom 27 in the guard 28, a window 31 is formed, which is shown by an arc arrow in FIG.
Depending on the size and form of the implementation of the methane tank, the frequency of its loading, the quantity and quality of solid waste and the fermentation regime established by the technological procedure, the actuator 32 of the branches 26 and 27 of its elevator 23 can be made manually (lever, wheel) or electromechanically 33 and lateral guide sprockets 34 defining the position of the working branches of the elevator 23 consisting of traction plate chains 37 with scrapers 38 attached thereto. The hatch 39 is provided for periodic inspection, inspection and repair of the working chamber. If sand, soil, Fine gravel, shells and other fine-dimensioned non-digestible mineral inclusions that can fall through the perforated fence 29 of the working branches 26 and 27 into the interior of the tank 1 to form a mineral deposit on its bottom, the lower sheet of the perforated guard 29 should be replaced by a solid sheet 40 / /, For which when the level of the liquid in the tank 1 is partially reduced, it is necessary to disconnect the elevator 23, remove it from the reservoir 1 and replace the perforated sheet 29 with a solid one.
The execution of the chain-scraper elevator 23 in a rectangular plan view, as shown in phantom in FIG. 2, allows the tank 1 of the methane tank to be shaped in a cross-sectional form in a circular cross-section, oval, square, rectangular or polygonal using various materials to identify efficiency and availability Application of this or that variant of manufacturing of a methane tank in concrete conditions of its use.
The work of the inventive methanthene for carrying out the method of sequential one-phase anaerobic digestion of ungrounded, unsorted and undiluted solid fermentable organic waste, depending on the type, quality and moisture of the raw materials, the need to generate from it the required quantity and quality of combustible biogas and liquid mineralized organic fertilizer saturated with humus, Effective decontamination of fermentable solid waste from pathogenic microflora, helminths, their eggs and weed seeds with other undesirable inclusions can be carried out in a wide range of sizes and productivity of various forms of methane tanks from various materials, variable doses of cyclic or continuous loading at temperatures of fermentation from + 10 ° C to + 60 ° С, which is assigned by the technological regulations for the specific use of the methane tank of the selected capacity and form of manufacture.
Anaerobic digestion of solid unmilled, unsorted and undigested fermented various organic wastes formed in rural and communal services, in production and domestic conditions of factories, farms, complexes, individual houses and estates, country and garden areas, food and similar Public catering establishments, canteens, restaurants, cafes, etc., in the invented methanthene is performed as follows.
In a pre-filled anaerobically fermented organic mass, the tank 1, which can be feces of animals and poultry or fermented mass from another operating methane tank, is injected through the loading pipe 24 of the elevator 23 set into the working design position at the turn of the actuator 32 without any preparation. Loading can be disposable per day, reusable or continuous, which determines the technological regulations for each methane tank, taking into account the above factors. The loading can be carried out both on both working branches 26 and 27 of the elevator 23 and only on the top one 26, which causes a two-day fermentation of the daily solid waste, whereas during daily loading on both 26 and 27 branches of the elevator 23 fermentation will only be carried out a day from Daily discharge of unfermented solid waste and unfermented minerals present in loaded solid waste. The corresponding fermentation will be carried out with other loading methods.
The foregoing embodiment of the inventive methane is able to fully utilize both liquid and gaseous cleavage / hydrolysis / solid organic waste products of the first fermentation phase in an acidic environment at a pH of less than 7.0 in the second fermentation phase in an alkaline medium at a pH greater than 7.2, Provides the production of the greatest quantity and the best quality of liquid mineralized humus-saturated organic fertilizers and combustible biogas of increased caloric content from solid organic wastes. At the same time, almost complete decay / hydrolysis / organic matter of solid fermentable organic waste is loaded into the methane tank.
An essential advantage of the inventive methane is also its ability to separate and use the fermentable organic substances found in various solid waste products to be loaded from non-fermentable and from mineral inorganic inclusions as part of solid waste and to discharge them outside the methane tank with dehydrated ones. This advantage of the inventive methane in the separation of solid waste during their fermentation eliminates the need to separate the composition of solid waste prior to fermentation, as well as eliminates the need for sorting, grinding and liquefaction.
CLAIM
1. A methane tank for sequential, phasic anaerobic digestion of various solid unmilled and unsorted fermented organic wastes with the production of liquid mineralized humus with organic fertilizer and combustible biogas, containing a horizontal reservoir divided by internal alternately not reaching the top and bottom of the reservoir by transverse partitions to gas sections with Gas collectors and fluid flow communicating chambers with drain valves, loading and unloading pipes, heaters of fermented mass and a gas pipeline connected to gas collectors of gas sections to the gas holder, characterized in that a chain-scraper loading and unloading elevator with a drive horizontally arranged one above the other The working branches of which, with a perforated enclosure between and around them, are introduced from the side of the feed tube into the interior of the tank below the level of the fermented liquid organic mass installed in the tank, and a gas line for extracting biogas from it to the gas header of the first gas section is connected to the injector interacting with the pumping out pump fermented in Mass chamber and forcing it back into the chamber, through the injector connected with it and the dispersant of the gas-liquid mixture formed in the injector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is shaped in cross-sectional form in a circular, oval, square, rectangular or polygonal form.
3. The methane tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the biogas suction gas pipe from the first section is connected to the gas pipeline to the gas holder by means of two separate gas pipelines, one of which is built-in a pressure relief valve for releasing biogas overpressure from the first gas section to the gas tanker, and in the second The gas pipeline has a built-in biogas supply pressure reducing valve from the gas pipeline to the gas holder in the first gas section with the formation of a vacuum in it.
4. A meat-towel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevator is L-shaped and the marking of the location of the liquid discharge threshold from the unloaded solid waste discharged from the L-shaped discharge pipe is discharged above the level of the organic mass fermented in the tank.
print version
Date of publication 28.03.2007gg
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