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THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2282114

VORTEX HEAT GENERATOR

The inventor's name: Lev Nikolaevich Britvin (RU); Britvina Tatiana Valerievna (RU); Shchepochkin Alexey Vitalyevich (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Scientific and Production Firm" TGM "(RU)
Address for correspondence: 111673, Moscow, PO Box 13, OOO "NPF" TGM "
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.11.09

The invention relates to heating engineering, in particular to heating devices operating on the principle of liquid heating due to the vortex and cavitation processes occurring in it, and can be used for heating the liquid, and for intensifying processes in hydrosystems of various purposes. The vortex generator of heat contains a closed impeller like a wheel of a centrifugal pump, the outlet of which is blocked by a rim forming a high pressure zone on the periphery of the impeller, which is equipped with working throttling channels (in the form of profiled slots, holes, slits) High speed in the tangential direction at a given angle to the angular velocity vector into toroidal vortex chambers located from the ends of the impeller, which are communicated through additional throttling channels with the input zone of the impeller blades. The hydraulic communication between the working cavities of the generator and the external hydraulic system of heat extraction is preferably carried out through the outlet annular channel located around the rim of the impeller and the inlet channel coaxial with the inlet central hole of the impeller, the toroidal vortex chambers being provided with additional sources of high-frequency fluid excitation. This implementation of the generator simplifies the design, improves its power and mass-dimensional characteristics, allows the use of commercially available impellers, parts and components of typical centrifugal pumps.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to heating devices operating on the principle of liquid heating due to the vortex and cavitation processes occurring in it, but it can also be used to intensify chemical and other technological processes in hydraulic systems of various purposes.

A heat generator is known containing a vortex chamber communicated with a pump and equipped with an additional circuit for circulating fluid through a vortex chamber [1].

The disadvantage of the known device is its cumbersomeness and the need to use an external pump and piping to connect it to the pump.

There is also known a heating cavitation energy converter in which the impeller of a centrifugal pump is directly built into the body of at least one vortex chamber made in the form of a torus rotationally symmetrical with the impeller, which improves the mass and overall characteristics of the device and simplifies the design as a whole. However, in this device, the outlet of the liquid from the impeller is effected through the gap between the body part and the impeller disk, which makes it difficult to debug the device to compensate for the axial forces on the impeller, and also to match the working hydraulic parameters of the impeller to the power of the drive motor, By the largest diameter of the wheel, and the inaccuracy in the manufacture of the housing, the impeller discs and the shaft support unit significantly affect the gap cross-section and the fluid flow through the wheel [2].

The object of the invention is to further simplify the design, reduce its sensitivity to manufacturing errors, more efficient discharge of the impeller from axial forces (to improve reliability) with a variation in operating parameters, the possibility of using the serial impellers and the element base of centrifugal pumps to reduce production costs. This goal is achieved by:

1. The vortex heat generator comprises a rotor impeller of a centrifugal pump whose output is hydraulically through at least one throttling working channel communicating with at least one toroidal vortex chamber arranged in the housing disposed coaxially with the drive shaft of the impeller, the cavity For arranging the impeller and communication channels of the generator with an external hydraulic system, wherein the output flow passage of the impeller, which is bounded at the ends by the cover discs, is overlapped by a peripheral rigidly connected to the wheel rim forming, together with the cover disks, a closed high pressure peripheral cavity on at least one End wall of which the said throttling working channels are formed, which exit into the end vortex chamber.

2. In the vortex heat generator, the vortex chamber zone adjacent to the impeller axis is communicated with the input zone of the impeller blades through at least one additional throttling channel.

3. In the vortex generator of heat on the impeller, in the zone of flow inflow from the vortex chamber, an additional blade system is installed on the cover plate.

4. In a vortex generator of heat, vortex generators are formed on the periphery of the cover plates of the impeller to divert the circulation flow in the vortex chamber from the liquid exit zone from the working throttling channels of the impeller and the formation of high-frequency pressure fluctuations in the flow.

5. In the vortex heat generator, the outlet housing channel is hydraulically communicated with an additional radial annular chamber located around the impeller in the region of its peripheral rim.

6. In the vortex generator of heat, the working throttling channels are made in the form of profiled nozzle openings that direct the flow of liquid relative to the circumferential velocity vector at an angle of 90 ° ± , Where Lies in the range 0 ... 55 ° , based on the condition of ensuring maximum energy efficiency.

7. In a vortex generator of heat, the vortex toroidal chambers are made on both sides of the impeller covered with cover plates and are located in the zone of diameters from (1,1 ... 1,3) Д РК to (0,8 ... 1,2) Д BX , where A R is the peripheral diameter of the impeller together with the rim, and A BX is the diameter of the input channel in the impeller blade system.

8. In a vortex heat generator, electrodes isolated from the housing, coupled with a source of electrical energy, for example a high-voltage pulse generator, are inserted into the core of the vortex flow of the toroidal vortex chamber.

VORTEX HEAT GENERATOR. Patent of the Russian Federation RU2282114

VORTEX HEAT GENERATOR. Patent of the Russian Federation RU2282114

FIGS . 1 and 2 show examples of technical solutions for a vortex heat generator, respectively, with one and two oppositely disposed toroidal vortex chambers, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show additional embodiments of working throttling channels of the impeller.

The heat generator comprises a blade impeller 1 in the form of a centrifugal pump wheel whose output is hydraulically through at least one throttling channel 2 communicating with at least one toroidal vortex chamber 4 arranged in the housing 3 disposed coaxially with the drive shaft 5 of the impeller 1. In the housing 3 and a cavity 6 is arranged for positioning the wheel 1 and the channels 7 and 8, respectively, for the liquid to flow into the connected hydraulic system and return it from the hydraulic system. The outgoing circumferential cross-section of the wheel 1, which is bounded along the ends by the cover discs 9 and 10, is overlapped by a peripheral rigidly connected with the wheel rim 11 forming together with the discs 9 and 10 a closed high pressure peripheral cavity 12, the end walls of which are provided with working throttling Channels, made in a flat slit, see FIG. 2 , or in the form of separate profiled nozzles (holes), see FIG . 2 and 3, pos. 13 and 14, respectively, or their annular nozzle-slots with a predetermined geometry, for example, convergence 15, see Fig . 4 , pos . 15 .

In embodiments, the area of ​​the vortex chamber 4 adjacent to the axis of the impeller chamber 1 is communicated with the inlet zone of the impeller blades through at least one throttling channel 16. Such channels in the form of apertures 17 can also be performed on the power cover wheel 9 of the wheel 1.

On the impeller 1, in the flowing zone from the vortex chamber, an additional blade system 18 can be installed on the cover disk, for example, integrated into the main blade system of the impeller 1, see FIG. 1 , or mounted on the covers 9 and 10, FIG .

Vortex-forming projections 19 and / or channels 20 can be formed on the periphery of the impeller cover plates, see FIG . 3 , for deflecting the circulation flow in the vortex chamber from the liquid exit zone from the working throttling channels 2, 13, 14 or 15 and thereby forming Additional high-frequency pulsations of pressure in the liquid flow.

The outlet housing 7 is preferably hydraulically communicated with an additional radial annular chamber 21 provided with a guaranteed clearance around the impeller in the region of its peripheral rim 11 that further excites the fluid flow from the channels 2 and equalizes the pressure on the cover plates 9 and 10 , Reducing the axial force on the impeller.

The efficiency of the heat generator depends on the nature of the fluid motion in the toroidal vortex chambers, depending on the geometry of the impeller of the chambers, the direction and velocity of the liquid flow out of the working throttling channels 13, 14, 15. Therefore, the flow of fluid emerging from these channels is set relative to the circumferential velocity vector (At the location of the channels) and is performed at an angle of 90 ° ± , Where Lies in the range 0 ... 55 ° , proceeding from the condition of ensuring maximum energy efficiency, see the vector diagram in section AA to FIG. 2 , where V ± - the absolute speed of the flow leaving the working channels of the wheel 1, W - the flow rate relative to the wheel.

To ensure the regulation of energy release, electrodes 21 isolated from the housing 3 are connected to the core of the vortex flow of the toroidal vortex chamber and communicated with a source of electrical (electromagnetic, energy, for example, a high-voltage pulse generator and adjustable pulse frequency.

HEAT GENERATOR WORKS AS FOLLOWS:

When the channels 7 and 8 communicate with the external hydraulic system, for example, comprising a heat sink device 24 and a reducer 25 for filling the hydraulic system with fluid and setting the pressure, when the shaft 5 of the impeller 1 rotates, a high liquid pressure is formed in its peripheral cavity 12, With a high speed through the working channels 2, 13, 14 or 15 into the vortex chambers 4 at an angle of 90 ° ± With respect to the wheel circumferential velocity vector at the exit points of the said channels, which leads both to the helical motion of the liquid in the chambers 4 and to the relative movement of the liquid in the radial direction of the cross section of the chamber torus 4. This generates a number of vortices filling the chamber 4 and periodically moving with the variable Speed ​​from zones of low pressure to the zones of increased pressure and vice versa under conditions of intense hydroacoustic and or electromagnetic influence on microvortices and cavitation zones, which leads to the heating of the liquid, which by means of channels 7 and 8 moves to the external hydraulic system, giving off heat. In this case, the pressure in the chamber 21 is increased due to the rotation of the liquid in it during its interaction with the rim 11 of the wheel 1, which provides intensive pumping of the liquid (heat transfer medium) through heat exchangers, for example 24, the external hydraulic system.

Intensification of the working process is carried out due to its braking at the inlet of the throttling channels 16, 17, providing internal recirculation of the liquid in the generator and increasing the temperature in it with respect to the temperature in the external circuit of the connected hydraulic system, and also due to the excitation of liquid molecules by high-frequency pressure pulsations on the vortex-forming projections ) 19 and blades 18 and / or by electropulse high-frequency action by means of electrodes 22 located in the low-pressure zone of the central part of the ionized vortex bundle of vortex chambers 4. The presence of electrodes 22, when connected to the mains, allows for and controlled heating of the liquid during operation of the heat generator and In the electric heater mode, for example, if it is necessary to increase the heat release during the starting period.

Reduction of the power consumed by the shaft is accomplished by transferring to the impeller the torque by additional blade systems 18 whose circumferential speed is substantially lower than the circumferential velocity of the flow that flows in them, which occurs in the vortex chambers at small diameters of the chambers 4 relative to the axis of the wheel.

The flow of the recirculation stream directly to the inlet portion of the impeller blade system 1 through the throttling channels 16 and 17 substantially increases the stability of the working process when operating at high temperatures and when pumping a liquid saturated with microvortexes and steam caverns.

It is important that the execution of working channels at the ends along the periphery of the impeller can be carried out with high accuracy and their cross-section is independent of the errors and quality of assembly of the heat generator. As a result, the simplest matching of the geometry of the working member with the geometry of the vortex chambers of the heat generator is provided, and with the power and torque of the driving shaft 5 of the motor. Execution of throttling working channels in the form of apertures also reduces the sensitivity of the heat generator to contaminations that may occur in the hydraulic system, increases its reliability and efficiency in general.

The presence of a cover rim 11 on a closed impeller along with the execution of working throttling channels from the ends of the cover plates of the impeller allows the use of the commercially available impellers of centrifugal pumps and their power support racks, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing heat generators of this type and without significant costs Expand their nomenclature by the power of the drive engines, providing the minimum specific dimensions and mass, and taking into account the additional features of the technical solution of this type of heat generator, it is essential to increase its reliability, stability of operating parameters and energy efficiency.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Potapov Yu.S. Heat generator and device for heating the liquid. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2045715, 1995, Bul.

2. Britvin, LN, Britvin, EN, Britvina, TL, Shchepochkin, A.V. Cavitation energy converter. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2224957, 2004, Bul.№6.

CLAIM

A vortex heat generator comprising a blade impeller like a centrifugal impeller impeller whose output is hydraulically through at least one throttling working channel communicating with at least one toroidal vortex chamber arranged in the housing and arranged coaxially with the drive shaft of a worker Wheels, and in the housing there is a cavity for locating the impeller and communication channels of the generator with an external hydraulic system, characterized in that the output section of the impeller, which is bounded at the ends by the cover discs, is covered by a peripheral rigidly connected with the wheel rim forming together with the cover discs A closed peripheral cavity of high pressure, on which at least one end wall of which the said throttling channels are formed, emerging into the end vortex chamber.

2. A vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vortex chamber region adjacent to the impeller axis is communicated with the inlet zone of the impeller blades through at least one additional throttling channel.

3. A vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional blade system is mounted on the impeller in the flowing zone from the vortex chamber to the cover disc.

4. A vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that on the periphery of the cover plates of the impeller, vortex forming protrusions are made for deflecting the circulation flow in the vortex chamber from the liquid exit zone from the working throttling channels of the impeller and the formation of high-frequency pressure oscillations in the fluid flow of the vortex chamber .

5. The vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet housing channel is hydraulically communicated with an additional radial annular chamber located around the impeller in the region of its peripheral rim.

6. The vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working throttling channels are in the form of profiled nozzle openings guiding the fluid flow with respect to the circumferential velocity vector at an angle of 90 ° ± , Where Lies in the range 0-55 ° , based on the condition of ensuring maximum energy efficiency.

7. A vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the toroidal vortex chambers are made on both sides of the impeller covered by the cover discs and are located in a zone of diameters from (1,1 ... 1,3) D pc to (0,8 ... 1,2) Двх , where Д рк - the peripheral diameter of the impeller together with the rim, and Д вх - diameter of the input channel in the blade system of the impeller.

8. A vortex heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that electrodes isolated from the housing are connected to the core of the vortex flow of the toroidal vortex chamber and communicated with a source of electrical energy, for example, a high-voltage pulse generator.

print version
Date of publication 11/30/2006