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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2222752
INSTALLATION OF HEATING WATER FOR HEATING AND / OR HOT WATER, cooled condensate UNIT, HEAT "liquid-liquid" INSTALLATION
Name of the inventor: Evseev AG .; Evseev GA .; Kozov VN .; Konoha AP
The name of the patentee: Evseev Gennadiy
Address for correspondence: 127562, Moscow, ul. Sannikov, 1 kv.87, GA Evseev
Starting date of the patent: 2001.12.24
Field of the Invention - combined heat and power. Installation connected to a thermal load circuit comprises a heat generator, it communicates with the gas duct formed in the flue gas heat exchangers system - a liquid comprising at least initial and final heat exchanger, condensate collector, heat exchanger fluid - fluid installation. By heating the liquid medium outlet of the heat exchanger - the installation fluid communicated to the inlet end of the heat exchanger on the heat exchanger a heated input fluid medium - liquid installation communicates with an external source of water flow, and the output - to the input of the hot water supply heat exchanger. Yield primary heat exchanger inlet communicated with the heat load and heat load output end communicates with a heat exchanger through the flow divider. Setting is made with its end loop circulating cooling heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising a liquid - liquid and a pump installation, and the output end communicates with a heat exchanger for the heating medium entering the heat exchanger liquid - liquid installation. The contour of the final circulating cooling heat exchanger in communication with the heat load circuit, for which the output of the heat load through the control valve communicates with one splitter output to the input end of the heat exchanger, and the other - with the release of the final heat exchanger. Cooled condensate trap installation is formed by at least two rows of cooled V-shaped profile, whose projections onto the horizontal plane overlap the entire cross section of the duct. The side walls are made cooled condensate. Two of these plates are formed with channels for circulating fluid flow and the other two - the input and output plates and collectors V-shaped channel profiles. By sidewalls is a frame in which grooves are made with holes for draining condensate. Exchanger fluid - fluid comprises installing a stack of plates with channels for the flow of the heating and heated fluids comprising separating plates and extreme force plate. The plate pack comprises the intermediate plates, such as rubber, which has through holes that form parallel channels. The dividing plates formed by two groups of holes in the intermediate plates and one group of apertures, wherein in the dividing plates of one group of apertures aligned with a group of holes in the intermediate plates and the other - with parallel channels. Parallel channels for the flow of the heated / heating medium consistently communicated, for which the outputs of parallel channels heated / heating medium through the openings in the separation group sequentially, and the intermediate partition plate communicated with inputs in subsequent parallel channels heated / heating medium. The force plate is made by two groups of holes reported to the outputs / inputs supply / discharge of the heated / heating medium reservoirs, one group of holes directly, and the other - through a group of holes successively in the intermediate and separating plates communicated to the inputs / outputs in parallel channels heated / the heating medium. Collectors supply / discharge heated and the heating medium are made on both sides of the plate package. The invention provides a high reliability of the plant and a high thermal efficiency.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a power system and can be used in water heating units for heating and / or hot water supply of buildings and constructions in a decentralized manner.
Known apparatus for water heating and / or hot water (see. RF Patent 2127853, cl. F 24 D 3/08, 17/00, 1999) containing the gas generator with heat cooling circuit communication with a flue gas heat generator, wherein successively in the course of the heated gas installed first heat exchange system, cooled condensate trap and the second heat exchange system. Each heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger the gas - liquid from the plate package installed along the flow of hot gas with a certain pitch and provided with flow channels for the circulating fluid. Out of the first heat exchanger system and the second input of the heat exchange system in their upper parts along the hot gas used for connecting the heat load.
In said scheme uses countercurrent installation - cocurrent, allowing to increase the efficiency of installation and operation realize condensing water vapor from the flue gas at a relatively low temperature of the circulating fluid at the outlet of thermal loads (less than 40 o C). However, for large heat loads in the winter season of the plant, when the temperature of the circulating fluid at the outlet is equal to the thermal load, for example, 70 o C, it is impossible to realize operation with condensation of water vapor from the flue gases and, consequently, to obtain a high degree of efficiency.
Known installation of water heating for heating and / or hot water (see. Russian patent 2018771, cl. The F 24 D 3/08 et al., 1994), taken as a prototype. The installation comprises a heat generator, reported him flue formed in the duct heat exchanger system, including, for example, the initial, middle and final heat exchanger and condensate trap, the basic water-water heat exchanger, reported on the heating medium with a loop circulation cooling heat exchangers, the additional water-water heat exchanger . At the same time the input of additional water-water heat exchanger for the heating medium in communication with an external source of water flow, and the output - to the input of the basic water-water heat exchanger, the output of the main water-water heat exchanger for the heating medium in communication with the consumer hot water. Out of additional water-water heat exchanger for the heating medium communicates with the input end of the heat exchanger. Furthermore separator unit is provided with an adjustable flow of fluid circulating in the loop heat load. This splitter input communicates with the output of the thermal load, one splitter output is communicated to the input of additional water-water heat exchanger for the heating medium, the second output of the average reported to the entrance of the heat exchanger.
The disadvantage of said installation of hot water for heating and / or hot water is that, as in the discussed above setting, in the proposed scheme by using controlled circulating liquid flow of the separator in the loop heat load can not significantly increase the degree of efficiency over the full operating temperature range of circulating fluid on the heat load output.
Water heating efficiency for heating installation steps and / or hot water depends on the temperature of the circulating fluid at the inlet to the final installation of the heat exchanger and this increases with decreasing temperature. Said experimentally measured efficiency of the installation, measured from the lower calorific value of fuel (natural gas in accordance with GOST 5542-87), at a temperature of 50-70 o C circulating fluid at the inlet to the final installation of the heat exchanger, where no condensation of water vapor from the flue gas at the end plates exchanger is 0,95-0,96. At a temperature of 40 o C, which corresponds to the onset of condensation of water vapor from the flue gas, the installation efficiency is 1.02. At a temperature of 20 o C, which corresponds to the development of condensation of water vapor from the flue gas, the efficiency of the installation is 1.06. Note that the highest attainable efficiency on net calorific value of the fuel, ie. E., Excluding the heat of condensation of water vapor from the flue gas, natural gas in accordance with GOST 5542-87 is 1.11.
In this installation of hot water for heating and / or hot water using controlled circulating liquid flow divider in the loop heat load and additional water-water heat exchanger is possible to reduce the temperature of the circulating fluid at the inlet to the final installation of the heat exchanger at 10-15 o C, ie, . increased efficiency can be obtained at the outlet of the circulating fluid heat load at about 50 o C, which is not realized in all operating conditions, especially at high loads in the heating system, for example in winter.
The basis of the invention is to develop a water heating installation for heating and / or hot water with elements that will ensure a high thermal efficiency for all modes of plant operation, including at high loads in the winter operation of the unit when the temperature of the circulating fluid outlet the thermal load is, for example, 70 o C.
This goal is achieved by the installation of hot water for heating and / or hot water, connected to the contour of the heat load of the heating and / or hot water, contains the heat generator, reported him flue formed in the duct plate heat exchanger system of gas - liquid, comprising at least initial and final heat exchanger, condensate collector, heat exchanger fluid - fluid installation, by which a heating medium outlet communicates with the inlet end of the heat exchanger. By heating medium entrance of the heat exchanger fluid - fluid communication with the installation of an external source of water flow, and the output - to the input of the heat exchanger liquid - liquid system thermal load of hot water supply circuit. Yield primary heat exchanger inlet communicated with the heat load and heat load output end communicates with a heat exchanger through the flow divider. Setting is made with its end loop circulating cooling heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising a liquid - liquid and a pump installation, and the output end communicates with a heat exchanger for the heating medium entering the heat exchanger liquid - liquid installation. The contour of the final circulating cooling heat exchanger in communication with the heat load circuit, for which the output of the heat load through the control valve communicates with one splitter output to the input end of the heat exchanger, and the other - with the release of the final heat exchanger.
In the heat exchanger installation of the final output can be communicated with the second outlet of the separator through a flow control valve.
In the heat exchanger installation of the final output can be communicated to the input of the heat exchanger for heating fluid medium - liquid through the installation of non-return valve.
The proposed technical solution the installation of heating water for heating and / or hot water with its loop circulating cooling the final heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanger fluid - the installation and pump liquid, while maintaining its connection to the thermal load circuit in the form of heating and / or hot water, allows It operates in two modes:
1. The heating system operates in nominal mode or forced hot water. In this case, the final contour of the circulating cooling heat exchanger works in offline mode, ie, it is not associated with the release of thermal stress. At the same time the thermal load output shall be disclosed only with the release of the final heat exchanger and further cooled with installation elements according to trim installation. Calculations show that in this case, even at the highest temperature at the outlet of heat load (about 70 o C) in the loop circulating cooling the final heat exchanger by cooling in a heat exchanger fluid - the installation liquid is realized the inlet temperature of the final heat exchanger below the dew point temperature (up to 20 o C). Thus realized is water vapor condensing mode of flue gases to the end of the heat exchanger plates and as a consequence, - a high degree of efficiency as a whole.
2. The heating system operates with no or low load of hot water supply, for example at night. In this case, to avoid overheating of the final heat exchanger to provide heat removal from it, the contour of the circulating cooling the final heat exchanger is connected to the output of the thermal load, then there are two possible circuits connect the output of the thermal load to the contour of the circulating cooling the final heat exchanger, namely with one or two controlled valves. In the circulation circuit heat exchanger cooling the final part of the flow is fed, or the entire flow of fluid circulating in the loop heat load. In this mode, the installation efficiency is realized, which is characteristic for operation without condensation of water vapor from the flue gases, for example 0.95.
Known cooled kondesatosbornik installation for hot water heating and / or hot water (see. Russian patent 2127853, cl. The F 24 D 3/08, 17/00, 1999), taken as a prototype of the cooled condensate water heating installation for heating and / or hot water supply. The installation comprises a cooled condensate trap, made in the form of V-shaped profiles facing vertices towards the flow of heated gas, with drainage gutters mounted transversely profiles underneath at the ends thereof, with V-shaped sections arranged parallel to each other in at least two levels so a way that the projection of the V-shaped profiles on the horizontal plane completely cover the cross-section of the flue pipe, V-shaped profiles are provided with channels for circulating liquid cooling heat exchanger duct installation, the inputs and outputs of channels combined inlet and outlet manifolds condensate.
A disadvantage of said cooled condensate water heating installation for heating and / or hot water is that its wall is not cooled. This leads to overheating of the walls of the condensate and the additional heat losses. This reduces the overall efficiency of the installation.
The basis of the invention is to develop the cooled condensate trap installation of hot water for heating and / or hot water with the cooled walls, thereby eliminating the above drawbacks.
This object is achieved in that in a cooled kondesatosbornike install heat water for heating and / or hot water, made in the form of V-shaped profiles facing vertices towards the flow of heated gas, with drainage gutters mounted transversely profiles underneath at the ends thereof, wherein V -shaped profiles are arranged parallel to each other in at least two levels so that the projections of V-shaped profiles on the horizontal plane completely cover the flue section, V-shaped profiles provided with flow channels for circulating cooling fluid heat exchanger installation. Inputs and outputs combined channel inlet and outlet manifolds. The two side walls are formed condensate plates with channels for circulating fluid flow and the other two side walls are formed by the inlet and outlet manifolds and channel plates V-shaped profiles. By sidewalls is a frame in which at the side walls formed by plates with holes grooves for draining condensate.
The proposed technical solution cooled condensate run with cooled walls eliminates the above drawbacks and allows to place it in a high temperature zone of the water heating installation for heating and / or hot water.
Known collapsible plate heat exchangers liquid - Alfa Laval company liquid (Sweden), taken as a prototype of the heat exchanger fluid - water heating installation for heating fluid and / or hot water. Gasketed plate heat exchangers Alfa Laval firms include package inserts with channels for the flow of the heated and heating fluids, including separating plates, extreme power supply plate and collectors / discharge heated and heating fluids. The corrugated surface of the partition plates provide rigidity of the heat exchanger. Each separator plate is provided with a lining of heat-resistant rubber, sealing compound and directs the fluids into the corresponding channels.
The disadvantage of these liquid gasketed plate heat exchangers - Alfa Laval company liquid (Sweden) is that the manufacture of the heat exchanger and the complex shape of rubber gaskets separator plates need to use expensive equipment. In this case the claimed parameters of heat exchangers (pressure up to 2.5 MPa and water temperature up to 150 o C) in relation to the heat exchanger fluid - water heating installation for heating fluid and / or hot water are greatly exaggerated, their software leads to a rise in the cost of the heat exchanger.
The basis of the invention is to develop a heat exchanger fluid - water heating installation for heating fluid and / or hot water supply, which would ensure high thermal characteristics of the heat exchanger with relatively simple technology of its manufacture.
This object is achieved in that the heat exchanger fluid - water heating installation fluid for heating and / or hot water containing package inserts with channels for the flow of heated and heating fluids comprising separating plates, the extreme strength of the plate and inlet collectors / retraction heated and heating fluids , the intermediate plate comprises a plate package, for instance of rubber, which has through holes that form the parallel ducts for the heated / heating medium duct. The dividing plates formed by two groups of holes, and in the intermediate plates - one group of orifices. In the dividing plates of one group of apertures aligned with a group of holes in the intermediate plates and the other - with parallel channels. Parallel channels for the heated / heating medium flow consistently communicated. What outputs of parallel channels heated / heating medium through the holes in the separating group sequentially, and dividing the intermediate plates communicated to the inputs of a subsequent parallel channels heated / heating medium. The force plate is made by two groups of holes reported to the outputs / inputs supply / discharge of the heated / heating medium reservoirs, one group of holes directly and the other through a group of holes successively in the intermediate and separating plates communicated to the inputs / outputs in parallel channels heated / heating environment. Collectors supply / discharge heated and the heating medium are made on both sides of the plate package.
In the heat exchanger fluid - fluid supply collector installation / removal of the heated / heating medium may be performed in power plates.
In the heat exchanger liquid - liquid supply installation / removal of the heated / heating medium reservoirs can be made out of the plate package.
The proposed solution of the heat exchanger liquid - liquid allows for parallel-serial and heated for a heating medium in the heat exchanger channels, thereby reducing the area of individual plates and, consequently, the dimensions of the heat exchanger. Moreover, in the case of this parallel-serial flow as opposed to only parallel, which is implemented, for example, in heat exchangers, liquid - Alfa Laval liquid, with the same total heat transfer area of the heat exchanger will increase the fluid flow rate in the channels, a turbulent flow regime is realized heated and a heating medium and, consequently, improve the heat exchange conditions between heating and heated mediums, ie increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole. The efficiency of the heat exchanger and is provided through the use of counter-current scheme. What collectors supply / discharge heated and the heating medium are made on both sides of the plate package.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram of the installation of heating water for heating and / or hot water; 2, 3 - embodiments of the installation; FIG. 4, 5 is a schematic diagram of cooled condensate water heating installation for heating and / or hot water; 6 is a diagram of a heat exchanger liquid - liquid water heating installation for heating and / or hot water, and 7, 8 - embodiments of the input / output of the heat exchanger manifolds liquid - liquid.
Installation heating water for heating and / or hot water (. Figure 1) connected to the contour of the thermal load of the heating and / or hot water, comprising heat generator 1, communication with them gas duct 2 formed in the duct plate heat exchanger system gas - liquid comprising at least initial and final three heat exchangers 4, 5, the siphon heat exchanger liquid - liquid 6 installation. The initial movement of liquid heat exchanger arranged for co-current scheme, and in the final heat exchanger of the counter circuit. In the heating medium heat exchanger fluid outlet 7 - Fitting liquid 6 communicated with the input end of the heat exchanger 8 4. In the heated environment of the entrance of the heat exchanger 9, the liquid - liquid 6 installation in communication with an external source of water flow, and the yield of 10 - with the input of the heat exchanger fluid - hot water system liquid (GW). Yield 11 primary heat exchanger 3 communicates with the input heat load. Yield thermal load communicates with a heat exchanger 4 through the end 12, the flow divider.
The setting is complete with its own cooling circuit circulation of the final heat exchanger 4, the heat exchanger comprising a fluid - fluid 6 installed and the pump 13. The yield of the final heat exchanger 14 communicates with the inlet 15 of the heating medium heat exchanger liquid - liquid 6 installation. The contour of the final circulating cooling heat exchanger in communication with the heat load circuit. Why output heat load through the control valve 16 communicates the first separator 17 exit stream 12 from the end of the heat exchanger inlet 8 4, and the second output of 18 - 14 with the release of the final heat exchanger.
In setting the output end 14 of the heat exchanger 4 can be communicated to a second output 18 of the separator 12 flow through the control valve 19 (Figure 2).
When using a circulating cooling circuit of the heat exchanger of the final off-line control valve 16 is closed, and when using an additional control valve 19 is open. In this case, the liquid from the circuit thermal load misses in the cooling circuit of the final heat exchanger 4 and fed to the output 14 of the final heat exchanger and then to a cooling element system according piping installation, for example, the input medium of the heat exchanger 20, then to the input of the cooled condensate 5, further input heat generator 1, the cooling system further to the input of an initial heat exchanger 3. strapping installation scheme may vary depending on the number of heat exchangers used in such condensate (cooled or uncooled) and cooled condensate placement between the heat exchangers.
When connecting the circulation loop cooling circuit of the final heat exchanger to heat stress respectively controlled valve 16 is opened, and when using an additional control valve 19 is closed. In operation, one circuit with a controllable valve 16 (valve open) one of the liquid flow from the heat load circuit 8 is sent to the input end of heat exchanger 4, and the other - to the output end 14 of the heat exchanger 4 and cooled further to elements installations according piping installation. Distribution of costs at the same time is set according to the calculated or experimental parameters splitter 12, for example by selecting the resistance at its outputs. In the scheme with two controllable valves 16 and 19 (the valve 16 is opened, valve 19 is closed), the entire liquid flow path from the thermal load applied to the input 8 of the final heat exchanger.
In the apparatus 14 the output end of the heat exchanger 4 may be communicated to the inlet 15 to the heat exchanger of the heating fluid medium - liquid installation 6 via a check valve 21 (Figure 3).
When connecting the circulation loop heat exchanger to the cooling circuit of the final heat setting load check valve 21 in the cooling circuit guarantees the final heat exchanger for a fluid circuit of the heat load heat exchanger 4 through the end even when the pump 13 is not working.
Cooled kondesatosbornik (4, 5) water heating installation for heating and / or hot water is designed as a V-shaped profiles 22 facing upstream vertices gas- heated Drain troughs 23 are transverse profiles beneath them at their ends. V-shaped profiles 22 are arranged parallel to each other in at least two levels so that the projections of V-shaped profiles on the horizontal plane completely cover the flue section. V-shaped profiles provided with channels 24 for flow of cooling fluid circulating installation of heat exchangers. Inputs and outputs of channels 24, 25 are combined inlet and outlet manifolds 26. Two condensate side wall plates 27 are formed with channels 28 for a circulating liquid flow, and the other two sidewalls 25 are formed by inlet and outlet manifolds 26 and 27 plates 24 channels V-shaped profiles. Under the frame side walls 29 is located, which under the sidewalls formed by the plates 27, grooves 30 with holes 31 for drainage of condensate.
Exchanger fluid - the fluid (6) water heating installation for heating and / or hot water comprises a stack of plates 32 (in the figure the plate pack are separated and main portions of the package) with flow channels 33 for the heating and heated fluids comprising separating plates 34, extreme power collector plates 35 and 36 (7, 8) for supplying / removing heating and heated fluids. The package of plates 37 comprises the intermediate plates, such as rubber, which has through holes that form the parallel ducts 33 for the heated / heating medium duct. Performing intermediate plates of rubber allows to not introduce additional seals. The dividing plates 34 are two holes groups 38 (such as the heated medium) and 39 (for example, for the heating medium) and in the intermediate plates according to one group of orifices 38 or 39, wherein in the dividing plates 34, one group of apertures aligned with group of holes in the intermediate plates 37, and the other - with parallel channels 33. Side channels 33 for the flow of the heated / heating medium consistently reported, for which outputs from the parallel channels heated / heating medium through a group of holes, such as 38/39, 34 dividing successively intermediate 37 and 34 of the separation plates are reported to the inputs of the next 33 parallel channels heated / heating medium. 6 shows the direction of movement of the heating and heated fluids in the holes of the plates and parallel channels. The power plates 35 are made by two groups of holes 38 and 39 communicated with the outputs / inputs of the collectors 36 approach / retract heated / heating medium. One group of holes 38 and 39 directly and the other through a group of holes 38 and 39, respectively, sequentially in the intermediate 37 and the separating plates 34 are reported to the inputs / outputs in parallel channels 33 heated / heating medium. Collectors 36 approach / retract of the heated heating medium and executed on different sides of the plates 32 of the package.
In the heat exchanger manifolds 36 approach / retract heated / heating medium may be performed in power plates 35 (Figure 7).
In the heat exchanger manifolds 36 approach / retract heated / heating medium may be made out of the plate package 32 (Figure 8).
CLAIM
1. Installation for heating heating water and / or hot water connected to the heat load circuit from the heating system and / or hot water and comprising a heat generator, it communicates with the gas duct formed in the plate heat exchanger duct system "gas-liquid" comprising at at least initial and final heat exchangers, the siphon heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" installations, the output of which for the heating medium communicates with the inlet end of the heat exchanger for heating medium entrance of the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" installation in communication with a source of external water flow, and output - with entering the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" hot water system, primary heat exchanger outlet communicates with an input heat load and heat load outlet in communication with the end-exchanger through the flow divider, characterized in that it is provided with its loop circulating cooling the final heat exchanger comprising heat exchanger "liquid -liquid "installation and the pump, wherein the output end communicates with a heat exchanger for the heating medium entering the heat exchanger" liquid-liquid "installation, final cooling circulation circuit communicates with a heat exchanger load circuit, which output heat load by a controlled outlet valve communicates flow divider to the inlet end of the heat exchanger, and the other - with the output end of the heat exchanger.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet end of the heat exchanger communicates with the second outlet of the separator through a flow control valve.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output end communicates with a heat exchanger for the heating medium entering the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" system via a check valve.
4. Cooled condensate trap water heating installation for heating and / or hot water formed as a V-shaped profiles facing towards the vertices of the heated gas stream with drainage gutters, profiles transversely mounted beneath them at their ends, wherein the V-shaped profiles arranged parallel with respect to each other in at least two levels so that the projections of V-shaped profiles on the horizontal plane completely cover the cross section of the flue, V-shaped profiles provided with channels for circulating fluid cooling installation of heat exchanger duct, the inputs and outputs of these channels are combined inlet and outlet manifolds, characterized in that its two side walls formed by plates with channels for circulating fluid flow and the other two side walls are formed by the inlet and outlet manifolds of plates and channels of V-shaped profiles beneath the side walls is a frame in which a side wall formed by the plates, grooves with openings for draining condensate.
5. The heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" water heating installation for heating and / or hot water containing package inserts with channels for the flow of the heating and heated fluids comprising separating plate, the plate and extreme power supply collectors / retraction heated and heating fluids, wherein that the plate pack contains intermediate plates, for example of rubber, which has through holes that form the parallel ducts for the heated / heating medium flow, in the dividing plates formed by two groups of holes, and in the intermediate plates - one group of apertures, wherein in dividing plates, one group of apertures aligned with the hole group in the intermediate plate, and the other - with parallel channels, parallel channels for the flow of the heated / heating medium consistently communicated, for which the outputs of parallel channels heated / heating medium through the hole series in sequence in the separation, intermediate and separating plates communicated to the inputs of the next parallel channels heated / heating medium, in power plates are made by two groups of holes reported to the outputs / inputs supply / discharge of the heated / heating medium reservoirs, one group of holes directly and the other through hole group sequentially in the intermediate and the separation plates are reported to the inputs / outputs in parallel channels heated / heating medium supply manifolds / discharge heated and the heating medium are made on both sides of the plate package.
6. Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that the supply / discharge manifolds being heated / heating medium formed in the power plates.
7. A heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that the inlet collector / drain heated / heating medium formed outside the plate package.
print version
Publication date 30.01.2007gg
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