Start of section
Production, amateur
Radio amateurs
Aircraft model, rocket-model
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth Master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
Inventions 		Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth
Secrets of the Ocean
Tricks
Map of section
Start
Forum
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2200808

METHOD OF HEATING THE ROOM

The name of the inventor: Maslov Victor Valentinovich
The name of the patent owner: Maslov Viktor Valentinovich
Address for correspondence: 115211, Moscow, Kashirskoye sh., 59, building 2, ap. 366, to VV Maslov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.07.09

A method for heating residential, public and industrial premises is proposed.

The task of the invention is to improve the ecology of the heated premises, to increase the level of comfort and efficiency of heating.

This task is achieved by using heated window sills and heated vertical side windows of window niches, heated thresholds and heated vertical side slopes of doorways, heated sub-panels and vertical wall panels, which are placed from the floor in the lower part of the walls. In this case, the temperature of the facial surfaces of the heaters is chosen taking into account that the infrared radiation produced by them is carried out with a maximum intensity in the wavelength range 8-10 μm corresponding to the region of maximum efficiency of the heat exchange of the human body with the environment. Accordingly, the temperature of the front surface of the window sills is chosen in the range of 25-40 ° C , the temperature of the front surface of the side slopes of window and door pits, the temperature of the front surface of the thresholds of door niches, the temperature of the front surface of the sub-contractors and the wall panels is chosen in the range 25-55 ° C. To increase the intensity of infrared radiation and create the necessary design, the faces of the heaters are faced with a natural or artificial stone, and ceramic tiles. As a result of heating the air with a heated window sill and heated vertical lateral slopes of the window niche, a heat-insulating screen is formed in the window niche, consisting of dry air with an increased dew-point temperature and low thermal conductivity, in which convective flows of appreciable intensity are practically absent. As a result, the conditions for the fogging and frosting of the lower part of the window are eliminated. In addition, the heat losses caused by the movement of air along the cold glasses are minimized, which, according to some estimates, saves energy used for heating the room to 20-30% . The invention can be used in the design, construction and reconstruction of heating systems for residential, public and industrial buildings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the heating of residential, public and industrial premises and is designed to meet the human vital needs. It can be used in the design, construction and reconstruction of heating systems for residential, public and industrial buildings.

As you know, the main task of heating any room is to create comfortable temperature conditions for people in it.

Currently, convective and radiant (radiative) methods of heating rooms are used. The essence of the convective heating method is that with the help of various heating appliances, air is heated, which, in the form of convective warm air flows, spreads throughout the room and heats the objects in it.

The essence of the radiation (radiative) method of heating lies in the fact that, with the help of sources of long-wave infrared radiation, objects that are in the room are first heated, and then the heat from the objects is transmitted to the air.

A comparative analysis of the convective and beam heating methods of rooms performed by V.Yegorov and P.Tarasov in "Infrared Radiant Equipment" ( "Stroitel" Handbook, published by IA "NORMA", 2000, 4, p. 192, 193 ) That the radial method has significant advantages over convective.

For example, with a convective heating method, the temperature gradient over the height of the room is 1.7-2.5 o C / m , with warm air naturally appearing at the top and the cold air at the bottom. As a consequence, in rooms of 2.5 - 3.5 m in height , the temperature difference between the ceiling and the floor can reach 6 - 7 ° C. In addition, intensive convective currents of warm air entrain fine dust, forcing people in the room to breathe a dust-and-air mixture, which leads to negative consequences.

With the radiation method of heating, the temperature at the surface of the floor is higher than that of the ceiling, and the temperature gradient over the height is about 0.3 ° C / m . At a temperature of 18 - 19 o C at the surface of the floor , a comfortable temperature at a height of 1.5 m can be lowered by 2 - 3 o C without affecting the person's well-being. Due to a significant reduction in the cost of heating the ceiling part and reducing the comfort temperature, the radiant mode of heating the living quarters is 20 to 25% more economical than convective heating. Since in the radiant mode of heating convective warm air flows are practically absent, the amount of dust contained in the air is much less than in a convective heating method.

Typical IR-heaters with the help of which radial IR heating of premises are practically realized are the electric ceiling heaters EkoLine and the gas ceiling IR heaters BiKar . The use of gas as an energy carrier makes it possible to reduce the current costs of heating, however, there are problems associated with the withdrawal of combustion products, changes in the natural humidity of the air and the burning of oxygen in the air. Therefore, for heating the premises, electric IR heaters are more often used. At the same time, for heating residential and office premises with a ceiling height of up to 3.5 m, use IR ceiling heaters with a radiating surface temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. For heating premises with a ceiling height of more than 3.5 m, ceiling IR heaters with a radiating surface temperature of 300 to 750 ° C are used .

An essential disadvantage of IR heaters with a radiating surface temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. is that the maximum intensity of their IR radiation lying in the wavelength range from 6 μm to 7.7 μm is within the wavelength range of 5.2 μm Up to 7.7 microns in which the IR radiation in the spectrum of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is completely absent, since IR radiation in this wavelength range is not transmitted by the earth's atmosphere as a result of effective selective absorption by water vapor, CO 2 , ozone and Other impurities ( Physical encyclopedia, Moscow, 1998, volume 2, p. 183 ). As a consequence, in the human genetic memory there is no experience of interaction with IR radiation in the wavelength range from 5.2 microns to 7.7 microns . Therefore, human exposure to IR radiation in this wavelength range can not be considered environmentally friendly and comfortable. This conclusion is also valid for IR radiation produced by IR heaters with a radiating surface temperature of 300-750 ° C at wavelengths shorter than 5.2 μm .

To create comfortable conditions for a person, space heating must take into account the biophysical features of the human body's heat exchange with the environment under various physical influences.

Man is a powerful source of infrared radiation and absorbs it well (the phenomenon of radiation exchange). The maximum intensity in the continuous spectrum of radiation and absorption of the human body is due to the wavelength in the range 9.3 - 9.5 microns . At this wavelength, the greatest penetration depth of infrared radiation into the human body takes place ( Bogolyubov VM, Ponomarenko GN General Physiotherapy, Moscow, "Medicine", 1999, pp. 148-151 ).

As is known, the thermal radiation of an absolutely black body occurs at a wavelength strictly corresponding to the temperature of its surface. The thermal radiation of a real body usually occurs in a certain range of wavelengths with a maximum intensity at a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the thermal radiation of an absolutely black body with the same surface temperature. For example, a solid with a surface temperature of 40 ° C has infrared radiation with a maximum intensity in the wavelength range of 8 μm to 10 μm .

There are known methods of heating rooms using radiators and panels heated by steam, hot water or electricity. The closest analogue (prototype) of the proposed invention is the method of heating using the so-called "warm floor", heated, for example, with an electric cable ( Khrenkov N. The system of warm floors Teplolux, "Stroyka", publishing house IA "NORMA" , 2000, 43, p.196-198 ) or hot water passed through a system of pipes laid under the floor surface (Alternative floor heating systems WIRSBO., "Construction", edition of IA "NORMA", 2001, 7, p. 180 ) .

The disadvantage of such a technical solution is that it generates a number of restrictions on the placement of furniture and household items in the room, which are counter-indicative of heating from below: refrigerators, bookcases, bedside tables, beds, sofas, carpets, etc. In this case, there are difficulties of a psychological nature, caused by a violation of the prevailing stereotype of ideas about the expedient placement of furniture and household items in the room. Warm floors are best combined with coatings made of marble or tile in bathrooms and bath rooms.

In addition, there is a serious problem associated with fogging and even icing of the bottom of the window, especially with a wide window sill. This phenomenon is due to the fact that downstream air flows form in the near space, which, as it moves downward and cool, releases moisture that settles on the colder glass. In this case, as they say, the window "cries".

To eliminate this phenomenon under the sill install either water heating radiators, or electric convectors, which create convective warm airflows, counteracting the descending ones. However, the effectiveness of such measures is lower, the wider the window sill. If the width of the window sill is more than 30-35 cm, the window still "cries". In addition, heating radiators and electric convectors make it difficult to clean the premises.

The aim of the invention is to create an optimal method of heating the room, providing an improvement in the ecology of the heated room, increasing the level of comfort and heating efficiency while maintaining the prevailing ideas about the appropriate placement of heating appliances, furniture and household items in the room. This goal is achieved by using heated window sills and heated vertical side windows of window niches, heated thresholds and heated vertical side slopes of door niches, heated sub-panels and vertical wall panels that are placed from the floor in the lower part of the walls, the temperature of the faces Heaters are chosen taking into account that the infrared radiation generated by them is carried out with a maximum intensity in the range of lengths from 8 μm to 10 μm , corresponding to the region of maximum efficiency of heat exchange of the human body with the environment. Accordingly, the temperature of the front surface of the sills is selected in the temperature range from 25 ° C to 40 ° C , the temperature of the front surface of the side slopes of the window and door niches, the temperature of the front surface of the doorway thresholds, the temperature of the subfacies and the wall panels' 25 ° C to 55 ° C. To increase the intensity of infrared radiation and create the necessary design, the faces of the heaters are faced with a natural or artificial stone, and ceramic tiles.

As a result of heating the air with a heated window sill and heated vertical side windows of the window niche, a heat-insulating screen is formed in the window niche, consisting of dry air with an increased dew point and low thermal conductivity, in which convective currents of appreciable intensity are practically absent. As a result, the conditions for the fogging and frosting of the lower part of the window are eliminated. In addition, the heat loss caused by the movement of air along the cold glass is minimized, which has a beneficial effect on the energy savings necessary for heating the room. According to some estimates, the energy savings used to heat a room with windows with heated glass is up to 20-30% (V. Gaidukevich, Energy-saving electrical equipment of buildings, "Stroitel" handbook, "NORMA", 2000, 4, p. 195).

In accordance with the classification, infrared radiation occupies a wavelength range from 0.76 μm to 1000 μm . In this case, by the nature of the effect on the human body, infrared radiation in the wavelength range from 8 to 10 μm is called soft IR radiation.

The stated regularities were used to select the temperature intervals of the heated radiating surfaces in order to ensure the most environmentally friendly and comfortable conditions for people staying in the room with minimum energy consumption for heating

The physical phenomena underlying the proposed method of heating the room are discussed above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. Therefore, the possibility of implementing the invention is reduced to the possibility of realizing the heated surfaces of the window sill, the side slopes of the window and the sub-panel, and also the regulation of the heating temperature of these surfaces.

At present, heating of surfaces of different shapes is widely used with the help of an electric cable evenly distributed under the heated surface. The power cable is supplied from the electrical network. To control the temperature of heating the surfaces, electrical temperature sensors and temperature controllers (thermostats) are used.

It is possible to heat the surfaces by means of water heated to the appropriate temperature, passed through pipes laid under the heated surface. The choice of method for heating surfaces is determined only by technical and economic expediency.

Facing the window sill, side slopes of the window niche and the sub-panel with natural or artificial stone, and decorative ceramic tiles is a well-mastered technological operation.

Thus, the possibility of implementing the proposed method of heating the premises is beyond doubt.

INFORMATION SOURCES

  1. The patent of the Russian Federation, С1, 2121772 from 10.11. 1998 Cable system for space heating (options).

  2. The patent of the Russian Federation, С1, 2125208 from 20.01.1999. The panel of radiant heating.

  3. The patent of the Russian Federation, С1, 2132610 from 10.07.1999. The device of heating of agricultural animals and a bird.

  4. SniP 2. 04. 05 91. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Gosstroy, 1991.

  5. With a "warm floor" you will not freeze. "Construction", ed. IA "NORMA", 2001, 7, p. 185.

  6. Heating is easy. "Construction", ed. IL "NORMA", 2001, 12, p. 244.

  7. A present for the summer season. "Construction", ed. IA "NORMA", 2001, 14, p. 210.

  8. EcoLine - universal heating system. "Construction", ed. IA "NORMA", 2001, 18, p. 229.

  9. EcoLine - warmth and comfort in your home. "Warm House", ed. "Stroyinform", 2001, 2, p. 123.

  10. V. Egorov. Stationary direct electric heating of a country house. "Construction", ed. IA "NORMA", 2001, 22, p. 225, 226.

CLAIM

  1. A method for heating a room containing at least one opening in which a window niche is provided comprising a window, a window sill and side slopes, and at least one opening in which a doorway is provided containing a door, a threshold and side slopes, characterized in that Windowsills and / or side slopes of window niches and thresholds and / or side slopes of door niches that are heated are used for heating, the temperature of the front surface of the sills is selected in the range of 25-40 ° C , the temperature of the front surface of the side slopes of the window and door niches And the temperature of the front surface of the thresholds of door niches is chosen in the range 25-55 ° C.

  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for additional heating, wall panels are used which are heated and placed from the floor in the lower part of the walls, for example under the sills, the temperature of the front surface of the heated wall panels being chosen in the range of 25-55 ° C.

  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heated window sills and heated side windows of window niches, heated thresholds and heated side slopes of door niches and heated surfaces of wall panels are faced with natural or artificial stone, tile or ceramic tiles, metal with decorative coating, Containing mineral filler, each of these materials being used both separately and in various combinations with other materials.

print version
Date of publication 08.11.2006gg