| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2254520
METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEATING AND AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM,
ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The name of the inventor: Prangishvili I.V. (RU); Paschenko F.F. (RU); Krukovsky L.Ye. (RU); Paschenko A.F. (RU)
The name of the patent holder: Institute of Control Sciences. V.A. Trapeznikov RAS (RU)
Address for correspondence: 117997 , Moscow, V-342, GSP-7, Profsoyuznaya st., 65, IPU, Patent Department
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.06.02
The invention relates to the field of heat power engineering, namely to the area of heating systems, and can be used in individual construction in the absence of a central heating system. The technical result: reduction of the volumes and cost of the units required to provide heat to buildings with a wide range of heating temperature changes. The method of autonomous heating in a closed local system with forced circulation and heating of the heating medium, through which heating and forced circulation is carried out by means of a piston machine, heating the coolant in its chambers to the state of steam with the pressure providing the rotation of the crankshaft, by means of electrical pulses fed by signals The crankshaft position sensor, followed by the supply of heated coolant to the mixer and heating appliances.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat power engineering, namely to the area of heating systems, and can be used in individual construction in the absence of a central heating system.
A method of autonomous heating is known in which a heat carrier is heated by means of a separate heating device and the coolant is supplied by a pump, which is typically a piston machine (see, for example, RF patent No. 212,227, IPC F 24 D 3/08 " Closed autonomous system ", published on 10.11.1998, BI No. 31) .
The known method comprises two units, namely a heater and a pump with a driving motor. The presence of two units complicates and increases the cost of the system.
Known and the method of independent heating, in which heating is carried out by a heating element, and the supply of a heat carrier is carried out by means of a circulating head. See, for example, RF patent No. 2066812, IPC F 24 D 3/00 "Water heating system with natural circulation", publ. 20.09.1996, BI No. 26) .
The drawback of the known method is that the pressure in the system is small, and therefore its use is limited to small rooms. In addition, the method does not allow controlling the heating temperature over a wide range.
Closer and accepted for the prototype is the method of autonomous heating, in which heating and supply of the coolant is carried out with the help of an electric heater, and forced circulation is provided according to the laws of convection, the process being regulated depending on the temperature of the coolant. See, for example, RF patent No. 2333918, IPC F 24 D 3/08, 13/04 "Device for space heating", publ. 27.09.1999, BI N 21.)
The disadvantage of the known method is that the coolant pressure in it is low and, consequently, this method, and like the previous one, can be used only for small rooms.
The purpose of the present invention is to combine in one piston machine two operations - heating the coolant and injecting it into the heating system while supplying heat to buildings of various sizes and floors. At the same time, the volume and cost of the units necessary to provide heat is reduced, with a wide range of heating temperature changes.
In order to achieve this result, in a known method of autonomous heating in a closed local system with forced circulation and heating of the heat carrier according to the invention, heating and forced circulation is carried out by means of a piston machine by the action of electric pulses on the coolant entering its chambers.
In the technical solution variant, the temperature of the heat carrier is regulated by cyclic mixing of the cooled and hot heat carriers according to the signals of the temperature sensor.
In a conventional autonomous heating system comprising a cold return line and a heating medium main line, a heater, a pump and a control device with a temperature sensor, the invention uses a piston machine comprising a chamber, inlet and outlet valves, a crankshaft with chambers Heating elements connected to the electrical impulse delivery system.
In the variant of the technical solution, in the autonomous heating system, electrodes are used as heating elements.
In the variant of the technical solution in the autonomous heating system, the inlet and outlet valves of the piston engine are electrically connected to the control system, to which the coolant temperature sensor and the crankshaft position sensor are connected.
The process of autonomous heating in a closed local system with forced circulation and heating of the coolant, in which heating and forced circulation is carried out by means of a piston machine, by the action of electric pulses on the heat carrier entering its chambers, allows one to provide heating and supply of a coolant with a high Pressure and, thus, to heat the buildings of high storeys.
The control of the temperature of the heat carrier due to cyclic mixing of cooled and hot heat carriers according to the signals of the temperature sensor makes it possible to regulate heating over a wide temperature range.
The system of autonomous heating, containing the return line of the cold and the hot water main, the heater, the pump and the control device with a temperature sensor in which a piston machine containing chambers, inlet and outlet valves, a crankshaft with chambers equipped with heating elements , Connected to the electric impulse supply system, allows one unit to be used for both heating and supplying the heat transfer medium, and thereby reduce the cost and overall dimensions of the system.
 |
The use of electrodes as heating elements widens the range of possible applications of the present invention. The electrical connection of the inlet and outlet valves of the piston machine to the control system, to which the coolant temperature sensor and the crankshaft position sensor are connected, simplifies the process of adjusting the temperature of the coolant. The claimed invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of autonomous heating. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control of the heating mode. The autonomous heating system comprises a piston machine consisting of cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 (FIG. 1). In the cylinders there are pistons, respectively 5, 6, 7, 8. Pistons, in turn, are articulated with the connecting rods 9, 10, 11 and 12 to the common crankshaft 13, the crankshaft is equipped with a distributor with a shaft position sensor 14. Each 1- 4 is divided by the piston into two chambers, respectively 1 ', 1 ", 2', 2", 3 ', 3 ", 4', 4". The upper cylinders 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4' are provided with a pair of electrically controllable valves, respectively 15 and 16 for 4 ': 17, 18 for 3': 19, 20 for 2 'and 21, 22 for 1'. Valves 15, 17, 19 and 21 connect the chambers to the mixer 23. Valves 16, 18, 20 and 22 connect the chambers through the discharge line 24 to the intake tank 25. In turn, the mixer 23 is connected through the hot fluid carrier line 26 to the heating devices 27. The latter are connected to the expander 28. The expander through the return line of the cold heat carrier 29 is connected to the receiving tank 25. The mixer 23 has a temperature sensor 30. Each of the chambers 4 ', 3', 2 ', 1' has electrode pairs 31, 32, 33 And 34. Heating wires are installed between the electrodes (not shown in the figure). |
 |
In the variant of the technical solution between the electrodes there is an interval, washed by the coolant. The control system comprises a power supply and control unit 35 (FIG. 2), the input of which includes a crankshaft position sensor 14, a temperature sensor 30, an operation mode selector 36 and a temperature controller 37. The power supply and control unit 35 comprises a microprocessor system and a power unit Not shown). From the control unit, the outputs for the power supply of the valves 15-22 and the terminals for supplying the pairs of electrodes 31-34 depart. |
The autonomous heating system can operate in four-stroke and two-stroke modes. In the four-stroke mode, when a relatively high heating water temperature is required, the operation mode selector 36 is set to the corresponding position. It is assumed that all cylinder chambers 1'-4 'are filled with a heat carrier. On signals from the shaft position sensor 14, a voltage pulse is applied from the power supply and control unit 35 to the electrodes of the chamber in which the piston is in the upper position. Let us assume that this is a cylinder 4, a chamber 4 ', a pair of electrodes 31. On the signals of the same sensor, power is supplied to the valves 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, which means that these valves are open. Valves 15 and 16 do not receive power, and, therefore, they are closed. At the same time, due to the heating of the heating wire, which is present between the electrodes, a rapid heating of the heat carrier takes place to form a vapor. The pressure in the chamber 4 'increases, the piston 8 starts to move to the left (active movement), causing the shaft 13 to rotate through the connecting rod 12. Thus, the working cycle of the machine is carried out. Through the corresponding connecting rods the pistons of the remaining cylinders will move. The piston 7 will move to the left, pushing excess coolant from the chamber 3 'into the delivery conduit 24. The piston 6 will move to the right, tightening the coolant into the chamber 2'. The piston 5 of the cylinder 1 will push the coolant from the chamber 1 'to the conduit 24. When the piston 8, moving to the right, reaches a certain position, a signal will come from the shaft position sensor 14 to open the valve 15 and close the valves 17 and 18. The voltage pulse will go to a pair of electrodes 32. At this point, the piston 7 of the cylinder 3 will be in the left position. The process similar to the one described for cylinder 3 will be repeated. At the same time, due to the received energy and rotation of the crankshaft 13, the piston 8 of the cylinder 4 will move to the left, pushing the heated coolant into the mixer 23. Then, after reaching the right position with the piston 7, the valve 17 opens. The process will be repeated. With each active stroke of one of the pistons (a voltage pulse is applied), the heated coolant will be ejected into the mixer 23 from one of the adjacent cylinders. In the mixer, the steam will condense into the hot liquid. In this case, the piston machine fulfills the functions of both the heater and the pump. The hot heat carrier from the mixer 23 enters the heating devices 27 through the main of the heated heat carrier 26 and then flows through the return line of the cold coolant 29 to the receiving tank 25.
If the temperature in the mixer exceeds the set level recorded by the temperature sensor 30, the valve operation mode changes. For example, after the active part of the stroke of the piston 8 in the cylinder 4 is completed and the active phase of the cylinder 3 has started, when the piston 8 moves to the right, the valve 16 will open, and when the piston moves to the left, the valve 15 will open, pumping a portion of the cold water from the receiving tank 25 into the mixer 23. The rest of the valves will act the same way. Thus, in the mixer 23, in addition to the hot coolant from the spent chamber, the coolant will also flow from the receiving tank 25. The total temperature of the heat carrier will be less than in the previous regime.
The temperature in the heating elements is set by the temperature setter 36 and controlled by the temperature controller 37. The temperature controller provides the pulse repetition frequency and the shaft rotation speed 13.
In the autonomous heating system, a two-stroke operation mode is also provided when two cylinders are turned on in the active cycle, the pistons of which have reached the upper position. The operation of the valves will be changed according to this mode. In this case, the task of the valves is to ensure the intake of the cold coolant from the receiving tank 25 and the supply of the heated coolant to the mixer 23. In each cycle, a cold coolant will be taken when the piston moves from the left dead point to the right, then at a certain position of the piston, pulses are applied to the corresponding electrodes and an active Piston motion. After reaching the bottom dead center, a valve opens to connect the chamber to the mixer and push the hot steam-water mixture into the mixer to convert the mixture into a hot liquid. Then the process repeats. The coolant temperature in this case will be maximum. This mode is also set by the mode selector 36 and controlled by the regulator 37.
The power supply system can be implemented according to the principle of ignition feed circuits of the internal combustion engine.
In a variant of the technical solution, heating threads may be absent, and heating of the coolant and movement of the pistons in the cylinders will occur due to high-voltage discharges.
In all modes, the temperature in the heating elements 27 is set by the temperature setter 37 and is maintained by comparing the position of the setpoint and the temperature sensor 30. If the difference between the sensor and the setpoint does not match, the microprocessor system in the power supply and control unit 35 changes the operating time of the heaters between the electrodes 31 -34 or the number of pulses between them. It changes, and, according to a certain algorithm, the time of applying voltage to the electrodes.
In this case, the inflow of energy to the heat carrier and the frequency of rotation of the shaft increase or decrease; System performance.
The advantage of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the same well-known piston machine is both a supercharger and a heater of the coolant, which will greatly simplify the system and will reduce the cost and operating costs. The proposed independent heating system can be used in high-rise buildings. The power unit occupies a small room and does not require special equipment adjustment.
CALCULATION OF ENERGY PROCESSES IN THE WORK OF THE AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM WITH THE APPLICATION OF THE PISTON MACHINE
According to the normative documents of Mosenergo, the average energy consumption while maintaining the normal room temperature is 7 Wh / m 3 .
The energy consumption for heating a room of 10,000 m 3 (4000 m 2 with a ceiling height of 2.5 m) will be 70000 Wh / h.
Suppose that the machine is running at a speed of 100 rpm. Then, for one revolution of the shaft, the required energy should be 70,000 / 60 · 100 = 11.7 W / rev.
Let us use a cylindrical piston machine with 4 cylinders with a piston diameter of 70 mm. When the piston is at the top dead center, the distance between the surface of the cylinder and the cylinder head in the cylinder is 3 mm. The volume of water in this space will be 11 cm 3 .
To heat 11 cm 3 of water, converting it into steam and creating a pushing force, it will take 20,000 Joules to work.
As shown by experimental studies conducted in the ICP, in fact, because the energy in a given volume comes in pulse, the boiling of water with the formation of steam and the creation of the force necessary for the movement of the piston and, respectively, the shaft of the machine, occurs directly in the field of electrodes or Filament and covers no more than 1/4 of the volume. Therefore, you must take the required amount of work, equal to 5000 J.
The operating time of the pulse is 1/8 turn of the shaft of the machine.
The angular frequency of rotation at 100 rpm is 1.7 r / s.
The time of passage of the pulse is 0.2 sec.
The energy consumed by the machine will be 5000 / 0.2 = 25000 Watts.
At a voltage of 380 V, the current will be 66 A.
Specific resistance of tungsten filament at 1000 ° C:
= 0.0508 (1 + 0.00148 · 1000) = 0.126 μm · m · m.
The length of a wire twisted into a spiral will be 5 · 007 = 0.35 m.
The resistance of the filament is R = 380/66 = 5.75 Ohm.
Thread cross-section S = · 1 / R = 0.35 = 0.008 mm.
The diameter of the thread is 0.1 mm.
The surface area of the filament is 0.035 m 2 .
Actually, the energy of the pulse will be higher, because at the moment of impulse delivery, the temperature of the filament will be equal to the water temperature, and its resistance will be 2.4 times less, respectively. The pulse time can be shortened.
As was calculated above, the energy required to heat a room with a total volume of 10,000 m 3 is 11.6 W / rev.
The subsequent calculation showed that for one revolution the machine allocates 25,000 Watts.
Consequently, either the machine will operate in a short-time mode, providing rapid heating of the heating elements of the thermal system, which, by the way, is one of the advantages of the proposed method, or the machine has a large reserve of power, at 215500 times (rotation speed 1000 rpm ) Exceeding the estimated, and can be used to heat the premises.
If electrodes are used as heating elements, and the voltage on them in the pulse will be 100000 V, then the current will be equal to 0.25 A or less.
CLAIM
1. A method of autonomous heating in a closed local system with forced circulation and heating of the coolant, characterized in that heating and forced circulation is performed by means of a piston machine, heating the coolant in its chambers to a state of steam with a pressure providing the rotation of the crankshaft by means of electrical pulses , Supplied by the signals of the sensor of the crankshaft position, followed by the supply of heated coolant to the mixer and heating devices.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the heat carrier is controlled by cyclically mixing the cooled and hot heat carriers in the mixer according to the signals of the temperature sensor.
3. An autonomous heating system comprising a cold return line and a heated heating medium main line, a heater, a pump and a control device with a temperature sensor, characterized in that a piston machine comprising chambers, a crankshaft, inlet and outlet valves, chambers Which are equipped with heating elements connected to the system of electrical impulses.
4. The system of independent heating according to claim 3, characterized in that electrodes separated by a gap are used as heating elements.
5. The system of independent heating according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the inlet and outlet valves of the piston machine are electrically connected by a control system to which the coolant temperature sensor and the crankshaft position sensor are connected.
print version
Date of publication 01.01.2007гг
Comments
When commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.