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SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONSUMER HEAT SUPPLY
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2280815

METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MINORITY FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY AND MINORITY FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The name of the inventor: Yezhov Vladimir Sergeevich (RU); Semicheva Natalia Evgenievna (RU); Mamontov Aleksey Yurievich
The name of the patent holder: State Educational Institution Kursk State Technical University (GOU KurskTU)
Address for correspondence: 305040, Kursk, ul. 50 years of October, 94, KSTU, MS, pro-rector on scientific work of KSTU
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.04.26

The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in autonomous heat supply, namely for autonomous heat supply of one or several buildings. The technical result: increase of ecological and economic efficiency of autonomous heat supply. A method of autonomous heat supply, which includes heating the water in the gas boiler with combustion products, supplying it to the supply pipe of the heating and hot water supply system, the supply of cooled water into the return pipeline and from there to the gas boiler, where the flue gases leaving the boiler are cooled by external and blowing air to a temperature below The dew point through the wall in the flue gas duct and the plate heat exchanger of the heat exchange-absorption section with simultaneous heating of the blown air fed further to the furnace of the boiler, followed by the formation of a condensation of water vapor which, in the form of a film, flows downward, mixing with a condensate saturated with acidic components , Oxygen and ozone, reacts with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) to form nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and further formation of nitric acid (NHO 3 ). After that, the flue gases rise upward into the reaction separation section, where further oxidation of nitrogen oxides and the formation of nitric acid take place, trapping of condensate droplets on the surface of the nozzle covered with hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), with which reaction reactions occur in the smoke Carbon dioxide (CO 3 ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitric acid in condensate drops to form calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 2 ) 2 ), calcium nitrate (NO 3 ) 2 ), after which the flue gases pass between the baffles, are freed from the drops of the entrained condensate and freed from harmful impurities, are discharged to the atmosphere, and the trapped drops of condensate saturated with acidic components fall down from the baffles to the gas channels of the plate heat exchanger And mix with a mixture of fresh and saturated acid condensate that flows from the distribution chutes along the walls of the gas channels, which interacts with the flue gases, then flows into the lower condensate collection pocket and mixes with the ozone-air mixture to form a gas-liquid emulsion in which the oxidation and absorption processes begin Oxides of nitrogen with the formation of acidic components rising due to their low specific gravity to the upper condensate collecting pocket and the distribution trays of the heat exchange-absorption section, and the other part of the condensate, equal to the weighted amount of condensed water vapor, flows into the condensate cleaning section, where in the horizontal perforated (Ca (OH) 2 ), the condensate is purified from the acidic components to form calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ) remaining on the surface of the nozzle, after which the purified condensate from the pallet flows into the accumulation tank with the sludge settler , Where it is cleaned of sludge and, if necessary, added to the heating system. And a mini-boiler room for autonomous heat supply is described.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in autonomous heat supply, namely for autonomous heat supply of one or several buildings.

A heat supply system is known that includes a boiler operating on gas, a contact economizer, a central water heating circuit with a surface heat exchanger-heater, a hot water circuit with a surface heat exchanger-heater and a storage tank, a chemical water purification system and an atmospheric deaerator, Outgoing gases due to the fact that the surface heat exchanger-hot water heater, the contact economizer and the atmospheric deaerator are connected in series in this order along the water flow into the heating circuit after the consumer [1].

The disadvantages of the known heat supply system are the low environmental and technological efficiency of the system, due to the lack of equipment for cleaning the flue gases of the boiler unit from harmful impurities, low system profitability due to the need for equipment for chemical water purification, and the cumbersome structure that does not allow the system to be used for autonomous heat supply (for example, Roof boiler rooms).

More closely related to the technical essence of the invention is the method of autonomous heat supply of a residential house, which includes heating the water in a gas generator of heat (boiler) with combustion products (flue gases), feeding it into the heating system supply pipe, the arrival of cooled water in the return pipeline with the subsequent Its supply to the gas generator of heat [2].

The method of autonomous heat supply is implemented in the heat supply system of a residential house containing a gas generator with the burners installed in the upper part of the main riser connected to it, with the supply and return pipelines of the heating system connected to it, the pipelines of the hot water supply system.

The main disadvantages of the known method of autonomous heat supply include the lack of the possibility of using the heat of the outgoing flue gases, their cleaning from harmful impurities and the disposal of these impurities, the need to compensate for heat carrier losses by adding purified water to the heat supply system, which reduces the ecological and economic efficiency of autonomous heat supply.

The main drawbacks of the known system of autonomous heat supply are the lack of equipment for cleaning off flue gases from harmful impurities and the utilization of these impurities, which reduces the ecological and economic efficiency of the autonomous heat supply system.

The technical task, the solution of which is directed to the proposed invention, is to increase the ecological and economic efficiency of autonomous heat supply by cleaning flue gases from harmful impurities and their utilization, realized in a mini-boiler where a gas boiler and a flue gas cleaning and utilization unit are located in one compact apparatus.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed method includes heating the water in the gas boiler with combustion products, supplying it to the supply pipe of the heating and hot water supply system, supply of cooled water into the return pipeline and from there to the gas boiler, cooling the outgoing flue gases from the boiler to the outside and Blowing air up to a temperature below the dew point through the wall in the flue gas box and the plate heat exchanger of the heat exchange-absorption section with simultaneous heating of the blasting air fed further to the furnace of the boiler, the formation of water vapor condensate which, in the form of a film, flows downward, mixing with the condensate, Acid and ozone interacts with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) to form nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and further formation of nitric acid (HNO 3 ), whereupon the flue gases are raised upward to the reaction separation section where further oxidation of oxides occurs Nitrogen and nitric acid formation, trapping of condensate droplets, and on the surface of a plate covered with slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) with which reaction reactions occur in the flue gases of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitric acid in the drops of condensate to form calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 2 ) 2 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ), after which the flue gases pass between the baffles, Freed from droplets of entrained condensate and cleaned of harmful impurities, are discharged to the atmosphere, and trapped drops of condensate saturated with acidic components fall down from the baffles to the gas channels of the plate heat exchanger and mix with a mixture of fresh and saturated acid condensate flowing out of the distribution trays along the walls Gas channels, interacts with flue gases, then drains into the lower pocket to collect condensate and mixes with the ozone-air mixture to form a gas-liquid emulsion in which the processes of oxidation and absorption of nitrogen oxides begin to form with the formation of acid components that rise due to their low specific gravity into the upper pocket Condensate collection and distribution chutes of the heat exchange-absorption section, the other part of the condensate equal to the condensed water vapor flows into the condensate cleaning section, where in a horizontal perforated container with a cover covered with slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), the condensate is purified from acidic c Formation of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ) remaining on the surface of the nozzle, after which the purified condensate from the pallet flows into the storage tank with the sludge settler, where it is cleaned of the sludge and, if necessary, is added to the heating system.

The set technical task is realized in a mini-boiler comprising a gas boiler connected to a heating and hot water supply system and a top cover with a flue gas treatment area through an air box connected to the fuel supply unit in the boiler's embrasure overlaid on the external walls of the boiler and Processing zones and communicating through the slots in the housing of the treatment zone with air channels and through the flue gas box superimposed on the air box and communicating through the slots in the body of the processing zone with gas channels and connected to the boiler through a window and a flue gas manifold that is separated from the internal cavity The treatment zone of the inclined board forming the bottom of the pallet of the treatment zone, which further contains a bottom-up condensate cleaning section with a horizontal perforated container with a cover covered with a slaked lime layer (Ca (OH) 2 ), a bottom condensate collecting pocket connected to inclined trays For the collection of condensate, with the airlift lifting pipe placed therein for lifting the gas-liquid emulsion into the upper pocket, the heat exchange-absorption section with the distribution chutes placed in it and the plate heat exchanger with the cold air connection, the reaction separation section containing the vertical perforated containers with the packing covered Layer of slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), baffles, flue gas outlet, and a blower connected by ducts to a cold air connection, an ozonizer and an air lift lifting tub, a storage tank with a sludge settler connected to the return line of the heating system with a boiler .

- Drawing -

The implementation of the proposed method of autonomous heat supply is carried out in a mini-boiler, represented in the drawing, which contains a boiler 1 connected to its upper cover by a vertical shell of a mine type of the flue gas treatment zone 2, equipped with a cold air inlet 3, a flue gas outlet 4 with an exhaust fan - a smoke exhaust fan 5 superimposed on the outer walls of the boiler 1 and the casing 2 of the air duct 6 connected to the fuel supply unit 7 on the embrasure of the boiler 1 which is communicated through the slots in the casing 2 with air channels 8 superimposed on the air box 6, the flue gas duct 9 connected With the boiler 1 through the window 10 and the flue gas collector 11, and with the housing 2 through the slots therein with the gas passages 12, the inner cavity of the body 2 being separated from the flue gas collector 11 by the inclined board 13 forming the bottom of the pallet 14 above which in the body cavity 2, the condensate cleaning section 15 is alternately arranged containing a horizontal perforated container with a cover covered with a slaked lime Ca (OH) 2 16, a lower condensate collecting pocket 17 connected to inclined trays for collecting condensate 18 into which the lift pipe of the airlift 19 is lowered, Connected to an upper pocket for collecting condensate 20 and distribution chutes 21 placed in a heat exchange-absorption section 22 in which a plate heat exchanger 23 made of corrosion-resistant material is placed, a reaction separation section 24 in which vertical perforated containers with a packing , Covered with a Ca (OH) 2 25 layer, the baffles 26 and at the same time separate from the boiler 1 and the flue gas treatment zone body 2 adjoining to it, an air blower 27 is connected, connected by air ducts to the cold air connection 3 and through an ozonator 28 with an air lift pipe 19, a storage tank with a sludge settler 29 connected to the return pipe of the heating system via the circulation pump 30, to the boiler 1 connected in turn by pipelines with water, heating and hot water supply.

The proposed method of autonomous heat supply is implemented in the proposed mini-boiler as follows. Before start-up, boiler 1 together with the heating (CO) and hot water supply (DHW) system is filled with tap water, after which the boiler 1 is put into operation. Smoke gases from the boiler 1 through the flue gas collector 11 and the window 10 enter the flue gas duct 9 where, through the outer wall, they are cooled by the flow of external air, and through the inner wall are countercurrently cooled by a stream of blast air moving in the air box 6, In the case 2 enter the gas passages 12 of the plate heat exchanger 23, whose design allows, in comparison with others, to intensify the heat transfer process and reduce the aerodynamic resistance [3, p. 272], [4, p. 316], the heat exchange-absorption section 22 in which the flue gases are cooled by heat exchange through the wall with a cross flow by an air flow moving through the air passages 8 of the heat exchanger 23 to a temperature below the dew-point temperature, A condensate forms on the walls of the gas passages 12, which in the form of a film flows down, is mixed with a condensate, saturated acidic components, oxygen and ozone, flowing from distribution chutes 21 and interacting with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in flue gases with The formation of NO 2 in the gas and liquid phases at a significant rate due to the presence of dissolved oxygen and ozone in the condensate and the further formation of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) [5, p. 348, 362], [6, p.180], [7, p.10, 14], after which partially purified from nitrogen oxides and cooled flue gases rise up into the separation-separation section 24, where they are additionally mixed with ozone and oxygen of air, separated from the saturated condensate draining down from the distribution chutes 21 , Nitrogen oxide (NO) is converted to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) as a result of the above processes and, in addition, on the surface of a porous nozzle covered with slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) in vertical perforated containers 25 Reactions of a mixture of NO and NO 2 with the formation of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO) 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is present in significant amounts (up to 14%) in flue gases, with the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) [8, 410, p.483], [9, p.406], which, in turn, interacts with nitric acid in the entrained drops of condensate to form calcium nitrate (Ca (NO) 3 ) [10, p. 227], after which most of the harmful impurities (NO x , CO 2 , water vapor) purified from flue plates 26 pass between the baffles 26, where they escape from the entrained drops of condensate and through the pipe 4 with the help of a draft created by an axial fan - a smoke exhaustor 5, Finally cleaned are thrown into the atmosphere.

The condensate saturated with acidic components dripping down the baffles 26 through the gaps between the vertical perforated containers 25 enters the gas passages 12 and the walls of the plate heat exchanger 23 where it mixes with fresh condensate and a saturated acid condensate draining from the distribution chutes 21 interacts with the smoke In the manner described above, saturated with acidic components, enters the collecting trays 18, from where, due to their slope, in an amount sufficient to provide the required reflux density of the subsequent absorption process, flows gravitatively into the condensate collecting pocket 17 where it mixes with the ozone-air mixture flow supplied by the blowing Fan 27, through an ozonator 28 to form a gas-liquid emulsion in which the oxidation and absorption of nitrogen oxides begin to form acidic components in the condensate, due to the pressure of the fan 27 and the low specific gravity of the emulsion through the lift tube 19, it rises to the upper condensate collecting pocket 20 [11, p.8], from where it enters the distribution chutes 21, the heat exchange-absorption section 22, another part of the condensate equal to the condensed water vapor, then flows from this section to the condensate cleaning section 15, where in the horizontal perforated container 16 c (Ca (HO) 2 ), on its surface, the condensate is purified from the acid components according to the reactions described above, after which the purified condensate drains into the tray 14, from which it is fed by gravity through the condensate conduit to the storage tank with the sludge settler 29 and in proportion Need to be added to the heating system. Simultaneously with the above-described processes, the outside air of the blower 27 via the first parallel duct is delivered through the ozonator 16 and the upper condensate collecting pocket 17 in the cavity of the housing 2 in an amount (2 ÷ 3)% of the total amount of blast air, forming an ozone-air mixture in the lift tube of the air-lift 19 , Where the ozone and oxygen in the condensate dissolve with the simultaneous formation of acid components in it, the gas-liquid emulsion and lifting it into the upper condensate collection pocket 20, and through the second parallel duct the majority of air through the pipe 3 enters the air passages 8 of the plate heat exchanger 23, -absorption section 22 where it is heated by cooling through the walls of the flue gases, then through the slots in the casing 2 is directed to the air box 6 where it is heated to the final temperature due to the heat of the outer walls of the casing 2, the boiler 1 and through the wall by the flue gas stream in Gas box 9, and then enters the fuel supply unit 7 and further into the furnace of the boiler 1.

When the reactivity of the perforated container nozzles 16 and 25 is reduced, which is determined by the increase in the penetration of harmful impurities into the atmosphere, the containers 16 and 25 are replaced without stopping the boiler unit by others filled with the regenerated packing through the slits in the housing 2 one at a time in order not to disturb the aerodynamic behavior . The regeneration process consists in that the used containers 16 and 25 are freed from the nozzle, the surface of which is cleaned of a layer consisting of a mixture of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 2 ) 2 )), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ), which are nitrogen-containing fertilizers used in agriculture [10, p.227], again covered with a layer of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), after which the regenerated packing is loaded into the perforated containers 16 and 25 and reused in the proposed Mini-boiler.

Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to carry out autonomous heat supply of the proposed mini-boiler, to significantly reduce the content of harmful emissions (NO x , CO 2 , water vapor) in the flue gases, to use as condensate water in the heating system the condensation of water vapor formed during fuel combustion and The composition of flue gases, catch and utilize, along with the heat of flue gases, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide without the use of expensive and harmful reagents, which increases the ecological and economic efficiency of autonomous heat supply.

LITERATURE

1. Ac. USSR № 802723, MKL 4 F 24 D 3/08.

2. A.S. USSR № 1560925, MKL 4 F 24 D 3/08.

3. Mikheev MA Et al. Fundamentals of heat transfer. - Moscow: Energia, 1973, 320 p. 4.Water heat networks. Reference Guide / Ed. N.K. Gromov et al. - Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1988, 376 p.

5. Kutepov AM et al. General chemical technology. - Moscow: Higher School, 1985, 448 p.

6. Kondratiev V.I. Chemical processes in gases. - Moscow: Nauka, 1981, 263 p.

7. Kuznetsov IS New methods for purifying gases from nitrogen oxides. - K .: NINTI, 1971, 45 p.

8. Nenetsesku K. General Chemistry. - Moscow: Higher School, 1958, 448 p.

9. Abramov N.N. Water supply. - Moscow: Gosstroyizdat, 1960, 579 p. Yu.Pozin M.E. Technology of mineral fertilizers. - L .: Chemistry, 1983, 360 p.

11. Poralo L.V. Air and gas liquid lifts. - Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1969, 160 p.

CLAIM

1. A method of autonomous heat supply comprising heating the water in a gas boiler with combustion products, supplying it to a supply pipe of a heating and hot water supply system, supply of cooled water to a return pipeline and thence to a gas boiler, characterized in that the flue gases leaving the boiler are cooled by an external and Blowing air up to a temperature below the dew point through the wall in the flue gas box and the plate heat exchanger of the heat exchange-absorption section with simultaneous heating of the blown air fed to the furnace of the boiler, followed by the formation of a water vapor condensate that flows down in the form of a film, Condensate, saturated acidic components, oxygen and ozone, reacts with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) to produce nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and further formation of nitric acid (NHO 3 ), after which the flue gases rise upward into the reaction separation section where the Further oxidation of nitrogen oxides and the formation of nitric acid, trapping of condensate droplets on the surface of a cap covered with hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), with which carbon dioxide (CO 3 ), nitrogen oxides (NO), dioxides Nitrogen (NO 2 ), nitric acid in droplets of condensate to form calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 2 ) 2 ), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ), after which the flue gases pass between the baffles , Are released from the drops of the entrained condensate and purified from harmful impurities are discharged into the atmosphere, and trapped drops of condensate saturated with acidic components fall down from the baffles to the gas channels of the plate heat exchanger and mix with a mixture of fresh and saturated acid condensate draining from the distribution trays along the walls Gas channels that interact with flue gases, then flows into the lower pocket to collect condensate and mixes with the ozone-air mixture to form a gas-liquid emulsion in which the processes of oxidation and absorption of nitrogen oxides begin with the formation of acidic components rising due to their low specific gravity in the upper A condensate collecting pocket and distribution chutes of the heat exchange and absorption section, and the other part of the condensate, equal to the weighted amount of condensed water vapor, flows into the condensate cleaning section where a horizontal perforated container with a cover covered with slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) Cleaning of condensate from acidic components with the formation of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ) remaining on the surface of the nozzle, after which the purified condensate from the pallet flows into the storage tank with a sludge separator, where it is cleaned of sludge and added to the heating system, if necessary.

2. A mini-boiler for autonomous heat supply, including a gas boiler connected to a heating and hot water supply system, characterized in that the gas boiler is connected by an upper cover to the flue gas treatment zone through an air box connected to the fuel supply unit in the boiler's embrasure overlaid on the boiler The external walls of the boiler and the treatment zone and communicating through the slots in the housing of the treatment zone with air channels and through the flue gas duct superimposed on the air box and communicating through the slots in the body of the treatment zone with the gas channels and connected to the boiler through the window and the flue gas manifold, Which is separated from the internal cavity of the treatment zone by an inclined board forming the bottom of the process area bottom pan containing a bottom-up condensate cleaning section with a horizontal perforated container with a cover covered with a layer of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), a bottom pocket for collecting condensate , Connected to inclined trays for collection of condensate, with an air lift for lifting the gas-liquid emulsion into the upper pocket, a heat exchange-absorption section with the distribution chutes placed in it and a plate heat exchanger with a cold air connection, a reaction separation section containing vertical perforated sections Containers with a nozzle covered with a layer of hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ), baffles, a flue gas outlet, and an air blower connected by air ducts to a cold air connection, an ozonizer and an air lift lifting tub, a storage tank with a sludge settler connected to the return Pipeline heating system with a boiler.

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Date of publication 25.01.2007gg