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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2206976

Method of reproduction of well-watered potato plants

Method of reproduction of well-watered potato plants

The name of the inventor: Zeyruk VN; Barkalov AG; Tikhonova LV; Bessonov AS; Nazarov N.M. I. Paremskiy; Korshunov AV; Chernikov VI; Masyuk Yu.A. Marianovskaya MV; Zhulin AI; Sychev A.E.
The name of the patent holder: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Management
Address for correspondence: 140052, Moscow Region., Luberetskiy rn, p / o Korenjovo, st. Lorkh, VNIIKh, V.I. To Chernikov
The effective date of the patent: 2001.08.23

The invention is intended for use in agriculture in seed production and breeding. The method includes preparing test tubes, planting the shoots into cuvettes on wet filter paper, rooting them to obtain seedlings. Prepared plants in the form of ingrained cuttings or pieces of tubers with sprouted eyes or germinated minstrel before germination are treated with 1% solution of bacterial drug Extrasol and / or nematode-bacterial complex at a titer of 1000 invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes in 1 ml of the preparation. In this case, a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, a 0.01-0.05% solution of trace elements and a 1% solution of biofertilizers are used as a nutrient solution. After germination in cuvettes on moist filter paper and the emergence of rootlets, they are planted in paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or growing of plants is carried out in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate based on zeolite, or peat, or soil agar. The invention allows to accelerate the process of reproduction, to reduce the consumption of test tubes and to increase labor productivity.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in seed farming and potato breeding, in farming seed farms.

Known is the method of propagation of greenhouse greenhouse plants, including planting plants from test tubes into greenhouses on a well-fertilized background. As soon as the plants reach a height of 20-25 cm, on each stem a top with 3-4 real leaves is cut. After 2 weeks from each sinus leaf of the uterine plant escapes. With the growth of uterine plants and the growth of new axillary shoots, they are repeatedly removed. Before landing in the ground cuttings are rooted in the seedling boxes (1).

A method of propagation of potato varieties is known, including the preparation of test tubes, the planting of seed shoots on moist filter paper in cuvettes with glass cover, and after the appearance of rudimentary roots, the sprouted cuttings are planted in closed ground or seedlings are grown from them, which can then be planted in open ground 2).

The disadvantage of these methods is the long duration of the process, the requirement of a large number of test tubes, and low labor productivity.

The purpose of the present invention is to reduce labor costs, create more favorable conditions for the development of potatoes, increase productivity in the reproduction of healthy plants.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the method of reproduction of healthy potato plants includes the preparation of test tubes, the planting of shoot shoots in cuvettes on wet filter paper, rooting them to obtain seedlings. Prepared plants in the form of ingrained cuttings or slices of tubers with sprouted ocelli or germinating minstrel before germination are treated with 1% solution of bacterial drug Extrasol and / or non-bacterial complex at a titer of 1000 invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes in 1 ml of the preparation, and as nutrient solution Use a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, 0,01-0,05% solution of trace elements and 1% solution of biofertilizers, and after germination in cuvettes on moist filter paper and the appearance of rootlets and sprouts they are planted in paper cups With a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or growing of plants is carried out in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate on the basis of zeolite or peat, or soil agar. When growing, the illumination is (4-5) · 1000 lux for 16-18 hours a day, at an air temperature of 20-25 ° С, the substrate humidity is 70-80% of the total humidity, and the relative air humidity is 80-85%.

Distinctive features of the claimed method is that the prepared plants in the form of ingrained cuttings or slices of tubers with sprouted eyes or germinated minilabs before germination are treated with 1% solution of bacterial drug Extrasol and / or nematode-bacterial complex at a titer of 1000 invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes in 1 Ml of the drug, and as a nutrient solution use 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, 0.01-0.05% solution of trace elements (containing boron, manganese, copper) and 1% solution of biofertilizers, and after germination Plants and the appearance of roots and sprouts are planted in paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or growing of plants is carried out in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate on the basis of zeolite or peat or soil agar. These differences make it possible to conclude that the claimed method of propagation of healthy potato plants meets the criterion of "novelty".

Comparative analysis with known technical solutions and prototype shows that the proposed method is characterized by the presence of new technological methods - the preparation of test tubes or pieces of tubers with sprouted eyes, or germinated minilabs, or ingrained cuttings - by treatment with a 1% solution of the drug Extrasol and / or nematode -bacterial complex, planting plants in paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 , filled with nutrient substrate on the basis of zeolite or peat with additives of 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, 0,01-0,05% solution of microelements (containing Boron, manganese, copper), and 1% solution of biofertilizers, or cultivation of propagated plants in soil agar with the above supplements. Further cultivation of plants with irrigation, mineral and biofeeds is carried out until the next cuttings and their subsequent rooting in cups or in polyethylene, where cultivation is carried out at illumination (4-5) · 1000 lux for 16-18 hours a day at an air temperature of 20 - 25 o С, substrate humidity 70-80% of total humidity and relative humidity of 80-85%.

According to the known technologies, growing plants in test tubes is a cumbersome, laborious process that takes place under sterile conditions, as a result of which plants, after planting in the ground, require special conditions and observations to adapt to non-sterile conditions. The use of paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or polyethylene film, instead of expensive test tubes with cotton plugs, sharply reduces the cost of the improved plants, improves the reproductive efficiency of the healthy plants, simplifies the method of reproduction. The use of zeolite or peat, or soil agar as a substrate, allows creating favorable conditions for the development of healthy plants.

The bacterial preparation used as a growth regulator was developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (VNIISKhM) and recommended for use under the trademark Extrasol. The composition of the drug includes living cells of bacteria actively inhabiting the rhizosphere of agricultural plants, as well as the products of their metabolism, stimulating plant growth and inhibiting the development of phytopathogenic microorganisms. The drug is used for presowing bacterination of seeds, roots of seedlings and tubers, as well as for foliar top dressing of plants, improving their nutrition and protecting against diseases.

The used nematode-bacterial biopreparations have been developed in the All-Russian Research Institute of Potato (VNIIKhH) together with the All-Russian Institute of Helminthology named after. K.I. Scriabin, the University of Friendship of Peoples (UDN) them. P. Lumumba and LLC "House of Nature" of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature (VOOP). The biopreparation Nemabakt was developed by the All-Russian Plant Protection Institute (VIZR) and is developed by the Moscow firm BIORANTA.

Entomopathogenic nematodes and associated bacteria are antagonists of phytopathogenic nematodes, capable of infecting insects, stopping the development of pathogenic organisms (phytophthora, bacterial and fungal decay) than protecting potato sprouts from pathogens and from the golden potato cyst-forming nematode, and the substances they produce stimulate growth and Development of plants. Growth substances released by this group of microorganisms contribute to the acceleration of root formation.

The presence of new technological methods in the proposed method of reproduction of the improved potato plants and their combination with known ones makes it possible to accelerate the multiplication of plants, improve the quality of products, and create more favorable conditions for the development of potatoes. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "essential differences".

THE METHOD IS PROVIDED AS FOLLOWS:

Example 1 . Use of test tubes. In elite seed production under laboratory conditions, healthy plants are grown from apical meristems in vitro in vitro, producing microtubers measuring 0.8-1.8 cm in diameter. When the microtubes reach the indicated sizes and die from the tops, they are removed from the test tubes, washed from agar and stored in cellophane paper in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2-4 ° C. After a period of rest (2-3 months), the microtubers are treated with a 1% solution before planting Extrasol and / or nematode-bacterial complex.

For processing microtubers with solutions of biological preparations and fertilizers use the universal ultra-low-volume protector PUM-30-MIP. As working bodies in the disinfectant, rotary disc atomizers are used, which ensure dispersion of the working fluid onto drops with a diameter of 40-60 μm. The etchant consists of two disk atomizers, a pickling chamber, a metering pump, a dispenser drive, an electronic control scheme for dispensing working fluid, and a container for the preparation with a communication system for feeding the drug into the working organs. The etchant operates from a 220 V mains supply. In seed farms, depending on the amount of etching work, for example, a hand-held universal ultra-low-volume sprayer of the DER-INVAL brand is used. It consists of a spray head with a supporting rod with a fastening rod of the extension rod. The spray head provides dispersion of the working fluid. With the help of a hand sprayer, the whole range of works is carried out both for the processing of microtubers before germination and during the vegetative period of plants.

After treatment with drugs, the microtubers are placed in cuvettes on wet filter paper and covered with a sheet of glass. Cuvette from time to time aired, removing the glass for 1 hour a day. Filter paper moistened with 1% solution of Extrasol, 1-3% solution of mineral, and 0,01-0,05% solution of trace elements (containing boron, manganese, copper), and 1% solution of biofertilizers. For vegetative propagation of potatoes, a conveyor system consisting of 100 cell cuvettes placed in the chambers with dosed irrigation, adjustable temperature in the range of 20-25 o C, relative humidity of air within 80 -85%, illumination (4-5) · 1000 lux and photoperiod 16-18 hours a day. The unit is equipped with UV illumination to stimulate plant growth and sterilize the nutrient substrate used (peat or soil agar).

As a fertilizer use a complex fertilizer - nitroammofosku, as microfertilizers - a solution of copper sulfate. The use of copper ions activates photosynthesis, accelerates tuber formation, and disinfects eyes. Manganese fertilizers are added in the form of manganese sulphate. As a growth bioregulator bacterial preparation is used Extrasol, developed on the basis of bacteria from the genera Agrobacterium, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Azomonas, which have high growth dynamics, are able to settle on the roots and in the rhizosphere of cultivated plants and / or culture fluids of entomopathogenic nematodes: Neoaplectana (= Steinernema ); Carpocapsae Var. Agriotos W (Nemabakt); Pristionchus Uniformis Var. Oz. (Diprin-03); Steinernema Feltia (Nematol-F); At a titer of 1000 individuals in 1 ml and a dilution of 1000 times.

After warming in a warm moist chamber under laboratory conditions, the plants quickly germinate, young sprouts and roots appear on them. When the roots are 0.5 cm in length and shoots are up to 1 cm (after 10-12 days), the plants are planted in paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or in lumps of nutrient substrate, wrapped in polyethylene film. A nutrient solution based on zeolite or peat with additives of 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, 0,01-0,05% solution of microelements (containing boron, manganese, copper), 1% solution of biofertilizers as a product of processing Manure and plant residues by a nematode-bacterial complex or for growing plants, 1% molten agar mixed with 99% humus soil or peat is used.

Plants are cultivated with periodic irrigation, mineral and biofeed before obtaining the next cuttings and their subsequent rooting in the cups, or the grown plants are placed in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate, the cultivation being carried out at illumination (4-5) · 1000 lux for 16-18 H per day at an air temperature of 20-25 o C, substrate humidity of 70-80% of the total humidity and a relative humidity of 80-85%.

Example 2 . When using pieces of tubers with sprouted eyes, they are soaked for 10-12 minutes in a solution of mineral fertilizer (as in example 1), a solution of microelements, a bioregulator rasta Extrasol or a nematode bacterial complex, biofertilizers. Then the pieces of tubers are planted in paper cups or placed in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate. Depth of planting, temperature, lightness, humidity are similar to the method of growing test tubes.

Example 3 . Use of germinated minitubers. Minitubers are obtained by decreasing the area of ​​feeding, for example, 6 · 6 cm. Pre-minitubers are washed, sprayed with a solution of mineral fertilizers (as in example 1), a solution of microelements, growth bioregulators, biofertilizers. Then the pieces of tubers are planted in paper cups or placed in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate. Depth of planting, temperature, illumination, humidity are similar to the method of growing test tubes (Example 1).

Example 4 . Use of ingrained cuttings. To obtain cuttings from autumn, select healthy tubers of selected varieties and lay them for a long sprouting, pre-treatment of fungal infections with a 1% solution of boric acid. When sprouts grow to a length of 10-20 cm or more, they break off at the base of the uterine tubers and proceed to cuttings. The sprouts of the razor blade are cut into pieces 1.5-2 cm long by the number of embryonic kidneys. Cuttings are spread on moist filter paper in cuvettes that are covered with a sheet of glass or a conveyor system consisting of 100-cell cuvettes sequentially delivered to the transporter (with an interval of 3-4 days) located in a chamber with dosed irrigation, adjustable temperature, humidity and photoperiod (As in Example 1).

Example 5 . Use of soil agar as a substrate for the reproduction of potato cuttings. Miniclubs with germinated eyes are soaked for 10-12 minutes in succession in a solution of mineral fertilizers (as in example 1), a solution of microelements, bioregulators of growth, mineral fertilizers, biofertilizers and biofungicides, then minitubers are planted in paper cups or placed in polyethylene film with a lump of nutritious Substrate, where soil agar is used as the nutrient substrate, which is obtained by mixing 1% molten agar with 99% humus soil or peat, which is further mixed with 0.01% mixture of trace elements, mineral and biological fertilizers. Depth of planting, temperature, illumination, humidity are similar to the method of growing test tubes (Example 1).

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Zamotayev AI, Trofimtsev L.N. Et al. - Methods of accelerated reproduction in primary seed farming of potatoes. Publishing house of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, VDNH, 1981. Booklet.

2. Trofimets LN, Boyko V.V. And others. Virus-free seed farming of potatoes (Recommendations). - Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1990, 16 p.

CLAIM

1. A method of propagation of healthy potato plants, including the preparation of test tubes, the planting of shoot shoots in cuvettes on wet filter paper, rooting them to obtain seedlings, characterized in that the prepared plants in the form of ingrained cuttings or pieces of tubers with germinated eyes or germinated minstrel before germination Treated with 1% solution of bacterial drug Extrasol and / or nematode-bacterial complex at a titer of 1000 invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes in 1 ml of the preparation, while a nutrient solution is used with a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, 0.01-0 , 05% solution of trace elements and 1% solution of biofertilizers, and after germination in cuvettes on wet filter paper and the appearance of roots they are planted in paper cups with a capacity of 40-80 cm 3 or growing of plants is carried out in a polyethylene film with a lump of nutrient substrate on Based zeolite, or peat, or soil agar.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that growing is carried out at illumination (4-5) · 1000 lux for 16-18 hours a day at an air temperature of 20-25 ° C, substrate humidity of 70-80% of total moisture , The relative humidity of air is 80-85%.

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Date of publication 06.03.2007гг