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SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2271500

METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MOBILE MULTICAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION

METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MOBILE MULTICAL
FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The name of the inventor: Yezhov Vladimir Sergeevich (RU); Mamayeva Diana Vladimirovna (RU); Levit Vladimir Alexandrovich
The name of the patent holder: State Educational Institution Kursk State Technical University (GOU KurskTU)
Address for correspondence: 305040, Kursk, ul. 50 years of October, 94, Kursk STU, MS, vice-rector for scientific work S.G. Emelianov
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.05.24

The invention relates to heat power engineering, namely heat supply, and can be used for autonomous heat supply in ordinary and emergency situations. The technical task of the invention is to provide environmentally and economically efficient mobile heat supply, including for emergency situations. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of autonomous heat supply includes heating of circulating water in a hot-water boiler operating under supercharging in a pulsating mode, feeding it to a heating system, utilizing the heat of outgoing flue gases, cleaning them of harmful impurities, disposing of trapped components by cooling the smoke Gases to a temperature below the condensation temperature of the water vapor contained therein, the mixing of partially cooled flue gases with ozone and oxygen, the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide, its absorption with the formation of nitric acid, the absorption of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide residues by slaked lime in a multicore consisting of N gas hot-water boilers, each of which is equipped with a hot water heater, a circulation pump, a cleaning and disposal unit, a storage tank with a sludge settler, an air blower, associated pipelines, fittings and instrumentation and is installed together with this equipment on a separate platform, Between itself and external systems by the return water collectors, the tap water, the heating system, and the flue gas main.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed invention relates to heat power engineering, namely heat supply, and can be used for autonomous heat supply in ordinary and emergency situations.

A heat supply system is known that includes a gas-fired boiler, central heating and hot water circuits, a deaerator, an economizer and a surface heat exchanger-heater [1].

The disadvantages of the well-known heat supply system are the need for complex and cumbersome equipment for chemical water purification and deaeration of feedwater, the inability to utilize the heat of the flue gases leaving and their purification, which does not allow using it for autonomous heat supply in emergency situations.

More closely related to the technical essence of the present invention is a heat supply method, which includes heating the water in a gas hot water boiler, supplying it to a heating system, utilizing the heat of the exhaust flue gases by heating them with blowing air, then fed to a boiler furnace in a boiler house containing a water heating boiler connected With pipelines of circulating heat supply (hot and return water of the heating system), a system (unit) for the utilization of flue gas heat with a calorifer placed in it (heat exchanger-air heater). A hot air duct connected to the boiler furnace, a fan, a flue gas outlet connected to a chimney [2].

The main disadvantages of the known method of heat supply are the impossibility of cleaning flue gases and utilization of trapped components, which reduces its economic and environmental efficiency, the need to ensure that the boiler is fed with purified water from an extraneous source of water supply, which does not allow it to be used for autonomous heat supply in emergency situations.

The main disadvantages of the well-known boiler house are the lack of equipment for flue gas cleaning and utilization of trapped components, which reduces the economic and environmental efficiency of its operation, the lack of equipment for obtaining make-up water, the impossibility of compactly assembling one boiler with its equipment (due to its cumbersomeness) on a single mobile platform, The complexity of the parallel compact arrangement of several boilers with their equipment placed on separate mobile platforms, which does not allow the use of the boiler house as a mobile unit of autonomous heat supply, limits the range of its heat output and the possibility of its use in emergency situations, for example, in the case of a central heating failure

The technical task, the solution of which is directed to the proposed invention, is to provide environmentally and economically efficient mobile autonomous heat supply, including for emergency situations.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed method of autonomous heat supply includes heating of circulating water in a hot-water boiler operating under the supercharging in a pulsating mode, feeding it into the heating system, utilizing the heat of the outgoing flue gases in the heat exchanger of the purification and utilization unit, the heated air from which Fed to the furnace of the boiler, the mixing of partially cooled flue gases with ozone and oxygen liberated from the saturated condensate at the inlet to the condensation absorption section, further cooling to a temperature below the condensation temperature of the water vapor contained therein, to form a fresh condensate film that mixes with the saturated condensate Flowing from the distribution chutes, on the walls of the gas channels of the plate condenser, with the flue gas moving from top to bottom in countercurrent with the blown air heated through the wall and contact with the condensate film, and flowing from the top down, parallel to the course of chemical oxidation reactions in the gas and liquid phases of nitric oxide (NO 2 ) into easily soluble nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which is readily absorbed by the condensate to form nitric acid (HNO 3 ), after which the acidic condensate saturated with acidic components flows into the acid condensate collection pocket, one part of it sufficient for carrying out the process of absorption of oxides Nitrogen is lifted along the airlift lifting line in the form of a gas-liquid emulsion formed as a result of mixing with an ozone-air mixture, saturated with ozone and oxygen along the way, forming a saturated condensate that rises to the collection pocket of saturated condensate and flows down through the distribution trays with simultaneous desorption of part of the ozone And oxygen, mixing with fresh condensate, and the other part of the acid condensate flows into the drain pan for cleaning the condensate of the purification section, where the cooled flue gases come from below upwards, between parallel corrugated perforated plates coated with a slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) (NO), drops of acid condensate, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), with the formation of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 2 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)), NO 3 ) 2 ), after which the flue gases purified of most of the harmful impurities are separated from the entrained drops of condensate and discharged to the atmosphere, and the condensate accumulated in the pan is mixed with a solution of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) in an amount sufficient for Binding of acidic components and carbon dioxide dissolved in acidic condensate, as a result of which calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 and insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) are formed in the condensate in the form of a slurry, after which the reacted condensate is withdrawn from the purification unit , Cleaned of the sludge by precipitation and fed to the heating system.

The technical task is also solved by the fact that for the implementation of autonomous heat supply, including in emergency situations, the mobile multi-boiler consists of N gas boilers, each of which is equipped with a hot water supply (DHW) heater, a circulation pump, a cleaning and utilization unit ), A storage tank with a sludge separator (NBS), an air blower, associated pipelines, fittings and instrumentation (KPI) and is installed together with this equipment on a separate platform and interconnected with each other and external systems of return water, tap water, hot water, Heating system, the main line of flue gases, and the BWU is made in the form of a rectangular box equipped with flue gas inlet (DG), the outlet of cleaned DG, the inlet of the blasting air (DV), the ozono-air mixture feed and the reacted condensate outlet, inside which, , A heat exchange section consisting of a hot air collector connected through a hot DW pipe to a boiler furnace, a plate heat exchanger consisting of vertical plates, between which are slotted gas channels communicating with the branch pipe of the DG inlet and the flow collector DW, air ducts communicating with the manifold Hot DW, a condensation-absorption section consisting of the right-hand part of the DG overflow manifold, a distribution pocket with distribution chutes, a plate condenser whose plates are made of corrosion-resistant material, and there are slotted gas channels interposed between them at the top with a flow chamber, A window with a collector of cooled DG cleaning section, from below muffled by inclined strips and air channels communicating from above through a window with air channels of a plate heat exchanger, from below with a collector of cold DW connected through a cold air inlet with an air blower, an acid condensate collecting pocket in which the lifting An air-lift pipe connected through a supply pipe of an ozone-air mixture and an ozonizer with an air blower, and on top with a bottom of the distributive pocket of saturated condensate, a cleaning section consisting of a condensate collection tray, a reagent pocket connected to distribution trays and a reagent doser, a collector of cooled DH , Packets of vertical parallel corrugated perforated plates covered with a layer of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) and separation plates.

METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MOBILE MULTICAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MOBILE MULTICAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The implementation of this autonomous heat supply method is carried out in the mobile multi-boiler shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which consists of N gas boilers 1, each of which is connected separately by circulating water to the return water collector 2, via hot water through a DHW heater 3 connected to A collector of tap water 4 and a DHW header 5, a circulation pump 6 with a heating system collector 7, a flue gas and a DV in its lower part with a BFU 8 equipped with a BNS 9 and an air blower 10 and connected to a DG 11 pipeline, the boiler 1, a heater DHW 3, circulating pump 6 BFU 8, NBS 9, fan 10 with the appropriate pipelines, fittings and instrumentation are installed on the same platform, and BOC 8 is made in the form of a rectangular box equipped with DG inlet pipes, purified DW outlet, DV input, hot DV output 12, 13, 14, 15, respectively, supplying the ozone-air mixture and the output of the reacted condensate 16, 17, respectively, within which a heat exchange section 18 consisting of a collector of hot DW 19, a plate heat exchanger 20 consisting of vertical plates 21, between The gas and air channels 22 and 23, respectively, and the overflow manifold 24, the condensation-absorption section 25 consisting of the right side of the overflow manifold 24, the distribution pocket 26 with the distribution chutes 27, the plate condenser 28, the plate 29 of which are made of corrosion- Resistant material, and between them are slot channels 22 with windows 30 in the lower side part, obliterated from below at some angle by strips 31, air channels 23 communicating laterally in the upper part of condenser 28 with similar air passages 23 of plate heat exchanger 20 through air windows 32, And below with a collector of cold DV 33 connected through a branch of a cold DW 14 with an air blower 10, an acid condensate collection pocket 34 into which an air lift lift pipe 35 is immersed, communicating via a choke 16 and an ozonator 36 with an air blower 10, top with a distributor pocket bottom 26, a purification section 37 consisting of a condensate collection tray 38, a reagent pocket 39 connected to the distribution trays of reagent 40 and a reagent dispenser 41, a collector of cooled DH 42, packets of vertical parallel corrugated perforated plates 43 covered with a slaked lime layer (Ca (OH) 2 ) 44, with holes 45 and outer covers 46, separation plates 47.

The proposed method of autonomous heat supply is implemented in a mobile multi-boiler as follows. Upon arrival to the object of autonomous heat supply, the platforms with boiler 1, DHW heater 3, circulation pump 6, BOU 8, NBS 9 and fan 10 with appropriate pipelines and fittings are installed in a suitable room, connected to common collectors of return water 2, tap water 4, systems DHW 5, heating systems 7, flue gas lines 11, which are connected to the respective local systems, fill the boilers 1, the total heating system and the pockets for collecting acid condensate BWU 8 with tap water or water from the nearest pond, after which the boilers 1 with other equipment Work and begin to implement the heat supply of the facility. In this case, the DG from each boiler 1 through the branch pipe of the input DG 12 comes in a pulsating mode, which intensifies the subsequent heat and mass exchange processes [3, p.573], with a frequency and amplitude of pulsations equal to (60-80) Hz and (50-60) Pa Respectively, into its BOP 8, namely into the gas passages 22 of the plate heat exchanger 20, whose design, in comparison with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, provides a higher rate of heat transfer [4, p.272], [5, p. 316], moving from bottom to top, A temperature close to the condensation temperature in the DW of the water vapor due to heat exchange through the vertical plates 21 in countercurrent with the LW moving downwardly through the air channels 23, heating it, after which the heated air enters the furnace of the boiler 1, and partially cooled DWs through An overflow manifold 24 where it is mixed with ozone and oxygen liberated from the saturated condensate draining from the distribution chutes 27, moving from top to bottom, enters the gas passages 22 of the plate condenser 28 of the condensation-absorption section 25 where they are cooled to a temperature of (40-50) ° C, at which 50-60% of the water vapor in the DW is condensed due to heat exchange through the walls of the vertical plates 29 with the LW flow moving upwardly through the air channels 23 from the cold DW collector 33 to which it is pumped by the blower 10, With the formation of fresh condensate, which is mixed with the condensate, saturated acid components, ozone and oxygen flowing from the distribution chutes 27, and the resulting mixture flows along the surface of the plates 29 as a film, interacting with it in a straight-through manner, which reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the absorption process, c (NO x ) with oxidation to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and absorption by its condensate to form nitric acid (HNO 3 ) [6, p.275], [7, p.348], after which the saturated Acid condensate escapes along the sloping bottoms of gas channels 22 to the collection pocket of acid condensate 34, from which part of it in an amount sufficient to carry out the process of absorption of nitrogen oxides rises along the lift pipe of airlift 35 in the form of a gas-liquid emulsion [8, p.8] Formed as a result of mixing with the ozone-air flow through the nozzle 16 from the ozonizer 36, where ozonization of a part of the air (2-3)% supplied by the fan 10 occurs simultaneously, saturation of the acid condensate with ozone and oxygen occurs, further oxidation of nitrogen oxides, formation of nitric acid , Into the dispensing pocket 26 and from there to the distribution chutes 27, after which the cycle is repeated, and the other part of the acid condensate through the side of the pocket 34 flows into the condensate cleaning tray 38 of the cleaning section 37, through which the cooled DW enters through the window 30 and the manifold 42, moving From bottom to top, are distributed between vertical parallel corrugated (which increases the adhesion properties of the surface) with perforated plates 43 covered with a slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) layer, with which the chemical reactions of NOx residues in DW occur, (Ca 2 NO 2 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ) [ 2 ] and [ 2 ] 6, p.415, 483], [8, p.406], [9, p.227], after which most of the detrimental impurities (NO x , CO 2 , water vapor) of the DG, (Ca (OH) 2 ) (reagent), the amount of which is determined from the stoichiometric coefficients of the chemical reaction of hydrated lime (Ca (OH)), which is removed from the entrained drops of condensate, and are discharged to the atmosphere, and the acid condensate in the pan 38 is mixed with a solution of hydrated lime ) 2 ) with nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in an acidic condensate that is supplied from the reagent doser 41 through the reagent pocket 39 and the distribution trays 40 to the tray 38, after which the reacted condensate with a slurry representing A mixture of calcium nitrate and calcium carbonate is removed from the sump 38 through the nipple 17 in the NBS 9 where it is freed from the sludge by precipitation and the purified from the aforementioned substances is fed to the heating system.

The spent packages of corrugated perforated plates 43 are changed to regenerated one by one in order not to disturb the aerodynamic regime during operation of the boiler unit. The regeneration process is that the waste plates are cleaned from the coating layer 44, which after use consists of a mixture of calcium carbonate, nitrite and calcium nitrate, and again covered with a slaked lime layer, and then reused to clean the DH. Waste coating layer 44 and SNS slurry 9 are nitrogen-containing substances and can be used as nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture [10, p.227].

Thus, the proposed method allows to carry out autonomous heat supply, including in emergency situations, the proposed mobile multi-boiler, in which, in addition to utilizing the heat of departing DGs, the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is significantly reduced without the use of expensive and harmful reagents, as circulating water uses water vapor condensate , Caught from DG, and trapped harmful components (nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide) are transformed into nitrogen fertilizers for agriculture.

REFERENCES

1. Ac. USSR № 802723, Mkl. F 24 D 3/08, 1981.

2. A.c. USSR № 1831638, Mkl. F 24 D 3/00, 1993.

3. Kasatkin AG Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology. - Moscow: Chemistry, 1971, 784 p.

4. Mikheev MA Fundamentals of heat transfer. - Moscow: Energia, 1973, 320 p.

5. Water heating networks. / Reference book. / Edited by NK Gromov and others. - Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1988, 376 p.

6. Nenetsesku K. General Chemistry. - Moscow: Mir, 1968, 816 p.

7. A. Kutepov. General chemical technology. - Moscow: Higher School, 1985, 448 p.

8. Poralo L.V. Air-gas lifts for liquids. - Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1969, 160 p.

9. Abramov N.I. Water supply. - Moscow: Gostroizdat, 1960, 579 p.

10. Pozin ME Technology of mineral fertilizers. - L .: Chemistry, 1983, 360 p.

CLAIM

1. A method of autonomous heat supply, including the heating of circulating water in a hot-water boiler, its supply to a heating system, the utilization of the heat of the outgoing flue gases in the heat exchanger, the heated air from which is supplied to the boiler furnace, characterized in that the gas boiler operates under supercharging in Pulsating mode, at which further heat and mass exchange processes occur, partially cooled flue gases are mixed with ozone and oxygen liberated from the saturated condensate, they are cooled to a temperature below the condensation temperature of the water vapor contained therein to form a fresh condensate film that mixes with a saturated condensate flowing down From the distribution chutes, on the walls of the gas ducts of the plate condenser, when flue gases move from top to bottom countercurrent with the blown air heated through the wall and contact with the condensate film, and flowing downwards, parallel to the chemical oxidation reactions in the gas and liquid phases of nitric oxide (NO ) Into easily soluble nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which is easily absorbed by the condensate to form nitric acid (HNO 3 ), after which the acidic condensate saturated with acidic components flows into the acid condensate collection pocket, one part of it, sufficient for the absorption of nitrogen oxides, rises By the airlift lifting pipe in the form of a gas-liquid emulsion formed as a result of mixing with the ozone-air mixture, saturated with ozone and oxygen along the way, forming a saturated condensate that rises to the collection pocket of saturated condensate and flows down through the distribution trays with simultaneous desorption of part of the ozone and oxygen, Mixing with fresh condensate, and the other part of the acid condensate flows into the drain pan for cleaning the condensate of the cleaning section, where the cooled flue gases also flow, moving upwards between parallel corrugated perforated plates coated with a slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) Chemical reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), drops of acid condensate, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) remaining in the combustion gases to form calcium nitrate (Ca (NO) 2 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ), after which the flue gases purified of most of the harmful impurities are separated from the entrained drops of condensate and discharged to the atmosphere, and the condensate accumulated in the pan is mixed with a solution of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) in an amount sufficient to bind acidic components And carbon dioxide dissolved in the acid condensate, whereby calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 and insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), formed in the condensate in the form of slurry, are formed therein, after which the condensate is reacted out of the purification unit, purified from Sludge by precipitation and fed to the heating system.

2. Mobile multi-boiler for autonomous heat supply, including in emergency situations, including a water-heating gas boiler connected to the pipes of the circulating coolant with the fittings, a unit for the utilization of flue gas heat with a heat exchanger placed in it, a hot air duct connected to the boiler furnace, a fan , A main line for flue gas discharge, characterized by the fact that it consists of N pulsating gas boilers, each of which is equipped with a hot water heater, a circulation pump, a cleaning and disposal unit, a storage tank with a sludge settler and is installed together with this equipment on a separate platform and connected Between them and external systems by the collectors of circulating water, tap water, hot water supply, heating system, the cleaning and recycling unit is made in the form of a rectangular box equipped with flue gas inlet pipes, cleaned air intake, blowing air inlet, ozone-air mixture fittings and the output of the reacted condensate , Inside which a heat exchange section consisting of a hot air collector connected through a hot air tube with a boiler furnace, a plate heat exchanger consisting of vertical plates, between which are located slotted gas channels communicating with the branch pipe of the flue gas inlet and the flow-through Collector, air channels communicating with the hot air collector, a condensation-absorption section consisting of the right part of the overflow manifold, a distribution pocket with distribution chutes, a plate condenser whose plates are made of corrosion-resistant material, and between them are slotted gas channels communicating at the top With the overflow chamber, side of the cleaning section through the window with the collector of the cooled flue gases, from the bottom muffled by inclined strips, and the air channels communicating from above through the window with the air channels of the plate heat exchanger, from below with the cold air collector connected through the cold air duct with the blowing fan, Collecting the acid condensate into which the air lift lifting pipe is connected, connected through the supply pipe of the ozone-air mixture and the ozonizer with the blowing fan, and on top with the bottom of the distributive pocket of the saturated condensate, the cleaning section consisting of a tray for collecting acid condensate, a pocket for the reagent connected to the distribution Trays and dispenser of the reagent, a collector of cooled flue gases, packages of vertical parallel corrugated perforated plates coated with a slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) layer, and separation plates.

print version
Date of publication 25.01.2007gg