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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2215244
INDEPENDENT LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (HOAs)
Name of the inventor: Antonov EG .; Baklunov AM .; Britvin LN .; Britvin E.N .; Shchepochkina AV
The name of the patentee: Limited Liability Company "Scientific and Production Company" TGM "
Address for correspondence: 111673, Moscow, p / № 60, OOO "NPF" TGM "
Starting date of the patent: 2002.07.30
Autonomous life support system is used in heating systems, water supply, electricity. The system comprises a source of free energy, this energy converter into electrical energy, the energy communicated to the accumulator and the battery energy conversion device in thermal and electrical energy input to the serviceable objects. energy battery is made in the form of two thermal batteries - one low-temperature liquid, the second - a high-temperature solid-state, and the first battery is in fluid communication with the heating and hot water supply systems of buildings, the second - to include a heater and a refrigerator heat engine drives an electric generator, reported at least with the system building power. The technical result is to enable the implementation of environmentally sound land-autonomous objects technology with low running costs of energy supply.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to self-contained life support systems of land, mostly autonomous objects - residential buildings, industrial and public buildings, the individual autonomous communities, settlements.
The proposed HOAs designed to provide heat, hot water and electricity with stabilized frequency and voltage of the above-mentioned objects primarily through the use of readily available and widely used source of free energy - wind power and solar radiation.
For HOAs known vortex power plants with wind energy conversion devices can be used in the electric energy stored in electric batteries associated with devices that convert electric energy into stabilized with parameters that further, naturally, can be used for power and heat to buildings and other objects - analog (1).
The advantage of such wind turbines - Operates most frequently occurring low wind speeds of 4-8 m / s, while the bladed wind turbines are rarely effective in having a place wind speeds of 10-20 m / s. At speeds below the specified bounds elektropreobrazovaniya problems and the use of electricity generated into energy suitable for use by consumers, which reduces the possibility of full use of wind power and the use of these plants for energy HOAs.
Known and autonomous life support system for autonomous objects, such as HOAs space station "Mir", which contains the solar panels and the resulting power conversion apparatus into electricity with the parameters sufficient for charging, reported in turn to the devices convert accumulated electric power in the electric power with parameters equipment necessary for the operation of the stand-alone facility and its heating and hot water supply - the prototype (2).
Common analog and disadvantages of the prototype are: the need for all the gifts generated sources of energy converted into electrical energy with parameters suitable for charging electric accumulators, volume (capacity) of which at how a high non-uniformity of energy supply or demand high reliability of power supply becomes practically unacceptable; the need for subsequent conversion of the accumulated electric energy into heat energy, which goes on heating and hot water; the need to transform a large part of the energy stored in the electric accumulators in electric power with a frequency of, for example, 50 Hz and voltage 220/380 V three-phase power supply or establishment and serial production of the new complex electrical equipment for heating, cooking and to facilitate domestic work, electric pumps, fans, electric elevators, etc. running on DC 12 V or 24 V; the need for regular maintenance of electric accumulators; the need to ensure environmentally sound operation and regular replacement of electric accumulators, for example, once in 2-3 years, followed by recycling, which is a serious technical, environmental and economic problem especially when creating HOAs to stay a lot of people. These deficiencies manifest themselves especially when creating HOAs for existing land-based facilities, such as high-rise buildings, residential neighborhoods, villages, etc., for which the required amount of electric accumulators and the need for complete replacement of all electrical equipment (in the case of switching to constant voltage) virtually makes impossible to create environmentally sound, reliable and cost-effective operation of HOAs.
The purpose of this proposal - the creation of HOAs that allows to eliminate these deficiencies and thereby ensure the feasibility of the implementation of land environmentally autonomous objects technology with low operating costs for energy and any required for the sustenance of energy consumption and an arbitrarily high in real conditions of uneven energy intake stays of wind turbines and solar panels.
This object is achieved by the fact that the battery life-support system comprising at least one source of free energy converter of this energy into electrical energy, communication with the energy accumulator, and battery energy conversion device in thermal and electrical energy input to the serviceable objects according to the proposal:
- Energy storage is in the form of at least two thermal batteries - one low-temperature liquid, the second - a high-temperature solid-state, and the first battery is in fluid communication with the heating and hot water supply systems of buildings, the second - to include a heater and a refrigerator heat engine drives an electric generator, reported on at least with the building's electrical system;
- Low temperature and high temperature heat accumulators are equipped with electric heaters, messages from the energy converter gratuitous source;
- Refrigerator heat engine by the heat accumulator tank communicated with the low temperature, for example it is located, and its heater for high temperature heat accumulator tank in communication with, such as a gas heat-exchange circuit;
- A high-temperature heat accumulator located inside the low-temperature storage tank;
- Gratuitous source of energy is made at least in the form of a vortex wind power plant with a power generating energy converter;
- Thermal machine is made operating on the Rankine cycle, its heater is designed as a steam generator communicating with the high-temperature accumulator tank through the circulation loop gas coolant, a refrigerator is designed as a steam condenser fluidly communicated with the low temperature accumulator tank through the circulation path of the liquid coolant or by its immersion into the coolant low-temperature storage tank;
- All electrical power drive gratuitous energy sources connected to a common distributor for which this energy, adapted to power high priority storage tank and the gas coolant circulation circuit;
- Heat engine further operatively communicates with the pumps and gas blowers circulation of coolant in the circuits HOAs;
- Heater heat engine equipped with a backup fuel, such as gas burners, a source of thermal energy, heat engine and generator equipped with a device of stabilization of frequency and voltage in the power supply network of buildings and auxiliary drives HOAs adapted to its connection to the backup power supply system;
- Electric heat engine equipped with a device to synchronize the frequency, phase and voltage of the backup power supply system constructed, for example, in the form of a central power, to transmit it generated surplus electricity;
- Through the low temperature heat source heat meter communicates with at least one heating systems with the ability to transmit it as a thermal energy surplus, and her receipt of additional thermal energy;
- A high-temperature heat storage and heat engine generator configured to transfer heat and power an external high-temperature heat storage, located, for example, on mobile machines;
- High temperature and low temperature heat accumulators arranged to transfer heat from a controlled high low-temperature storage tank directly through an additional heat exchange loop.
1 and 2 are examples of the HOAs in the form of structural and layout schemes, where indicated: VyE-electric power output from the transducers gratuitous energy sources, renewable energy, electric power converters gratuitous sources from consumers HOAs charging heat high and low temperature heat storage, solar cells -elektroenergiya stabilized with parameters such as 50 Hz, 380 V generated HOAs devices due to the heat of high-temperature heat storage.
HOAs proposed consists of wind energy sources, such as a blade 1 (see FIG. 1) and / or vortex wind turbines 2, the latter of which is rational to have roofs. Wind 1 and 2, are provided with wind energy converters into electrical energy, such as electric generators 4, which in this AZHS can be of any type (direct and alternating current of any frequency and voltage). HOAs and can be equipped with solar panels (boards) 5, generates electricity. These energy sources are connected via the switchgear 6, which is able to contain at least one electric accumulators a small tank, at least two thermal batteries: high-temperature solid-state heat accumulator 7 (through the gas heat exchanger circuit containing the blower 8 and an electric heater 9 gas) and low-temperature heat the liquid (water) battery 10 (by electric heaters 11, for example, Tenova type), but also other consumers of electricity, does not require for their operation of stable power supply parameters, such as the electric heater 12. The low-temperature heat accumulator in fluid communication with the heating and hot water system by building 3 conduits 14 and 14 * are connected to the circulation pump 13 capable of adjusting the circulation flow, for example at a temperature in the return conduit 14 *.
High-temperature heat accumulator 7 communicates with a heat engine, such as steam, which operates on a Rankine cycle-through steam generator heater 16, the cooler-condenser 17 and condensate-feed pump 18. The condenser 17 of heat accumulator tank in communication with the low temperature, for example, by heat exchange loop or due to its placement directly within the storage tank 10 filled with liquid, such as water, circulating in the storage tank by means of the circulating pump head 19. The thermal machine 15 causes the three-phase generator 20 AC stabilized voltage and frequency (eg 50 Hz, 220/380). Frequency stabilization in this embodiment, implemented by adjusting the number of revolutions of the shaft of the machine 15, for example, vapor regulator 21. If desired cutoff sync generator 20 in phase with the mains plug 22 is external fine adjustment machine 15 rpm (e.g., bulk steam engine) via a throttle The generator controller 23. electric switchboard 20 through 24 in communication with the power supply system of buildings 3, and with the motor pumps 13, 18, 19, 25, blowers 8, 26, and other consumers. The pump 25 delivers water pipe work of buildings 3 and hot water systems. Blower 26 circulates the hot gas through the heat accumulator 7 for the supply of its external customers, eg storage tank mobile machine (not shown), which periodically charging heat are connected to the terminals 27 through an additional electric heater 28, which provides stabilization and increase in temperature of gas supplied to the required in a joint when charging them with heat circuit. Electricity heater 28 may be a stabilized power supply (input SE) and directly from the 6 (VE inputs) distribution device. Blower 26 and can be used for charging of the heat storage tank 7 when feeding electricity to the electric heater 28 of the switchgear 6 or injection of heat in the heat accumulator 7 from an external high-temperature battery, for example, the type of mobile when it is connected to the terminals 27. The blower 8 in its enforcement of the 6 devices (CEs inputs) or distributor 24 (inputs SE) is used to charge the battery 7 and / or the supply of heat steam generator 16 (setting adjustable resistors in the circuit - see drawing.).
steam engine the shaft 15 can be further operatively connected with the water circulation pumps and gas blowers, including 13, 14, 18, 19, 8, 24 to improve the reliability and efficiency HOAs.
Structurally, the high temperature battery 7 can be located within the low-temperature heat storage 10, see. FIG. 2, or immediately adjacent to it, which reduces heat loss, improve energy battery weight and size characteristics.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the pump 8 is adjustable and the additional condensate pump 8 * is set at its input. The pump 13 is configured and immersion. The heating system of buildings 3 combined with the interior of the storage tank, which additionally a heat exchanger 29 and the heat meter 30 to provide controlled heat exchange with an additional external circuit through gidrorazemy 31. Such an arrangement enables on the one hand supply heat to the storage tank 10 from the external heating network, or to give to this system of waste heat, leading his account.
Heat engine 15 can be performed by operating the Stirling cycle or other external heating cycle, but in all cases it heater located in the accumulator 7 or hydraulically connected with it the heat exchange circuit, and it is combined with a low temperature refrigerator teploaakumulyatorom total heat exchange circuit 10, i.e. substantially refrigerator and the battery 10 are integrally. Such an arrangement ensures full utilization of thermal energy, lost due to the imperfection of thermal cycle heat engine, since all of these losses go into a low-temperature heat accumulator 10 to continue to be useful used for heating buildings 7.
Powered HOAs described as follows.
If you have a wind vane and vortex wind turbine (vortex wind turbine casing efficiently cover the solar panels, boards and / or cover teplopoglaschayuschim solar coating rays to create additional thrust, increasing vetropotokah speed is supplied to the turbine), the optimum respectively at high and low wind speeds, but also solar panels generate electricity supplied to the distribution device 6 (VyE inputs), is transferred electric heaters - VE outputs providing a first high-temperature heat storage heating to a predetermined temperature, for example, temperature sensor 32, see Figure 1, is connected to. information input device 33 and 6 for power supply start-up process of the heat engine 15. Further, the device 6 connects their power outputs RE for heating the low-temperature storage tank 10. In this case, the generator 20 driven by the machine 15, already generates alternating current with stabilized parameters - outputs / inputs SE, which allows to ensure full power supply electric power supply of their own needs, and 3 buildings.
The heat generated in the condenser 17 and the heat goes to the heating of the storage tank 10. When the pump 13 and 25 is provided by heat buildings and water supply hot and cold water.
In critical situations (prolonged absence of wind and solar) electricity and heating of buildings 3 may be provided by the combustion of fuel in the steam generator 16, for example, stored in gas cylinders 34. In this case, the heat generated by the capacitor 17, 35 is transferred to the heat exchanger heating system due to their location a total heat exchange section 36, the battery system 10. The heating heat buildings 3 further carried out in the additional heat exchanger 37 due to heat the gases leaving the steam generator by burning of gas when the valve 38 is opened, the combustion process is controlled by the regulator 39 at the outlet steam temperature of the steam generator. Naturally, there may be used and additional fuel heaters of conventional type for borrowing temperature in the heating system (lines 14 and 14 *).
At initial start HOAs run blowers 8 and a feed pump 18 may be supplied from electric accumulators, for example, as part of the device 6, or by an external electrical system 22, associated for example with diesel power.
External heat system can be connected to the battery 10 through the low-temperature gidrorazemy 31, the high-temperature battery 7 via hydraulic (gas) terminals 27 and the external electricity system - through the electric switchboard 24 outputs.
Through these connectors in critical situations can be performed and a reverse process - makeup HOAs energy from its external sources.
These HOAs in their locations (dislocation) are through slots 27 to provide heat charging high-heat accumulators special vehicles equipped with, for example, steam-powered electric drive powertrain with steam generators, supplied with heat from high temperature, we carry on the mobile machine storage tank and reserve fuel heat generator. And mounted on jacks 27, 40 heat meter allows you to monitor and take into account the amount of heat tempered vehicle.
For the purposes of controlled heat transfer from the high-temperature heat storage low temperature, for example when it is necessary to increase the heat output for heating, high-temperature heat accumulator additional heat exchange circuit with the heat exchanger 41 (for example, located directly in the storage tank 10) can be connected by the heat from the high temperature accumulator tank 7 through the blower 26 and an electric heater 28 with the possibility of regulating heat transfer, such as an adjustable valve 42.
In general, the proposed HOAs virtually ensures the area its dislocation heat and electricity, including the cost of energy in the transport link in HOAs coverage area, with the full ecological safety of the environment and human habitation zones in areas where the power of these gratuitous sources exceed required for human activities energy costs.
Since the operating costs for the construction, maintenance and repair of thermal batteries are relatively small compared to the cost of construction and maintenance of the residential complex, this HOAs can be widely used. It is important that the introduction of HOAs significantly reduced costs and for the construction of accommodation, as sharply lower costs for the installation of underground utilities for various purposes and liner Trunk energy (power, heating).
The most efficient use of the HOAs in the Far North, but also for autonomous life support, remote settlements, where traditional fuel delivery difficult, or is associated with high costs of funds.
USED BOOKS
1. Serebryakov RA, Biryukov VV Whirlpool wind power plant. // Aerospace Technology. Ser.XII, Samara, 2000, s.48-73.
2. The technical documentation to the space station "Mir" - a prototype.
CLAIM
1. Autonomous life support system (HOAs) buildings and other objects, comprising at least one source of free energy, the drive of this energy into electrical energy, communication with the battery power, and battery power conversion device in thermal and electrical energy supplied to the service facilities, characterized in that the energy accumulator is in the form of at least two thermal batteries - one low-temperature liquid, the second - a high-temperature solid-state, and the first battery is in fluid communication with the heating and hot water supply systems of buildings, the second - to include a heater and a refrigerator heat engine an electric drive communicated with at least building's electrical system.
2. HOAs according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature and high temperature heat accumulators are equipped with electric heaters, messages from the gratuitous source of energy converter.
3. HOAs according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the refrigerator for a heat engine in communication with the low temperature heat accumulator tank, for example, is located in it, and its heater for high temperature heat accumulator tank in communication with, for example, a heat exchange gas circuit.
4. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the high-temperature heat accumulator is located inside the low-temperature heat storage.
5. HOAs in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the gratuitous source of energy is made at least in the form of a vortex wind power plant with a power generating energy converter.
6. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said thermal machine is made by operating the Rankine cycle, it is designed as a heater of the steam generator communicating with the accumulator tank by the high temperature gas heating medium circulation circuit, a refrigerator condenser is designed as a pair of hydraulically communicated accumulator tank with a low temperature by the circulation of the coolant liquid circuit or due to his immersion in the coolant of low temperature heat storage.
7. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that all electrical power drive gratuitous power sources connected to a common distributor for which this energy, adapted to power high priority storage tank and circulating the coolant gas circuit.
8. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the heat engine further operatively communicates with the gas blowers and pumps in the coolant circulation circuits HOAs.
9. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the heater heat engine provided with a fuel reserve, for example, gas burner heat source, a heat engine and an electrical device provided with the stabilization of frequency and voltage in the electricity network of buildings and auxiliary drives HOAs performed with the ability to connect to the backup power supply system.
10. HOAs according to claim 9, characterized in that the thermal electric machine provided with a device for synchronizing its frequency, phase and voltage from the backup power supply system formed in a central power supply, to transmit it generated surplus electricity.
11. HOAs according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the low-temperature heat source is communicated through the heat meter with the at least one heating systems with the ability to transmit it as a thermal energy surplus, and her receipt of additional thermal energy.
12. HOAs in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the high-temperature heat storage and heat engine generator configured to transfer heat and power an external high-temperature heat storage, located, for example, on mobile machines.
13. HOAs according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the high temperature and low temperature heat accumulators arranged to transfer heat from a controlled high low-temperature storage tank directly through an additional heat exchange loop.
print version
Publication date 26.01.2007gg
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