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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2076603

METHOD OF INCREASING YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

METHOD OF INCREASING YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The name of the inventor: Yakhin IA; VA Vakhitov; Isaev RF; Yakhin O.I.
Name of patent holder: Department of Biochemistry and Cytochemistry, Ufa Science Center, RAS
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.03.22

Use: agriculture, in particular biological protection of crops from fungal diseases. Essence: a method is proposed for increasing crop yields, presupposing seed treatment or sprinkling of vegetating plants with a 0.0003% aqueous solution of lyophilizate of winter rye extract with a working fluid consumption of 8-12 liters per 1 ton of seeds or 300 liters per hectare.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the means used to increase the productivity of agricultural plants, as well as to combat fungal diseases of cultivated crops. The recent environmental problems and social problems caused by the widespread use of chemical means for increasing crop yields require new approaches and methods in which the use of pesticides would be reduced to an absolutely necessary minimum (1).

It is known to use the Bacillus theringiensis IPM-215 strain (the "Bacifit" preparation) to suppress the development of fusariosis pathogens of vegetable, melon and technical crops, powdery mildew of cucumbers, and vertical wilt of cotton (2).

However, this drug inhibits the development of fungal pathogens of cereal diseases by only 10-30%

It is also known to use fungicides Baitan (triadimenol 15% + fubaridazole 2.5 + imazalil 2.0%) and TMTD (thiram), as seed protectants (3). However, the use of chemical plant protection products in agriculture has led to increased pollution of the environment and to negative environmental consequences in general. In addition, the preparation "Baytan" has pronounced retardant properties (4). Etching with these drugs is carried out using universal machines PS-10 or "Mobotoks". The calculation of the required amount of disinfectant depends on the crops being treated and is 2000 g per 1 ton of seeds for "Baitan" and 1500 8000 g for 1 ton for "TMTD".

The aim of the invention is to find efficient and environmentally friendly means of increasing crop yields. The goal is achieved by pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of agricultural crops with "Stifun" (working title).

Preseeding treatment of seeds is carried out by universal PS-10 or Mobotoks disinfectant machines. Calculation of the required amount of the preparation and water for filling the tank is performed as follows. For example, for 1 ton of seeds, during preplant treatment, 12 l of a 0.003% working solution of the preparation is necessary. The capacity of the reservoir is PS-10 200 liters. Therefore, to fill this tank, you need 6.0 g of the drug.

Thus, to obtain the required amount of working fluid, it is necessary to prepare the mother liquor by taking 6.0 g of the preparation and dissolving it in 10 liters of water. The storage tank of the disinfectant is half filled with water, the stock solution of the preparation is added and added with water. Then proceed directly to the processing of seeds.

THE PROPOSED PREPARATION IS RECEIVED AS FOLLOWED

The seeds of winter rye are germinated for 3-4 days at a temperature of 20-25 ° C. At the end of this time, the seedlings are filled with 2.5 volumes of distilled water or 70% alcohol, washed thoroughly and filtered through a dense material. The resulting solution of the biopreparation is poured into cuvettes and frozen at a temperature of -20 ° C. The cuvettes are then placed in the chamber of a lyophilic dryer and the frozen biopreparation is dried in a vacuum. The dried preparation is a powder of light gray or dark gray color.

Example 1 . Evaluation of the fungicidal activity of the preparation was carried out on pure cultures of phytopathogenic fungi according to the methodological recommendations for determining the fungicidal activity of new compounds (5). A 2% potato-agar medium was used for the experiments. A 1% solution of the drug was added to a medium cooled to 50 ° C. to a final concentration of 0.003%. The mixture was immediately poured into 10 cm diameter petri dishes and left overnight in a sterile cabinet at room temperature. A suspension of mushrooms was applied to the surface of the frozen nutrient medium by the drop method. Petri dishes coated with test objects (F. oxysporum, F. nivale, H. sativum) were kept in a sterile cabinet for 3-5 days at a temperature of 25 ° C. The linear growth (diameter value) of the fungal colonies was taken into account in the calculation. This indicator compared the growth of colonies in the control (medium without fungicide) and on media with injected drugs. The inhibition of colony growth (T%) was calculated by the formula



Where D k is the diameter of the colonies in the control;

D o diameter of the colonies in the experiment.

The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The results of the experiments are given in Table 1.

The results of laboratory studies of this drug indicate its higher fungicidal activity compared with the standard ("Baytan").

Example 2 . Stimulant activity of the drug was determined by the roll method (GOST 12044-81). For this, 50 100 seeds of the test object were counted and treated with a preparation of 0.003% concentration. The treated seeds were sown between strips of moistened filter paper. Strips of filter paper with seeds were rolled up and placed vertically in containers with water. The germination was carried out at a temperature of 20 ° C in a thermostat for 5-7 days. Repeatability is 3-fold. After the end of the sprouting period, the rolls were unfolded and the sprouts evaluated. The results of the experiments are given in Table. 2.

From the data of Table. 2 it can be seen that the seed germination with "Stifun" increases in comparison with the control the laboratory germination of seeds, the length of the root, the seedling and the weight of one plant of winter rye, spring wheat, oats, peas, buckwheat, rape, cabbage, tomato, black-cherry and Carrots. At the same time, it should be noted that the effectiveness of this drug is superior to the reference preparations "Bacifit", "Baitan" and "TMTD" for these indicators. It follows that the drug "Stifun" shows a stimulating activity.

Example 3 . Field trials using "Stifuna" were carried out by presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops. The treatment of spring wheat seeds was carried out with a PS-10 disinfectant machine by dissolving 0.4 g of "Stifun" in 12 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds. The area of ​​experimental plots is 0.5 ha, the repetition is 3-fold. Evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs against diseases was carried out on a natural background by the sheaf analysis. For the determination of the crop and its structure, trial sheaves from each plot were selected.

Similar tests were carried out on barley and buckwheat. The results are summarized in Table. 3.

As can be seen from Table. 3, with the presowing treatment of seeds with "Stifun", the yield of wheat, barley and buckwheat grains increases from 3.0 to 7.5 c / ha. At the same time, the degree of development of root rot is at the level of the standard (Baitan).

Example 4 . Tests of the preparation "Stifun" in the field on vegetable crops were carried out by presowing treatment of carrot seeds. Presowing treatment of carrot seeds was carried out by soaking the seeds for 6 hours in a working solution prepared from 2.0 g of the preparation "Stifun" in 10 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds. After 6 hours, the excess solution was drained and the seeds were brought to a dry air state in the shade, in a ventilated room. The area of ​​the plots is 100 m 2 , the repetition is 3-fold. The yield of carrots was determined by weighing the excavated root crops from the control and experimental plots.

Similar tests were conducted on cabbage. In the behavior of the test of the preparation "Stifun" onion, soaking onion-sowing was carried out for 24 hours.

The results of the tests are given in Table. 4.

As can be seen from Table. 4, when the seeds of vegetable crops are presowing, an increase in the yield of carrots by 47.4 c / ha, cabbage 82.0 c / ha and onion-bark 34.1 c / ha is observed.

EXAMPLE 5 Tests of "Stifun" against aerogenic infection were carried out by spraying vegetative plants of spring wheat in the tubing phase. Crops of spring wheat cultivar "Simbirka", 10 m 2 in 3 times, sprayers with the help of knapsack sprayer at the rate of 9.0 g per 1 ha, and the reference preparation "Bacifit" 7.5 kg per 1 hectare . The flow rate of the working fluid is 300 l / ha. The results of the experiments are given in Table. 5.

The results of tests on vegetating plants of spring wheat showed (Table 4) that the biopreparation "Stifun" shows a fungicidal activity against the causative agents of brown rust and powdery mildew. According to this indicator, the test preparation is superior to the biofrequency "Bacifit".

Example 6. Production experiments on testing the "Stifun" preparation were carried out on spring wheat sowings. Seed presowing treatment was carried out with a PS-10 disinfectant machine by dissolving 0.4 g of the preparation in 12 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds. Harvest of grain was determined after harvester harvesting. Structural analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the drug against diseases were carried out by a snap analysis.

Similar tests were conducted on barley, pea, winter rye, oats and rapeseed. The results of the tests are shown in Table. 6-11.

The results of production tests testify to the stimulating effect of the "Stifun" preparation on crop plants (see Table 6-11). So, for example, with the presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds, the increase in the grain yield as compared to the control was 4.6 5,2 c / ha; Barley 3.0 q / ha; Peas 3,1 3,6 c / ha; Winter rye 5.3 c / ha; Oats 5.3 c / ha; Rapeseed is 6.8 centners per hectare, while the standard (Baitan, TMTD, Batsifit) in the range of 3.1 4.2 centner / hectare. At the same time, it should be noted that the positive effect of the "Stifun" preparation on the increase in the number of plants and productive stems per unit area contributed to an increase in the grain yield during the processing of seeds of grain crops, a decrease in the grain size, the mass of grain from one ear, the fulfillment of grain, the increase in the length of the plant, Powerful development of plants. Along with this, there is a decrease in the degree of development of root rot by 6.6 18.5%

Presowing treatment of seeds of a number of vegetable crops and markedly increases the yield of these crops in comparison not only with the control, but also with the reference drug TMTD. Thus, the yield of processed carrots exceeded the yield of unprocessed crops by 47.4 c / ha, cabbage heads by 82.0 c / ha and onion-turners by 34.1 c / ha.

The proposed tool in comparison with the basic ones ("Baitan", "TMTD", "Batsifit") has a number of advantages.

1. Biopreparat "Stifun" increases the yield of cereals and vegetable crops by 20.0 40.0%

2. Biopreparation "Stifun" has a wide range of fungicidal action, causing a decrease in the development of agricultural diseases. Cultures.

3. Stimulant stimulating activity on plants of agricultural animals. Cultures is manifested in a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure of these crops.

4. Good solubility in water.

5. "Stifun" is a herbal preparation and non-toxic for fish, bees, warm-blooded and environmentally friendly.

6. Economic efficiency from the use of the drug "Stifun" due to an increase in the grain yield will amount to 25 30 thousand rubles / ha (calculated as of 30.11.1993).

7. The recommended dose of the proposed preparation is 0.4 2.0 g / t, which is 1000 3000 times less than the used doses (2000 6000 g / t) of known drugs.

8. The proposed preparation belongs to the IV class of toxicity and is completely harmless for warm-blooded animals (GOST 12.1.007-76). The average lethal dose for rats is not established, the animals tolerate the introduction of a dose of 10 g / kg into the stomach without signs of intoxication.

CLAIM

A method for increasing the yield of agricultural crops, comprising presowing seed treatment or spraying vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, characterized in that a 0.0003% aqueous solution of the lyophilisate of the winter rye extract is used as the biologically active substance at a flow rate of 8 12 liters per ton of seeds Or 300 liters per 1 ha of vegetative plants.

print version
Date of publication 08.03.2007gg