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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2120703

The induction heating apparatus fluids in pipes

Name of the inventor: Eremin Vladimir Petrovich (UA); Gennady Eremin (UA); Lappa Oleg Pavlovich (UA)
The name of the patentee: Eremin Vladimir Petrovich (UA); Gennady Eremin (UA); Lappa Oleg Pavlovich (UA)
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1997.08.27

The invention is used in the heating and plumbing systems. The device comprises an induction heater, comprising a cylindrical tank with flux inlet and outlet, the internal and external induction coil, and a circular cylindrical liquid flow distributor, insulating gaskets flux carrying screen. To control the heating of the device includes an AC rectifier and an inverter connected in series with each other and with an induction heater. The inverter and the inverter is connected to the control unit, the temperature comparing unit, which is connected to the temperature sensors, pump and pump control unit. Water Heating occurs heat transfer from the walls of the cylindrical vessel flux, which in turn is heated by eddy currents induced windings in thin layers cold liquid separated flow distributor system. The device enhances its power factor, efficiency, fast and economical water heating.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in water supply and heating systems.

A device for inductively heating the liquid, which is the immersion heater comprising an induction coil, enclosed in a sealed enclosure consisting of inner and outer tubular elements connected at the ends of the flanges, the inner tubular member comprises a set of individual tubes mounted on forming cylinder closely to each other, and each pair of tubes is sealed plate arranged across the length of the tubes tangential to its external surface (aS USSR N 1760653, H 05 B 6/10, 1992 YG).

However, the known device has a high enough efficiency (efficiency) and high metal content. These flaws are due to low frequency AC power induction coil (50 Hz), which requires a large number of turns of copper wire and leading to ohmic losses in the winding. It is known and a device for induction heating a liquid in a pipeline comprising one or more induction coils, covering one or more pipes with a liquid medium. Feed it passes through the channel system in the form of a labyrinth of internal channels with rings or spirals that form electrical short circuits and power supply of the induction windings are heated and heated in contact Wednesday (EPO N 0075811, H 05 B 6/10, F 24 H 1 / 10, 1983 YG).

The known device has enough high efficiency due to large losses due to the increased electrical resistance cumbersome maze design. Rings and spiral within labyrinths prevent movement in the upper part of the warm fluid flow heater. The device is difficult to manufacture, metal content, because it contains a lot of detail within the mazes, and is manufactured using a large amount of copper wire in the windings due to the use of low-frequency power supply current (50 Hz).

The closest in technical essence and attainable result to the claimed device is known for inductively heating a fluid conduit (French application N 2568083, H 05 B 6/10, 1986), which includes at least one induction heater comprising at least one elektroteploizolyatsionnoy induction coil with a gasket that covers the flux carrying capacity of the cylinder, coupled with a conduit for supplying and removing fluid respectively via inlet and outlet and connected in series with the AC regulator in the form of two current switches temperature sensor is mechanically attached to the outlet pipe of the pipeline. Power supply - alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz.

A disadvantage of the known device is not high enough power ratio (0.70 - 0.78), as occurs during its operation in the heat dissipation from the outer space of the induction coil, and incomplete absorption of the electromagnetic energy of the induction heater shell. Reduced power factor reduces the efficiency of the device (0.80 - 0.85). Efficiency and reduce ohmic losses in the induction coil of the known device with a large number of turns of copper wire, which is associated with the use of AC power frequency of 50 Hz. For this reason, known heater is made thick-walled. A large copper consumption and production of steel makes the known device uneconomical. Its weight of about 45 - 50 kg.

Another disadvantage of the known device - is not fast enough and the uneven heating of large volumes of cold liquid, known as the design of the induction heater heats a fluid parietal layers. Subsequently, the heat is transferred from the warmer fluid to the cold layers due to the natural thermal convection. Furthermore, the need for thick-walled containers flux in the known design leads to a decrease in the fluid heating rate.

The known device has insufficient reliability and high performance due to frequent false alarms temperature sensor, and after him - and the heating switch, due to non-stationary nature of the heating layers of liquid provided by the design of the known device.

The invention is based on the task in the apparatus for induction heating of the liquid in the conduit by entering the new node for converting electric current consumption, improvement of the device management system and the induction heater construction provide power factor improving apparatus and uniformity of liquid heating rate decrease metal consumption. This increases the efficiency of the claimed device.

Power and efficiency ratio increased to 0.95 - 0.96. When testing the claimed device determined that warm-up time of 70 liters of water from 20 to 80 o C is 45 - 50 minutes at a power unit 3 - 4 kW. Metal consumption is lowered compared with the prior art by 75 - 80%, the heating rate increased by 10 - 15%. Weight of the claimed device is 7 - 8 kg, and energy savings - 25 - 30%.

The problem is solved in that in a known device for induction heating fluid in a pipe, comprising a series-connected AC regulator induction heater comprising at least one induction coil with elektroteploizolyatsionnoy gasket covering cylindrical flux container having associated with the conduit inlet and outlet The first temperature sensor is mechanically attached to the output line pipe, introduced into an AC regulator serially connected AC rectifier and an inverter, whose output is connected to the electrical input of the induction heater, and the second input - to the output of the inverter control unit, a second temperature sensor is mechanically attached to inlet line pipe outputs of the first and second temperature sensors are connected to a temperature comparing unit inputs, one output of the last is connected to the input of inverter control unit, and the second - to the input of the pump control unit, pump control output connected to the control input of the pump, the pump is mechanically secured the pipeline between the inlet and outlet lines and an induction heater, at least one induction coil encased in a sealed cylindrical housing with elektroteploizolyatsionymi gaskets placed within a cylindrical flux carrying capacity inside the container are fixed, and at least one cylindrical and one circular distributor flow of heated fluid arranged respectively along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the cylindrical flux outside the induction heater to the enclosed magitoprovodny screen, and then - in the insulation, and, said flux carrying capacity of the induction coil inside the housing and the heated liquid flow distributor constructed of ferromagnetic sheet steel.

Another feature of the claimed device is that the induction heater is placed in at least another one internal induction coil, each coil is enclosed in an airtight cylindrical housing, and the windings are fixed in the flux tank concentrically one inside the other with a gap therebetween.

Another distinction claimed device is that the induction heater is placed in at least another one internal induction coil, each coil is enclosed in an airtight casing and a cylindrical coil mounted in the flux tank above each other with a gap therebetween.

Between the set of essential features of the invention and achievable technical result there is a causal relationship.

The power factor of the claimed device is enhanced by the almost complete conversion of electromagnetic energy. This effect is achieved by introducing a device as claimed AC regulator serially connected AC rectifier, an inverter and an inverter control unit. With the help of a rectifier network alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz is converted to DC, which is converted by an inverter into a high-frequency 10 - 20 kHz. The induction coil, which is fed to a high-frequency current is made with a considerably smaller number of turns than current supply to the industrial frequency of 50 Hz (prototype). This significantly reduces the ohmic losses, results in a saving of copper and electricity.

With the inverter control unit automatically adjusts the amount of current supplied to the induction coil, ensures high reliability of the entire device, as It prevents overheating of the liquid. The use of high-frequency current allows you to replace all the thick-walled thin-walled metal parts, which accelerates the heating of the liquid metal and significantly reduces consumption (by 75 - 80%) (Kuvaldin AB Induction ferromagnetic stali.- M .: Energoatomisdat, 1988, p 27). .

Reliability, faster and more uniform heating of large volumes of fluid contributes to the introduction of the claimed device a second temperature sensor mounted on the front line of the pipeline and connected with the first temperature sensor attached to the output line, to the inputs of the temperature comparison unit. Said node has outputs to the inverter control units and the pump, which is installed between the inlet and outlet lines of the pipeline. The prototype device contains only the first sensor, which controls the initial heating of the liquid phase and prevents an increase in the rate of heating the entire volume of liquid in the main line. In the known device there are frequent on-off heat as the temperature equalization process different layers of liquid natural thermal convection in the beginning of the output line is transient in nature. This leads to false positives of the first temperature sensor and switches and poor performance of the device. Therefore, for the initial acceleration of warm fluid layers by forced thermal convection when the heat in the claimed device between the inlet and outlet lines of the pipeline pump is installed. After leveling the temperature gradients in the pipeline and achieve the necessary temperature characteristics pump is switched off automatically by the pump control unit. Through the establishment of the pump between the inlet and outlet conduit arteries after his trip possible unhindered movement of fluid through the line followed by natural thermal convection. Further maintenance of a given temperature hot water in the inlet line of the pipeline is carried out a second temperature sensor. Thanks to the work of the two temperature sensors and temperature comparison unit increases the reliability of the claimed device and liquid heating rate. And by connecting to the pump control system increases the rate of heating unit, it is possible rapid and uniform heating of large volumes of fluid, increases the reliability of the device claimed by eliminating fluid overheating and false alarms of temperature sensors.

In one particular embodiment, the use of the known device can be applied to the pump is inserted in the reservoir with fluid heating system. However, the known device does not include a pump design (see. FIG. 2 in the specification of French Application N 2,568,083) and the above-mentioned special case of application of the known device it performs a function other than functions of the pump in the inventive design.

The new design of the induction heater increases the power factor and efficiency of the device by eliminating the electrical losses (through the use of the flux of the screen). The heating rate increases due to the intensification of heat transfer using cylindrical and circular metal valves flow of heated fluid, which divide the stream of cold liquid into narrow layers, considerably heats up quickly, than one broad stream. This effect increases with the introduction of an external induction heater except the induction coil and another internal. In the known induction heater, heat is transferred from the induction coil to the flux of the cylindrical container and from it to the cold fluid, which is heated and transfers the heat to the colder layers. In the claimed heater, heat is transferred, for example, in the following way: the outer induction coil, the flux cylindrical container, the liquid, a cylindrical flow distributor, the liquid distributor circular flow, the liquid inside the housing of the induction coil, etc. Faster and more stable to heat and contributes to the material of the heater metal parts: ferromagnetic thin sheet steel, which heats up quickly and easily transfers heat to the fluid. The increase in energy-saving effect of the operation of the known device helps available elektroteploizolyatsionnye gasket and the insulation.

The induction heating apparatus fluids in pipes. Russian Federation Patent RU2120703 The induction heating apparatus fluids in pipes. Russian Federation Patent RU2120703
The induction heating apparatus fluids in pipes. Russian Federation Patent RU2120703

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for induction heating of the liquid in the pipeline. FIG. 2 and 3 are respectively transverse and longitudinal sections of the induction heater.

Apparatus for induction heating of the liquid in the conduit (. Figure 1) comprises a series-connected rectifier 1 and the inverter AC 2, the output of which is connected to the induction heater 3, and the second input - to the output of the inverter control unit 4. Furthermore, the device comprises a first sensor 5 and the second sensor 6 is mechanically secured respectively to the output 7 and 8 input highways pipeline. Both temperature sensor electrically connected by their outputs to two inputs of the temperature comparing unit 9 which is connected by one output with the input of the inverter control unit 4, and the second - input of the unit 10 with the pump control. The output of 10 is connected to the control input of the pump 11 is mechanically fixed between the inlet 8 and the outlet pipe 7 highways.

The induction heater 3 consists of a cylindrical container flux 12 at opposite ends of which are available for communication with the main conduit tubes: the container bottom - an inlet 13 at the top - the outlet 14. As the outer surface 12 of the cylindrical flux elektroteploizolyatsionnaya gasket 15 is laid and then secured external the induction coil 16, which is outside the protected flux carrying screen 17 and insulating jacket 18. Inside the container 12, the induction heater 3 arranged cylinder 19 and circular 20 distributors stream of heated fluid. Inside the heater 3 in its cylindrical flux tank 12 is fixed inside the induction coil 21, encased in a sealed toroidal cylindrical body 22 paved inside and outside its elektroteploizolyatsionnymi spacers 15. If the device has two (or more) internal inductive coil 21, each enclosed in a housing 22 with spacers 15, they are mechanically fixed within the cylindrical vessel 12 flux concentrically one inside the other with a gap therebetween, or one above the other and with a gap (not shown).

ALLEGED device operates as follows

The claimed device for inductively heating the liquid in the conduit according to the application installed in the heating or hot water system. The device is connected to the mains of 220 V / 380 V. Current is supplied to the rectifier 1 which converts it to DC. Direct current is supplied to the rectifier 1 output to the inverter input 2, and converted it into a high-frequency alternating current (10 - 20 kHz). The output of the inverter 2 a high frequency current is supplied to the fluid induction heater 3, namely, the outer 16 and inner induction coil 21, eddy currents are rapidly heated flux cylindrical metal container 12 and the housing 21. The windings 22 are heated from a cold liquid parietal layers and thin layers of liquid in the gaps between the flow valves 19 or 20.

Flux shield 17, the system elektroteploizolyatsionnyh pads 15 and 18 in addition to the insulation of the insulating and energy-saving functions are performed by the function.

For the initial acceleration of fluid (forced convection) and prevent it from boiling, the pump 11, the control unit 10 depending on the signal supplied from node 9 comparing the temperature after the analysis therein signals received from the temperature sensors of the first five (on output 7 line pipe) and the second 6 (8 on the front line). After aligning the liquid temperature in the lines 7 and 9, the pump 11 is disabled by block 10. Subsequently, the pump 11 can be activated when higher heat setting mode. Simultaneously, the temperature comparing unit 9 generates a control voltage proportional to the temperature of liquid inside the inlet 13. The signal from the output node 9 to the input of an inverter control unit 4.

The signal from the output unit 4 is transmitted to the second inverter 2 care that accepts the amount of current supply 16 and windings 21 of the induction heater 3, the new temperature conditions. This achieves stabilization of the temperature in the pipeline. The heated fluid stream flows through the pipe 14 to the consumer. Upon reaching a predetermined circuit in the fluid temperature of the pipeline network power consumption by the device automatically reduces the current to a level necessary to maintain the balance of temperature, given by the unit 4 in the automatic mode.

Depending on the heat power consumed by one or more induction coils 16 and 21, respectively, and one or more flow valves 19 and 20. The inventive device provides automatic temperature control limit from 5 to 95 o C may be included in the claimed device. For hot water the proposed device provides rapid heating of the flow of water with less energy consumption in continuous-flow version, or using a heat exchanger.

The device is made on the basis of the following components:

  • rectifier 1 is discrete diode type D-132-40-8;
  • Inverter 2 - TB type thyristors;
  • temperature sensors 5, 6 - Thermistor type KMT;
  • 4 inverter control unit, the temperature comparing unit 9, block 10 pump control - on integrated circuits of type K 140 LE-10-type transistors CT 315, CT 815, CT 817, CT 117.

The company's device used the Grundfos pump 11 (Germany) brand UPS 25 - 40 (or 25 - 60). Flux cylindrical vessel 12 with nozzles 13, 14, the inner housing 22 of the induction coil 21, the fluid flow valves 19, 20 are made from sheet nickel-free stainless steel ferromagnetic "DI" (Plant "DSS").

Flux shield 17 is made based on a porous substrate (e.g., fiberglass) that is impregnated with a ferrite paste mark "HM 2000".

Induction coils 16, 21 are made with copper wire 3 - 4 mm 2, coated with insulation type and PNSDKT PNSDK impregnated Temperature Coating.

The device pads 15 applied elektroteploizolyatsionnye type "Mekanit M-3".

Developed device according to the degree of protection indoors corresponds to GOST 14254-80, and according to the method of protection against electric shock - Class 0.1 according to GOST 12.2.007.0-75.

CLAIM

  1. Apparatus for induction heating of a liquid in a pipeline comprising a serially connected AC regulator induction heater comprising at least one induction coil with elektroteploizolyatsionnoy gasket covering cylindrical flux container having associated with the conduit inlet and outlet, the first sensor is mechanically attached to the input pipe line, characterized in that it entered as the AC regulator serially connected rectifier AC inverter, whose output is connected to an electrical input of the induction heater, and the second input - to the output of the inverter control unit, a second temperature sensor is mechanically attached to the input line pipeline outputs of the first and second temperature sensors are connected to a temperature comparing unit inputs, one output of the last is connected to the input of inverter control unit, and the second - to the input of the pump control unit, an output pump control unit connected to the control input of the pump, the pump is mechanically secured to the pipe between the inlet and outlet lines and an induction heater, at least one induction coil encased in a sealed cylindrical housing with elektroteploizolyatsionnymi gaskets placed within a cylindrical flux carrying capacity inside the container are fixed, and at least one cylindrical and one circular distributors stream of heated fluid, located respectively along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the cylindrical flux outside the induction heater is enclosed in the flux carrying the screen, and then - in the insulation, said flux carrying capacity of the induction coil inside the housing and the heated liquid flow distributor constructed of ferromagnetic sheet steel.

  2. Apparatus according to claim. 1, characterized in that the induction heater is placed in at least another one internal induction coil, each coil is enclosed in an airtight cylindrical housing and windings are fixed in the flux tank concentrically one inside the other with a gap therebetween.

  3. Apparatus according to claim. 1, characterized in that the induction heater is placed in at least another one internal induction coil, each coil is enclosed in an airtight casing and a cylindrical coil mounted in the flux tank above each other with a gap therebetween.

print version
Publication date 30.11.2006gg