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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2070788
METHOD OF GROWING HEALTHY PICKING MATERIAL OF POTATOES
The inventor's name: Nikolaevskaya LD; Shcherbinin AN
The name of the patent holder: Scientific and Production Association "Gornoye"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.07.01
Use: agriculture and biotechnology, in particular when obtaining a healthy planting stock potatoes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The method includes planting test-regenerating plants in a greenhouse at the end of June, and the first-generation tubers are planted in a greenhouse without cover in the first decade of March, and the greenhouse is covered with a film after reaching a shoot height of 15-20 cm.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for producing a healthy seed potato material in southern regions of Russia.
A method for producing first generation tubers is known, which includes propagation of seedlings in film rolls and their cultivation in the open ground (Potatoes and Vegetables, 1990, No. 2).
However, this method in the conditions of the south of Russia does not ensure the release of a sufficiently healthy seed material due to the high daily temperature and the density of the population of the virus-carrying insects.
A method for growing seedlings in summer film greenhouses is known, which includes retardant treatment (1% by camposan) to reduce foliar growth and stimulate tuber formation in high daytime temperatures, and growing in winter greenhouses during the autumn-winter and winter-spring periods (Virus-free Potato seed production, M. Agropromizdat, 1990).
However, the use of retardants for normal tuber formation is limited by the high cost and inaccessibility of the reagents. Growing the same potatoes in winter greenhouses is associated with additional material costs.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of tubers, improve their quality, reduce costs and increase the intensity of use of the greenhouse area.
METHOD FOLLOWING FOLLOWING
After testing the original test plant regenerants by ELISA for a hidden virus infection, cuttings of healthy plants are made to the required volumes and planted in film rolls for cultivation.
Prepared seedlings are planted in a greenhouse at the end of June according to the scheme of 40 x 20 cm.
Such a late planting period for seedlings in summer greenhouses allows them to shift their development to a shortened photoperiod of 10-11 hours in July-August, and the period of tuber formation is timed to the second half of August, when night temperatures in foothill conditions are 12-17 o . Lowered night temperatures and a shorter day stimulate active tuber formation. During the vegetation period, all the necessary work is done to care for plants / watering, loosening, hilling, protective measures against pests and diseases. In accordance with the technique, in the end of bud-budding-flowering phase, 2-3 visual clearings are carried out and 5-10 plants are tested for latent viral infection by ELISA. Dug up the tubers in the second half of October with culling and selection for quality and yield. The collected seed material is stored.
In February, the tubers of the 1st tuber generation are prepared for early planting by any method known from the literature. With the germinated tubers removed from the sprout and checked for a hidden virus infection. Healthy tubers are calibrated and planted in the first decade of March, when average daily temperatures reach 8-11 ° C, into the open greenhouse in the ridges prepared since autumn.
When the shoots reach a height of 15-20 cm / end of April-early May / top, the greenhouses are covered with a film, and the sides are covered with gauze. This protects plants from secondary infection with a viral infection, because The first peak of summer vectors of infection occurs at the end of the first and beginning of the second decade of May. Conduct a 3-fold visual cleaning and check 3-5% of plants for the presence of a viral infection, as well as all necessary care work.
Cleaning of the 11th generation tubers is made in the second and third decades of June. Next, prepare and disinfect the soil for planting test tubes of the future turnover.
Early planting of tubers of the 1st generation reduces the probability of plant damage by pests and diseases, and the subsequent coating of the greenhouse with a film protects the plants at a later date and accelerates the development of the tops. Early planting and allows you to shift the period of tuber formation by the beginning of summer before the onset of high daily temperatures.
Covering the greenhouse with a film at a later time provides protection to plants obtained from microtubers planted in early spring, and test tubes planted after harvesting tubers of the second year on this area without a repeated change of film coating. The experiment was carried out on a greenhouse area of 450 m 2 . From one turn the yield of standard seed tubers weighing 25-80 g was 50-60 pieces with 1 m 2 . From the second turn, the same number of mini-tubers with 1 m 2 was obtained.
This method is advisable to apply in the southern regions of Russia. It allows you to receive a sufficient amount of a healthy initial seed potato of good quality from a greenhouse area without additional costs for winter greenhouses or for retardants when grown in summer greenhouses.
CLAIM
A method for growing a healthy potato planting material, including cultivating test plant regenerants in summer greenhouses before obtaining tubers and then obtaining seed potatoes from first generation tubers, characterized in that the regenerating plants are planted in a greenhouse at the end of June, and first-generation tubers are planted in a greenhouse Without coating in the first decade of March, and the greenhouse is covered with a film after reaching a shoot height of 15 20 cm.
print version
Date of publication 07.03.2007gg
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