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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2238633

METHOD plant nutrition GINSENG

METHOD plant nutrition GINSENG

Name of the inventor: Kovalev NG (RU); Hodyrev AA (RU); Stepanok VV (RU); Shpyhov GT (RU); Tyulin VA (RU); Kuznetsova EI (RU); Alekseev DA
The name of the patentee: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of agricultural use of reclaimed lands
Address for correspondence: 170530, Tver, p / o Emmaus, VNIIMZ
Starting date of the patent: 2003.04.21

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing plants Ginseng. The method involves spraying the aerial parts of the plants Ginseng solution of active compound in the irrigation water. Spraying produce twice with an interval of 14 days between flowering and fruit in dry calm weather. As biologically active substances used microfertilizer complex, which includes the following components, based on the 100 m 2 g zinc nitrate 6-water 4,62-8,62, iron sulphate 7-water 4,90-9,10, boric acid 0,80-1,32, potassium bromide 0,70-1,30, potassium iodide 0,50-0,85, tin chloride 2-water 0,35-0,65, sodium dichromate 2 water 0,21- 0.39, rubidium nitrate 0,07-0,16, manganese sulphate 2,87-5,33, mercury nitrate aqueous 2-0.02-0.04, 0.06-0.12 lead nitrate, cadmium nitrate 4 Railway & 0.02-0.04, silver nitrate 0,042-0,078, gallium nitrate 8-water 0,07-0,13, gallium nitrate 0,014-0,026, 0,042-0,078 tellurovokisly sodium, indium nitrate aqueous 4,5-0,042- 0,078, cobalt nitrate 6-aqueous 0,007-0,013, 0,014-0,026 ammonium vanadate, sodium selenate 10 water 0,028-0,052, 0,014-0,026 myshyakovistokisly sodium, copper nitrate 6-water 0,66-1,22, ammonium molybdate 0,098-0,182 , antimony 3-chloride 0,028-0,052, sodium tungstate 2-aqueous 0,014-0,026, cesium nitrate 0,0028-0,0052, bismuth nitrate 5-aqueous 0,014-0,026, water, 4000. Use of the invention provides an increase in weight of ginseng roots, while maintaining their quality.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing plants Ginseng.

It is known that wild ginseng roots reach commercial quality no earlier than 25-30 years, cultural, as a rule, on the fifth or sixth year. On the plantation metabolism in plants is enhanced by agricultural practices, consisting in loosening the soil, protecting it from cover education, weeding and hilling ridges several times per day, watering, fertilizing plants.

The best kind of fertilizer is recognized leaf humus, collected in the forest. Together with wood rot humus entered into ridges before planting at the rate of six kilograms per square meter. The same amount of manure humus, which is charged with the soil once in three years, the roots of the crop increases by half. A yearly application of 60 kg of fertilizer per hectare - one-third (Seregina I. Far East Federal District, then -. All Russian Agriculture, 1990, number 7, p.44).

But the desire to get a large mass of roots and incompetence often dictates the uncontrolled introduction to the ridge for growing ginseng large amounts of manure and chemical fertilizers.

Dung humus creates a redundant medium for ginseng, which ultimately leads to disruption of physiological processes in the tissues and a sharp weakening of the protective functions of plants. Furthermore, dung humus - a favorable environment for the development of various disease (Polyakov My hobby - breeding Master, 1991, № 4, p.40.).

Large doses of mineral fertilizers being laid in the ridge, inefficient, because it reduces the germination by 6-16% (Seregina I. Far East Federal District, then -. All Russian Agriculture, 1990, number 7, p.44).

It is known that high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, pesticides abuse (From the Red Book. - In the field of agro-industrial complex of Russia 1990, № 7, p.42) is used to increase the weight of the ginseng root, which reduces the biologically active substances in the roots, resulting in reduced medicinal properties of roots.

It is known that increasing the weight of the roots needs timely care for plantation based on the biological characteristics of the plant comprising plant fertilizing by spraying the above-ground parts of the plants several times a day depending on weather conditions, water, and at night - the infusion of biologically active substances in irrigation water : garlic, sage, calendula, ash (Polyakov My hobby - breeding Master, 1991, № 4, p.40, a prototype.).

This method of fertilizing plants ginseng is economically inexpedient to its large plantations. The perversity of its use due to limitations and high cost of components for plant nutrition solution.

The problem solved by this invention is to find ways to care for the plants Ginseng, providing the roots of ginseng weight gain while maintaining their quality.

The stated aim is achieved by feeding the ginseng plant, providing spraying of the aerial parts of the plants Ginseng solution of active compound in the irrigation water, and spraying is carried out twice with a 14 days interval during flowering and fruit set in dry calm weather as well as biologically active substances are used complex microfertilizer (CMU), which includes the following components, based on the 100 2, g:

  • Zinc Nitrate 6-Water 4,62-8,62
  • Iron sulphate 7-water 4,90-9,10
  • Boric acid 0,80-1,32
  • Potassium bromide 0,70-1,30
  • Potassium iodide 0,50-0,85
  • Tin chloride 2-water 0,35-0,65
  • Sodium dichromate 2 water 0,21-0,39
  • Rubidium nitrate 0,07-0,16
  • Manganese sulphate 2,87-5,33
  • Mercury 2-nitrate water 0.02-0.04
  • Lead nitrate 0.06-0.12
  • Cadmium nitrate 4-aqueous 0.02-0.04
  • Silver nitrate 0,042-0,078
  • Gallium nitrate aqueous 8 0,07-0,13
  • Thallium nitrate 0,014-0,026
  • Sodium tellurovokisly 0,042-0,078
  • Indium nitrate 4.5 Water 0,042-0,078
  • Cobalt nitrate 6-aqueous 0,007-0,013
  • Ammonium vanadate 0,014-0,026
  • Sodium selenate 10 water 0,028-0,052
  • Sodium myshyakovistokisly 0,014-0,026
  • Copper nitrate 6-water 0,66-1,22
  • Ammonium molybdate 0,098-0,182
  • Antimony 3-chloride 0,028-0,052
  • Sodium tungstate 2-aqueous 0,014-0,026
  • Cesium nitrate 0,0028-0,0052
  • Bismuth nitrate 5-aqueous 0,014-0,026
  • Water 4000

A variety of elements used can increase the weight of the ginseng root growth, while maintaining their quality due to the formation in plants of a wide range of biologically active substances.

An example of a specific implementation

Experience with the cultivation of ginseng laid 10 km from the city of Tver, 40 m from the forest. The area of ​​the plot of 10 sq.m. Over plots established shade shield (the ratio of light and shadow 50/50%), made of strips 4 cm wide with gaps between them 4 cm. The experience laid on natural ground with a bulk layer of artificial soil height of 20 cm from the rotted gardening leaf litter. 300 two-year seedlings were planted. The experimental setup consisted of 5 choices, repeated three times. Three variants of the experiment was carried out top-dressing complex microfertilizers (CMU) in the flowering period (10 July). After 2 weeks of feeding (KMU) held again.

spraying plants with water through a fine irrigation and spraying the plants are three options aqueous CMU also by a fine spray: one control option (without dressing) plant growing ginseng and four variants of foliar feeding ginseng plant were laid in the experiment.

3 embodiment fertilization (CMU) were used to test the effect of the maximum dose, the minimum and optimum rate of 100 g per m 2 (Table 1).

Table 2 shows the biometric indicators ginseng roots after the field season.

It follows from Table 2 that in a dry summer is quite a significant positive effect on the weight, length and diameter of the roots of ginseng had a water irrigation. Thus, the weight of ginseng roots on average increased 2.25 times, the length of the main root of 1.75 times, the root diameter of 1.71 times. However, the largest positive effect have optimal (average) dose microfertilizer complex in aqueous solution. The mass of the roots of the control increased to 5.14 times, relative to the weight of the roots with water for irrigation embodiment - 2.28 times. Main root length increased with the use of CMU (optimal dose) with respect to control plants at 2 times and 1.14 times in respect to plants with irrigation water. The diameter of the primary root to form a Cabinet of Ministers (the optimal dose) increased relative to control plants at 2.86 times and 1.66 times compared with irrigation water plants.

The effectiveness of the growth and development of the roots of ginseng other options CMU - with the introduction of the maximum content of the reagents and the minimum content below the optimal content of 20-30%.

Visually, the treated plants aqueous CMU sheet device was an increase compared to the control, the formation and maturation of the fruit in these plants was faster (about 10 days) with respect to other embodiments of plants, the number and size of the fruits of more.

However, it is important not changed whether the quality indicators of ginseng roots under the influence of foliar feeding of plants with an aqueous solution of the CMU. To clarify this issue was held X-ray fluorescence analysis of the roots of ginseng.

The composition of plant roots of ginseng in the different variants of the experiment is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 shows data for the determination of some of the macro-and micronutrients, are part of the CMU, in the roots of ginseng.

All known elements can be divided into three groups:

- Vital macronutrients - P, S, Cl, K, Ca;

- Vital minerals - Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, J, Mo;

- Heavy metals - V, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Sn, Sb.

Along the way, he defined a number of elements, the physiological role of which is considered immaterial, - Ti, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba.

However, this division is rather arbitrary. Thus, Zn, Cu, Mo, though often used as micronutrients, in a release to the environment in high quantities, such as overdose or regional conditions of non-ferrous metals are toxic. Moreover, at low dosages known for many examples of the positive effects on crop yield As, Se, Cd, Pb, etc.

From Table 3, it develops a well-defined pattern for the essential trace elements. The content of trace elements in the roots of the ginseng plant podkormlennyh CMU somewhat higher than in control plants (S, Sa) or coincides with it (F, Cl). The roots of ginseng in the variant with irrigation, on the other hand, the contents of all the elements of almost 2-fold lower than in controls, and the CMU, which is obviously due to the dilution of concentrations of elements and their leaching under irrigation. In the version with the CMU, but also carried out irrigation, diluting the cells did not occur.

Regarding essential micronutrients, the ginseng roots in their average CMU with embodiment 14% greater than in control samples, i.e. and there is no dilution for their elements. In the embodiment with irrigation in the average content of essential trace elements by 3.5% more than in the roots of the control variant, ie and it does not occur for their dilution.

Studied heavy metals can be divided into bioactive, which were made in the composition of the Cabinet of Ministers, - As, Se, Pb, Cd, Sn, Sb and refractory - V, Cr, Ni, do not have a high biological activity. Despite the fact that the elements of the first group were made in the composition of the CMU in the roots of the ginseng 2% below the average content than the control, which is insignificant. In the embodiment with irrigation water content of these elements is on average lower than in the control at 3%, which is insignificant. In the embodiment with CMU in the roots of ginseng on the 8% increase in the content of V, Cr content decreased by 6%, the Ni content increased, a similar situation is shown on a variant with irrigation water, only an increase in the content of V and Ni more in 1,4-3, 1 times.

Thus, despite a significant increase in weight gain of ginseng roots in experimental variants with irrigation plant ginseng aqueous solution of the CMU, the content of biologically active components is practically not reduced, which may indicate a preservation of the pharmacological properties of ginseng roots - healing, stimulating and tonic qualities.

CLAIM

Method of feeding ginseng plants comprising spraying the aerial parts of the plants Ginseng solution of active compound in the irrigation water, characterized in that the spraying is carried out in flowering and fruit set twice at an interval of 14 days to dry calm weather as well as biologically active substances are used microfertilizer complex comprising the following components per 100 m 2, g:

  • Zinc Nitrate 6-Water 4,62-8,62
  • Iron sulphate 7-water 4,90-9,10
  • Boric acid 0,80-1,32
  • Potassium bromide 0,70-1,30
  • Potassium iodide 0,50-0,85
  • Tin chloride 2-water 0,35-0,65
  • Sodium dichromate 2 water 0,21-0,39
  • Rubidium nitrate 0,07-0,16
  • Manganese sulphate 2,87-5,33
  • Mercury 2-nitrate water 0.02-0.04
  • Lead nitrate 0.06-0.12
  • Cadmium nitrate 4-aqueous 0.02-0.04
  • Silver nitrate 0,042-0,078
  • Gallium nitrate aqueous 8 0,07-0,13
  • Thallium nitrate 0,014-0,026
  • Sodium tellurovokisly 0,042-0,078
  • Indium nitrate 4.5 Water 0,042-0,078
  • Cobalt nitrate 6-aqueous 0,007-0,013
  • Ammonium vanadate 0,014-0,026
  • Sodium selenate 10 water 0,028-0,052
  • Sodium myshyakovistokisly 0,014-0,026
  • Copper nitrate 6-water 0,66-1,22
  • Ammonium molybdate 0,098-0,182
  • Antimony 3-chloride 0,028-0,052
  • Sodium tungstate 2-aqueous 0,014-0,026
  • Cesium nitrate 0,0028-0,0052
  • Bismuth nitrate 5-aqueous 0,014-0,026
  • Water 4000

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Publication date 09.03.2007gg