Start of section
Production, amateur
Radio amateurs
Aircraft model, rocket-model
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth Master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
Inventions 		Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth
Secrets of the Ocean
Tricks
Map of section
Start
Forum
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING THE VIVIDITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2081534

METHOD OF WEIGHING OF ONE-YEAR OXIMUM CEREAL CROPS TO GREEN FEED

METHOD OF WEIGHING OF ONE-YEAR OXIMUM CEREAL CROPS TO GREEN FEED

The name of the inventor: Stepanov Alexander Fedorovich
The name of the patent owner: Stepanov Alexander Fedorovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.11.30

Use: in agriculture to obtain early high-nutritional feed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: before sowing of winter cereals, a perennial culture is sown, grown and harvested. At the same time the fodder long-term culture coincides with winter cereals according to the terms of spring regrowth, the intensity of growth and the onset of the phase of the ripening ripeness. In the second year of growing a perennial culture, both cultures are grown together.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for cultivating crops for obtaining early high-nutritional feed.

A method is known which includes sowing of forage crops in the grass of winter cereals [1]. However, this method is ineffective and does not allow creating a good mixed herbage with the desired ratio of components in it. With such sowing, the seeds of legumes, cruciferous and other sown crops are poorly embedded in the soil and unevenly germinate, and the resulting shoots are depressed and significantly thinned as a result of early growth and rapid growth in winter of winter cereals. The leguminous plants that have survived after sowing do not exert a significant influence on the increase in yield as a forage harvested from the grass. In addition, with this method of sowing, in view of the high soil moisture, the surface of the field is disturbed in the spring and is thinned by the grass of the winter cereals.

A method is known that includes a joint spring sowing of winter cereals with spring-growing winter food crops of other families: vetch, rapeseed, turtles, etc. [2, 3] However, in view of the low winter hardiness of leguminous and cruciferous winter crops, their crops die in the winter-spring period . Therefore, the known method is not acceptable, in regions with harsh climatic conditions.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is the method of cultivation of winter cereals to produce early green forage in its pure form [4] However, its disadvantage is that these crops form a low, unreliable yield over the years, of the forage mass unbalanced in nutritional elements for animals , In particular protein. In addition, the period of harvesting them for green fodder is very limited, the crops of these crops are not distinguished by high otavnostyu.

The claimed invention will allow to obtain nutritionally balanced early green fodders and increase the productivity of fodder hectare without additional expenditures of material and monetary resources.

To achieve this technical result and the method of cultivating annual winter cereals for green fodder including tillage and their autumn sowing, spring sowing of perennial forage crops is carried out before the autumn sowing of winter cereals, and perennial forage crops are selected with a high protein content and Coincide in the second year of life with winter cereals by the terms of spring regrowth, the intensity of growth, the onset of phases of the ripening ripeness, and then jointly grow annual winter cereals with perennial fodder crops and harvest them for green fodder.

The claimed invention differs from the prototype in that, before the autumn sowing of annual winter cereals, spring sowing of perennial forage crops, their cultivation and harvesting is carried out, while perennial forage crops are selected with high protein content and coinciding with winter cereals by the terms of spring regrowth, growth intensity, Phases of ripening ripeness, and then carry out joint cultivation of annual winter cereals with perennial fodder crops and their harvesting for green fodder.

Due to the fact that the sowing of annual winter cereals is carried out in the sowings of perennial forage crops of the first year of life after harvesting, seeds without traditional soil treatments are sown in the moist soil layer to the optimum depth, which ensures a friendly emergence of the shoots. In addition, perennial cultures grown after mowing, in particular legumes, not only do not inhibit winter cereals, but on the contrary, this year and in the second they improve their nitrogen nutrition. Protect winter cereals from unfavorable weather conditions, exclude the possibility of water and wind erosion, spread of weeds, and in winter improve the conditions of winter overwintering by detaining snow on crops grown to the octa of perennial forage crops. When sowing disk seeders, in root crops, perennial crops, there is a partial cutting of root offspring and thus the formation of new shoots that contribute to higher yields and improve the quality of mixed grass. The selection of the same crops according to the periods of simultaneous spring growth, growth intensity, the onset of phases of ripening ripeness and those with a high protein content make it possible in the second year to avoid mutual oppression of plants during vegetation and to preserve a specified ratio of components in the grass stand that has stable and high yield in the first cut and Good otavnostyu after mowing grass.

THE METHOD IS PROVIDED AS FOLLOWS:

On the plowed field under winter, the spring produces early spring moisture closure by harrowing, pre-sowing cultivation and soil compacting. Then, high-protein perennial forage crops are planted, coinciding in the second year of life with winter crops in terms of spring regrowth, the growth rate and the onset of phases of the ripening ripeness. Such plants are used for clover, oriental goat, lucerne, perennial lupine, vaidu dyeing, hybrid root sorrel, bramble, etc. Perennial forage crops are sown in one species by ordinary or as a part of grass mixtures in two or three components in a separate rowwise way, Their simultaneous occurrence of phases of the ripeness ripeness. During the growing season, crops are cultivated according to the technology adopted for them in the zone. Harvesting is transferred to the stage of ripeness of grass (early flowering), but not later than the optimal period of sowing of winter cereals. Then the field is harrowed with the needle harrow BIG-3 and a row of perennial forage crops is sown in annual winter cereals. By autumn, winter cereals are well bred, and perennial forage crops sufficiently grow and retain snow on the field, which contributes to a good winter overwintering of winter crops. In the spring, harrowing of crops is performed, and when the ripeness of the grass stands (winter top earings, perennial forage crops of the early flowering) is attained, they are cleaned for green feed: the main cut at the end of May at the beginning of June, in the aftermath in August.

Example. In order to obtain early green feeds balanced in nutrition in the spring after presowing cultivation and soil compacting, on May 10, a long-term legume crop is sown, depending on the particular goat's eastern, with a 45-cm wide-row method and a norm of 8 kg / ha of virgin seeds to a depth of 1 2 cm. At the same time, two rows of high-protein fodder crops of vaida are dyed in its aisle, which coincides with the goatskin in terms of the time for the onset ripeness of the grass stand. The norm of sowing the fruits of Waida is 15 kg / ha, the depth of the embedding is 2-3 cm. The sowing is carried out by serial grain-grass seeders, which allow the seeds of two crops to be sown simultaneously. The field is seeded after sowing. During the vegetation of plants, if necessary, at the level of the grass stand of perennial forage crops, the weeds are weeded. In the first second decade of August, when perennial fodder crops reach the ripening ripeness (early flowering), but not later than the optimum time for sowing winter rye, they are harvested by the KSK-100 harvester for feed. Then the field is crossed or diagonally sown with a needle-shaped boron BIG-3 and 5 million grains per hectare (140,160 kg / ha) are sown across the rows of perennial forage crops immediately across the rows of perennial fodder crops.

Sow it with serial grain seeders SZP-3,6. Preliminary, the force of the springs on the sowing disc seeders is increased, the seeding depth is 4 6 cm. By the autumn, perennial fodder crops grow to a height of 15-30 cm and in winter they keep snow on the field well. Winter rye in winter leaves in the tillering phase, at a height of 5-8 cm.

In the spring of the following year, in the end of April, harrowing of crops with a needle harrow BIG-3. Cleaning of the green mass is carried out by the combine KSK-100 as the mixed grass stand of the ripened ripeness: winter rye beg. Earing, perennial forage crops early. Flowering. The main slope is chopped off on May 25, 10 June, after the octave on 5 August.

In order to offer a period of use of green forages in early spring, winter winter triticale is used along with winter rye, which forms a grinding mass for 6-10 days after winter rye. In order to increase the yield and to obtain a nutritionally balanced feed from its crops, the winter triticale according to the proposed method is planted in autumn with a mixture consisting of high-protein perennial forage feedstuffs of eastern goat (8 kg / ha) and hybrid feed sorrel (6 kg / ha). The rate of sowing of triticale is 5 million virgin grains per hectare (180,200 kg / ha), the depth of seeding is 4 6 cm. In spring, mowing of triticale grass and perennial forage crops is carried out on June 5, 18, after 10 August 20.

The proposed method can easily be performed by serial agricultural machines in any regions and ensures a high efficiency of sowing annual crops to high-protein perennial fodder crops (table). The use of this method makes it possible, within two years, to obtain three yields of fodder balanced in terms of nutrition for animals. Moreover, perennial fodder crops, having a high otavnostyu in the year of sowing, grow well after mowing and keep the snow on the field in winter, thereby in winter improve the conditions of wintering of winter cereals, and in the spring - supply them with moisture. In the second year, due to high otivnosti, perennial forage crops without additional costs for processing and sowing annual fodder crops, after harvesting winter cereals, make it possible to get a good staple of high-nutrient fodder. Along with this, mixed crops well resist the manifestation of water and wind erosion of the soil, weed vegetation. The use of leguminous crops, in particular goatskin oriental, sweet clover, alfalfa, lupine perennial, etc., makes it possible to improve nitrogen nutrition and the growth of the aboveground mass of winter cereals, to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers for their fertilizing and the danger of their contamination of the environment.

CLAIM

The method of cultivating annual winter cereals for green fodder, including soil cultivation and their autumn planting, characterized by the spring sowing of perennial forage crops, their cultivation and harvesting, before the autumn sowing of winter cereals, while perennial forage crops are selected with a high protein content and Coincide in the second year of life with winter cereals by the terms of spring regrowth, the intensity of growth, the onset of phases of the ripening ripeness, and then jointly grow annual winter cereals with perennial fodder crops and harvest them for green fodder.

print version
Date of publication 06.03.2007гг