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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2258870

METHOD autonomous heating and hot water to a residential building and autonomous heating system and hot water supply residential building

METHOD autonomous heating and hot water to a residential building and autonomous heating system and hot water supply residential building

Name of the inventor: Kokarev Vladimir Arkhipov
The name of the patentee: Kokarev Vladimir Arkhipov
Address for correspondence: 170042, Tver, ul. Skvortsova-Stepanova, 18, kv.66, EN Khrustalyov (for VA Kokareva)
Starting date of the patent: 2003.09.12

The invention relates to the field of heating systems and are designed for autonomous heating and hot water supply of residential houses, factories and industrial buildings and structures. The method of autonomous heating and hot water supply of residential houses includes the use of the heat generator of thermal energy by heating the gas and water coolant circulating in the pipes in a closed loop, running an internal combustion engine on the initial liquid or gaseous fuels, heat coolant engine exhaust and hot water to the water cooling system engine, forced ventilation of premises with warm air from the heat exchanger, heating the premises from the battery coolant radiators, heating water in the boiler for domestic use and accumulation of heat in the heat capacity of the material, isolated in soil foundation under the house. The heat for heating and hot water is produced by pyrolysis of waste and debris and combustible materials in the autoclave gas generators. The heating and pyrolysis of combustible material to produce heat exhaust of internal combustion engine and teploelektronagrevateley, energizes an electric motor. Pyrolysis products - and combustible flue gases are used as a coolant in the indoor air heat exchanger of the ventilation system and then condensed into liquid fuel in a boiler with hot water. Liquid fuel is used to operate the engine in operation. Engine exhaust gases after the gas generators are used as battery coolant radiator, is then sent to the heat accumulation in the heat capacity materials, then - in a boiler for heating water and noxious gases through the catalytic converter - into the atmosphere. Characterized apparatus for implementing the described method. EFFECT: increased efficiency of the heating system and hot water supply while reducing the consumption of expensive energy carrier source by recycling waste and garbage fuel without polluting the atmosphere with harmful emissions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of heat and are designed to self-heating and hot water supply of residential houses, but also industrial buildings and structures.

There is a method of autonomous heating and hot water supply, which consists in obtaining heat from the gasifier by burning in it the source of fuel, heating the water as a coolant in the storage tank, which is under the influence of natural circulation moves through the supply and return pipe between the water heater gas generator and the storage tank , and during the startup of the gas generator heat accumulate masonry chimney with thermal insulation circulation of water between the storage tank and expansion tank [1].

The disadvantage of this method of self-heating and hot water supply is low the ecology of the process due to the combustion of the propellant in the gas generator and a large flue gases together with the heat through the chimney with the overall decrease in heating and hot water efficiency. Accumulation of water in the heat storage tank and the expansion tank is insufficient for a prolonged period between starts of the heat generator.

The closest to the technical nature of the proposed method is an autonomous heating and hot water that is implemented in the gymnasium building of Kungsbacka in Sweden [2], which consists in obtaining heat from solar roof deck of the building, heated air as the heat transfer medium in solar collectors and feed it a supply conduit a heat pump driven by the internal combustion engine in subterranean heat accumulator installed beneath the building, then at an exit of the soil accumulator air heats the water in the storage tank and into the tank water heater, where the reverse conduit air pump recirculated, wherein heating in the storage tank produces exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, the cooling of which carries the water storage tank and the hot water from the tank heater enters the taps for economic purposes and which is circulated in the heating system for radiators premises as and enters the ventilation system with a heat exchanger for heating the air in the building premises.

The disadvantage of this method is the dependence of the heating and hot water system on the amount of solar radiation and sunny days a year, and that in the Far North and in the long winter in climatic regions with low air temperatures is not applicable. Thus, if this shortcoming is compensated with heat from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, the system efficiency is low, at great expense for fuel for the engine. The engine also operates mainly in the idling mode for generating hot exhaust gases as the air pump is pumping air only from the battery ground. It is necessary to take into account the severe environmental pollution from engine exhaust gases emitted through the chimney into the atmosphere.

Known autonomous heating system and hot water supply of residential houses on the water heater, built into the gasifier, for solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, comprising a heat storage tank for water, nepolzuemoy as a coolant, the gas generator of heat with integrated water heater, connected to a storage tank feed and return pipe, plumbing devices and expansion tank with the connected plumbing and discharge piping, the first of which wound up the inlet ring into the cavity of the expansion tank, the storage tank and the expansion tank connected to an additional circulation and pressure pipe and the chimney is equipped with thermal insulation heat accumulating in masonry. [1]

The disadvantages of this system are: use as a gasifier furnace or boiler to the chimney flue gas emissions of environmental pollution, but also low efficiency of the system due to release large quantities of heat with hot combustion gases to the atmosphere and accumulated by heat insufficient protection in the tank -akkumulyatore and the expansion tank, the heat capacity of water which is insufficient for a prolonged period between starts of the heat generator. The capacity of the system for heating and hot water plant industrial buildings and apartment houses may not be enough.

The closest to the technical nature to the proposed is autonomous heating system and hot water supply of residential buildings [2], including a heat generator in the form of solar panels built into the roof of the building cover, with a supply and return line for air, nepolzuemogo as a coolant, which is circulated an air pump driven by an internal combustion engine water jacket cooling which is connected to the discharge and inlet closed pipe, an air pump connected by air tubing in a closed circuit with ground heat accumulator on the one hand and to the storage tank on the other hand, the water jacket cooling the engine combustion connected in a closed circuit with storage tank, wherein the pressure of the engine duct is designed as a heating coil around the exhaust manifold, the storage tank with water as a coolant is connected in a closed circuit via conduit c-heater tank and after the radiators heating Improvement on the one hand and with the ventilation system with the heat exchanger on the other side.

The disadvantage of the known heating and hot water system is its low environmental friendliness due to venting of exhaust gases, and the low efficiency of work in the Far North and climatic regions with long winter, when little number of sunny days in a year, and heating is carried out only at the expense of exhaust heat of the engine of internal combustion with a significant flow of the liquid or gaseous fuel.

The technical result according to the method of autonomous heating and hot water supply of residential houses, involves the use of heat thermal energy generator by heating air and water coolant circulating in the pipes in a closed circuit, the launch of the internal combustion engine on the initial liquid or gaseous fuels, heat coolant engine exhaust and hot water, a water engine cooling, forced ventilation of premises with warm air from the heat exchanger, warming the premises of coolant batteries radiator, heating water in the boiler for domestic use and accumulation of heat in the heat capacity of the material, isolated in soil foundation under the house is achieved by the heat for heating and hot water is produced by pyrolysis of waste and hot debris and materials autoclave gas generators, heating and pyrolysis of combustible material to produce heat of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and teploelektronagrevateley, energizes the engine power generator, pyrolysis products - fuels and flue gases is used as a coolant in the system heat exchanger ventilation of indoor air and then condense into liquid fuel in a boiler with heat of its water, liquid fuel is used to operate the engine in operation, and the exhaust gases of the engine after the gas generator is used as a coolant for the battery of radiators, and then sent to the heat accumulation in the heat capacity materials, hereinafter - a boiler for heating water and noxious gases through the catalyst enters the atmosphere.

The proposed method of autonomous heating and hot water supply has increased efficiency in the implemented thereon heating systems due to the cycle is closed when the flammable waste products returned to the gas generator to the engine, and the output remains only ash, slag and soot used for fertilizer in the private sector and construction. According to the new method of no dependence on alternative energy sources, in particular solar radiation, and is used as fuel waste, combustible waste is construction waste and other waste materials to be disposed at the landfill, thus there is protection of the environment from pollution. Environmental protection of the environment occurs due to exhaust catalysis. Electrical energy from the electric motor can be used for lighting, domestic needs, but also for heating, which expands the scope of the proposed method. Thermal calculations show a significant receipt of heat by the proposed method, enough to heat 2-4 apartment buildings with 2-3 floors and subsistence crops. It becomes possible to reliable and low-cost heating greenhouses, livestock farms, industry and factory buildings and ancillary facilities, their independence appears in the electricity and hot water supply and heating from the central heating and water and electricity networks.

The technical result for the autonomous system of heating and hot water supply of residential houses, including sanitary devices and heated rooms of residential building with batteries radiators and ventilation system, heated by the heat exchanger air, closed pipe system to the flow rate, the internal combustion engine with a pump, a water cooling jacket connected with a water tank closed conduit with metering fuel and the collector of the exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger a water tank, but also the heat accumulator in the form of isolated material in soil foundation under the floor of the house surrounding pipe heat transfer is achieved in that the heat generator is in a turns on and unload the autoclave gas generators for the pyrolysis of waste, waste fuel and materials with built-in under the cover teploelektronositelyami, energizes the engine power generator, and a central stem for passing the exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold, the barrel through the pipeline at the outlet of the gas generator is connected to batteries radiators space heating, against which conduit with the exhaust gases as a heat carrier passes through insulated heat accumulator underfloor house and is connected with a water heater installed in the water tank in the form of a coil, and the output from the boiler is connected to the catalyst harmful gases laden combustible material to the pyrolysis chamber gasifier between the central barrel and the casing pipe teploelektronagrevateley connected with combustible gases and smoke as the heat transfer to the heat exchanger of the ventilation system, and more - with a separate coil in the water tank boiler to condense into liquid fuel for the engine of the dispenser.

The proposed system of heating and hot water supply is fully autonomous and does not depend on the central heating pipes and transmission grids, can be implemented in the areas of rural and suburban areas, in the areas of factory and industrial buildings and structures. The system has high efficiency, fuel for generating heat in the system is household waste, debris and other combustible materials are pyrolyzed without departing flue and unburned gases into the atmosphere. Pyrolysis products - combustible gases and liquid fuels derived from condensation of combustible gases is used to operate an internal combustion engine coupled to an electrical generator producing electricity for lighting and space for pyrolysis in gas generators operating on the principle of autoclaves. Start-up and operation in a given mode gas generators heaters provide heat and exhaust gases from the engine temperature at the outlet of the reservoir 2300 ° C, heating the thermal energy generators to 800 ° C. A mixture of fuel and flue gas entering the heat exchanger ventilation unit pumped hot air into the room, and Dalle - in boiler storage tank to condense into liquid motor fuel and heating water heating system is safe enough for the rooms, because it can work in the proposed system outside the home, and the exhaust from the engine reservoir gases coming into the trunk of the heat generator, then - in boiler storage tank for hot water heating system and after the boiler registers insulated heat battery in the soil foundation under the building, not pose to danger areas.

Brief Description of the drawing, which shows schematically an autonomous heating system and hot water supply of residential houses.

METHOD autonomous heating and hot water to a residential building and autonomous heating system and hot water supply residential building

Autonomous heating system contains alternately switch on and unload the autoclave gas generators 1 with built-in under the cover 2 teploelektronagrevatelyami 3, loading and unloading hatches 4, 5 with sealed lids 6 and 7 and with the central trunk 8, intended for the pyrolysis of municipal waste, combustible waste materials accumulated in hoppers 9a and the internal combustion engine 10 with a water cooling jacket 11 and a water pump (the diagram is not shown) with the collector 12, the exhaust gases are used as coolants and with dispenser 13, liquid and gaseous fuels, connected through a coupling 14 electric generator 15 to generate electric current for teploelektronagrevateley 3 and lighting facilities. The rooms are equipped with home ventilation for heating warm air, consisting of an air inlet of the fan 16, boxes with built-in heat exchanger 17 and the ventilation windows 18 and slots 19, facing in the basement and in the side walls and the radiators and 20 radiators. Under the floor 21 in the subgrade house arranged heat accumulator 22, in the form of a closed detention center in the 23 heat of the material 24, which is used as cobblestone, gravel and sand, hiding the line 25 with the exhaust gases as a heat carrier. Hot water system (sm. drawing) consists of a water tank for 26 with heated sanitary water needs of 27, made with double walls forming the container 28 for cooling water from the cooling water jacket 11 of the engine 10, and a built-in water heater 29, made in the form of two coils 30 and 31 with the hot heat transfer media, which are used as respectively the exhaust gases from the heat accumulator 22, and smoke and combustible gases coming from the heat exchanger 17 of the ventilation system. At the outlet of the water tank 26, a coil 30 is associated with the catalyst 32 from the exhaust gases of harmful exhaust gases emitted into atmosphere after the catalyst, and the coil 31 of the condensed liquid fuel and combustible flue gases through a conduit 33 connected to the dispenser 13 of the engine 10. The water tank 26 with heated water through a conduit 34 connected to sanitation devices. Volume 28 of the water tank 26 through the inlet 35 and the discharge conduit 36 ​​is connected with a water cooling jacket 11 of the engine 10. The collectors 12, engine exhaust 10 associated with a central stem 8 gasifiers 1 through conduit 37. Barrel 8 inflator 1 is connected to heat exchanger 17 through the ventilation conduit 41 and 17 associated with the heat exchanger coil 31 conduit 39. The cavity 40 of the gasifier 1 loaded pyrolysis combustible material, connected the conduit 38 to the radiators battery 20 connected with the outlet pipe 25 in the heat accumulator 22.

Autonomous heating residential building system works as follows. From the hopper 9, the accumulated waste, combustible waste materials are fed through the boot window 4 in the cavity 40 of autoclave gas generators 1 and is sealed lids 6. On the source liquid or gaseous fuels start internal combustion engine 10 and from it through an electric clutch 14, 15, electrical energy current which goes to heating fuels from teploelektronagrevateley 3 under the cover 2, and on the lighting and household needs, and the exhaust gases with the temperature 2300 ° C from the engine manifold 12 via line 37 is sent to the central bore 8 of gas generator 1 to its heating and pyrolysis of combustible materials at a temperature of 800 ° C and further at the outlet of the gasifier - via line 38 into the battery radiators 20 space heating homes, after which they were fed into the conduit 25 of the heat accumulator 22, in which heat is transferred from the exhaust heat capacity material 24 (gravel, cobbles, sand et al.), mounted in an insulator 23 under the floor 21 Improvement in soil foundation at home, and then via line exhaust gases are directed to the coil 30 of the boiler 29 embedded in the water tank 26, to produce hot water, and after the catalyst 32 and the purification of noxious gases is directed into the atmosphere. Combustible and flue gases from the vessel of the gasifier as heat transfer agents - pyrolysis products fed through line 41, first in a heat exchanger 17 embedded in the ventilation duct with a fan 16 for the supply of warm air for space heating through the slots 19 in the walls of the house and through a window 18 beneath the floor 21. After the heat exchanger 17 and combustible flue gases are fed via conduit 39 to the coil 31 of the boiler 29, where it is condensed into liquid fuel supplied to the outlet of the water tank 26 through conduit 33 to the engine 10. The fuel dispenser 13, the engine cooling water 10 from the water jacket 11 , heating, steam engine pump (not shown) is fed through flow line 35 into the heated container 28 of the water tank 26 loses heat to the tank heating water from the supply line 36 is returned cooled into the cooling jacket on November 10, maintaining the operating temperature of 93 ° C . The heated water tank 26 in the hot water flows through line 34 into the sanitary unit. FINANCE alternately discharged after pyrolysis of combustible material by emission of soot, ash and slag handling through the window 5 after opening the lids 7. Between 1 alternately starts gas generators used heat accumulated in the heat accumulator 22.

The proposed method on the basis of an autonomous heating system and hot water supply is implemented in the factory "Tverstroymash" and will disable the factory premises of the central heating mains and power grids of the city, shut down periodically due to a lack of energy. This will allow the company to go on a stand-alone independent heating, hot water and lighting, while the manufacturing recycled combustible waste, tires, municipal waste going to kill in gas generators without the emission of harmful residues in the environment. Significant savings on the purchase of expensive energy sources (coal, gas, etc..), Waste disposal, transport costs. centralized waste collection organization for its use in gas generators of the plant will allow to solve urban problems by utilization of domestic and industrial waste, including processed tires. It is suitable for receiving and saving large amount of heat to use the proposed method for autonomous heating and hot water supply of several summer houses or cottages, and even entire towns that depend on the capacity and the number of autoclave gas generators. There is considerable interest of industrialists, individuals and municipal services in the speedy implementation of the present invention.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. SU 1295157 A1, 02.01.1985.

2. Borisov VI and others. Your home. The benefit of individual builders, Tver, IPP "Prometheus": M .: Kolos, 1994, s.308-309.

CLAIM

1. A method for autonomous heating and hot water supply of residential houses, including the use of thermal energy generator of heat by heating the gas and water coolant circulating in the pipes in a closed circuit, the launch of the internal combustion engine on the initial liquid or gaseous fuels, heat transfer heat engine exhaust and hot water water engine cooling system, forced ventilation of premises with warm air from the heat exchanger, warming the premises of coolant batteries radiator, heating water in the boiler for domestic use and accumulation of heat in the heat capacity of the material, isolated in soil foundation under the house, wherein the heat for heating and hot water is produced by pyrolysis of waste and waste fuel and materials in the autoclave gas generators, heating and pyrolysis of combustible material to produce heat of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and teploelektronagrevateley, energizes the engine power generator, the pyrolysis products - fuels and flue gases is used as a coolant in the heat exchanger of the ventilation system indoor air and then condense into liquid fuel in a boiler to heat water, liquid fuel is used to operate the engine in operation, and the exhaust gases of the engine after the gas generator is used as a coolant radiator battery is then sent to the heat accumulation in the heat capacity materials, then - in boiler for hot water and noxious gases through the catalytic converter - into the atmosphere.

2. Autonomous heating system and hot water supply of residential houses, including sanitary devices and heated rooms of an apartment house with radiators batteries and ventilation system, heated by the heat exchanger air, closed pipe system to the flow rate, the internal combustion engine with a pump with a water cooling jacket connected with a water tank closed water pipe with dispenser fuel manifold exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger a water tank, but also the heat accumulator of an insulated heat of the material in the soil foundation under the floor of the house surrounding the coolant lines, characterized in that the heat generator is in the form of turns on and unload the autoclave gas generators for the pyrolysis of waste, waste fuel and materials with built-in under the cover teploelektronagrevatelyami, energizes the engine power generator, and a central stem for passing the exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold, the barrel through the pipeline at the outlet of the gas generator is connected to radiators space heating batteries, from which the conduit with the exhaust gases as a heat carrier passes through insulated heat accumulator underfloor house and is connected with a water heater installed in the water tank in the form of a coil, and the output from the boiler is connected to the catalyst harmful gases loaded with combustible materials for pyrolysis gasifier cavity between the central barrel and the casing pipe teploelektronagrevateley connected with combustible gases and smoke as the heat transfer to the heat exchanger of the ventilation system, and more - with a separate coil in the water tank boiler to condense into liquid fuel for the engine of the dispenser.

print version
Publication date 25.01.2007gg