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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2034429

LINE OF BIOTHERMAL PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE IN COMPOST

The name of the inventor: Goncharov AI; Panov V.E .; Belokurov A.M.
The name of the patent holder: Small enterprise "Hercules"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.05.24

Use: in agriculture, in particular when processing organic waste in compost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: manure from the hopper and peat and straw pre-loosened and ground in feeder-dosers are fed into the mixer-shredder. Intensive grinding, mixing with additives of biological product coming from the container, is accompanied by aerating and partly warming with warm air from the air heater. The resulting homogeneous mixture of waste comes from the mixer-shredder by means of a conveyor system for loading into one of the composting tanks, where warm air is pumped through the air channel located below. When the temperature reaches 60-70 ° C, warm air enters the tank. There is a process of composting with a biological preparation, lasting for 5-7 days. The finished product is unloaded with screws placed in the casing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to complexes for processing organic waste into a product suitable for soil fertilization and for animal feed.

A plant for the processing of organic waste into fertilizers is known, including storage silos with dispensers for manure, peat and chicken manure respectively, bio containers, rinser mixer, waste composting vessel, waste mass heating device, waste liquid collector with thermophilic bioflora, pump And a pipeline that connects the collection of liquids with containers for biopreparation, devices for transporting organic waste and discharging finished fertilizers, a process control system.

The drawbacks of the known setup are mainly reduced to the following.

During the whole time spent in the production cycle for the composting process, the storage hoppers intended for loading the waste, the containers for the biopreparation, the belt conveyor, the screw loader and the mixer-ripper are idle without participating in the work.

It is difficult to implement and operate a device for heating waste, made in the form of electrodes in the center of the vessel and sites with side electrodes on the walls. In the process of heating the mass of waste with alternating current and in the process of composting, a certain part of it dries up at the places of contact with the electrodes, which leads to a violation of the optimality in the operation of the plant. To maintain the normal operation of the plant, it is necessary to moisten the drying material at the points of contact with the electrodes by means of channels and openings for receiving water from the specially installed tank. The automatic control system for the process of moistening the waste mass is more complicated than is practically necessary. It is irrational at first to use the electrodes to dry out the mass adjoining them, and then, with the participation of these same electrodes, to perform the opposite effect of moisturizing.

The components of the waste that come from the storage hoppers to the conveyor belt are not immediately mixed with the additives of the biopreparation and are not subjected to intensive aerating, thus the opportunities for an even distribution of oxygen over the entire mass of waste and creating favorable conditions for the thermophilic bioflora that accelerate the composting process .

Placement of the fork-mixer-ripper in the composting tank reduces, approximately, by 20-25% its working volume (accordingly, the productivity of the unit per unit volume decreases), and, due to its short-term operation, only during loosening during the loading of waste, it Does not provide enough of their aeration.

A metal-intensive device to prevent the formation of a sediment in a bio-preparation container, made in the form of a hinged frame equipped with periodically activated electro-vibrators, does not ensure complete mixing of the liquid with thermophilic bioflora throughout the volume of the container.

In the storage bin for peat, there is no provision for preliminary loosening and partial grinding, the absence of which precludes the possibility of obtaining a fairly homogeneous mixture of wastes.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the technical solution of the proposed line for the biothermal processing of organic waste provides an increase in processing efficiency and operational reliability while simplifying the design of the device for heating and aerating waste.

This task is achieved by the fact that the waste composting containers are adjacent in a single row and are provided with an air channel with overlapping arranged in their bases, made in the form of double-sided inclined louvres installed with the possibility of rolling down the liquid and compost, and two gutters in which the unloading Screw conveyors associated with a screw conveyor for unloading the finished product, and the device for heating and aerating waste is equipped with an air heater and air ducts with slide valves that supply warm air to the air channels of the composting tanks and to the mixer-shredder. In this case, the mixer-shredder is installed outside the composting vessel and is equipped with a device adapted to suck the warm air coming from the air heater into its work area by creating a suction effect therein, and the device for preventing the formation of a sediment in the bio-preparation container is made in the form of a lowered into it Open end of the pipe, the other end of which is adjacent to the pump line from the pump with the possibility of circulating the biological product and the veins with thermophilic bioflora in a closed circle.

The technical result of application of the characteristics distinct from the prototype allows to increase the load factor of the installed equipment in the line and to increase the productivity per unit of working volume of the composting vessel and also simplifies the design of the device for heating and aerating waste in which warm air is used as the heat carrier, Produced in an air heater.

In Fig. 1 depicts a line for the biothermal processing of organic waste, a general view; In Fig. 2, the remote element A in Fig. 1; In Fig. 3 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 1; In Fig. 4 cycle of technological process of processing of organic waste.

The line contains a dispenser for manure 1, feeding feeders equipped with a device for loosening and partial grinding, respectively for peat 2 and for resin 3, a container for biopreparation 4 with a pump 5 placed therein, a mixer-grinder 6 equipped with a rotary Type 7 with a throat 8 and a discharge throat 9 adjacent adjacent to the composting vessel 10 with heat-insulating walls 11 having an air-channel 12 located at the bottom made of tilted double-sided louver 13 provided with plates 14 and slots 15 therebetween , Two troughs 16 and 17 in which discharge screw conveyors 18 are placed, interfaced by means of windows 19 with a screw conveyor 20 for unloading the finished product, with the pitched ends 21 of the lower louver plates 14 located above the adjacent edges 22 of the troughs 16 and 17. The device For heating and aerating compostable waste in containers 10 and mixing in a mixer-shredder 6, comprises an air heater 23, an air distribution duct 24 with branches 25 to air channels 12, 26 to a mixer-shredder 6 and slide valves 27. The bottoms of the chutes 16 and 17 are provided with filters 29, beneath which is a tray 30 for collecting liquid with a thermophilic bioflora that is connected by a line 31 to a container for a biological preparation 4. The discharge line 32 from the pump 5 has two branches: 33 to the mixer-shredder 6 and 34, return, to the bio-preparation container 4.

The dispenser 1 is connected to the mixer-shredder 4 via a self-flow conduit 35. The feeders-dispensers 2 and 3 are connected to the mixer-shredder 4 by means of a collecting conveyor 36, the similar end of which is connected to the receiving part 37 of the scraper conveyor 38. The discharge mouth 9 of the mixer-shredder Is coupled to the receiving part 39 of the scraper conveyor 40, the discharge end 41 of which is connected to the receiving part 42 of the scraper conveyor 43 connected by means of discharge openings 44 with a scraper conveyor 45 interfaced by the windows 46 with the composting container 10. Under the discharge throat 28 of the screw conveyor 20, a receiving portion 47 of a conveyor 48 is disposed which discharges the finished product.

LINE WORKS AS FOLLOWING

From the animal building, manure is piped to the hopper 1 through the pipe, from which it is metered by gravity through pipe 35 into the mixer-shredder 6, into which simultaneously peat and straw are dispensed from conveyors 36 and 38, respectively, Pipelines 32 and 33 are dosed and additives of biological preparation. In the mixer-shredder 6, the wastes are intensively ground, mixed with the additives of the biological preparation, aerated and heated by warm air coming from the air heater 23 through the distribution air duct 24 and the branch 26 under the influence of the suction effect created by the chopping device 8. The thus prepared homogeneous mixture of waste is thrown by the throat 8 through The discharge throat 9 to the receiving part 39 of the lifting scraper 40 and from the discharging end 41 enters the receiving part 42 of the scraper distribution conveyor 43 which, in accordance with a certain alternation of cycles (see the exemplary sequence shown in FIG. 4), overloads it through the discharge openings 44 into one of the scraper conveyors 45. Further, through the holes in this conveyor, the waste mixture is discharged and through the windows 46 enters the composting tank 10. When the container is filled, about a third, when the loosened mixture of wastes under its own weight has not yet entered the container, The air from the hot air heater 23 is pumped through the air conduit 25 into the air channel 12 from which through the slots 15 in the louver 13 into the feed mix of waste that continues after full loading before the mass is heated to 60-70 ^° C. When this temperature is reached, In order to avoid overheating of the mass, air injection ceases and the process of composting and processing the loaded mixture with thermophilic bioflora begins, which is accompanied by heat release and maintaining this temperature. In the event of a possible slowdown in the processing process, which may be indicated by a decrease in the temperature of the mixture, the injection of warm air is resumed. Through the ventilation of the waste mass with warm air, it is heated and saturated with oxygen, which creates favorable conditions for the active activity of thermophilic bioflora, which accelerates the processing process.

The liquid extracted during composting contains a large number of thermophilic bacteria and is used in subsequent cycles of the technological process of processing organic waste. Flowing into the chutes 16 and 17, the liquid, passing through the filters 29, enters the tray 30, from where it is transported by gravity through the pipeline 31 to the container for the biopreparation 4.

The finished product is discharged from the containers 10 by screw conveyors 18 through the windows 19 to the screw conveyor 20 which transports it to the receiving part 47 of the unloading conveyor 48 and from there to the operational storage area or to the mobile transport.

The operation of the line can be manual and automatic, remote with an electro-pneumatic drive.

The proposed line ensures the continuity of the technological process of waste processing, thereby increasing the load factor of the installed equipment and the capacity of the line.

The use of air as a heat carrier produced by an air heater allows us to combine the process of heating the waste and aerating it, so that, in comparison with the prototype, the device for heating and aerating the waste is simplified and its reliability increases, while during intensive mixing of waste in Mixer-grinder, they are heated by warm air pumped into the working chamber, which has a favorable effect on the thermophilic bioflora on the acceleration of the composting process.

CLAIM

1. LINE OF BIOTHERMAL PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE IN COMPOST, containing means for preventing formation of dosing feeders for manure, peat and other components of the compost, connected with a heat-insulating waste storage tank that is communicated with a collection of biological preparation and through a pump and a set of pipelines with A container for biopreparation having a device for preventing sedimentation, a device for mixing and grinding waste and compost components and a means for their heating and aeration, conveyors for loading waste and discharging the compost, characterized in that the waste treatment container is made of a set of adjacent one to Other chambers, each of which is provided with an air channel located in its bottom and communicated with the means for heating and aerating the waste with an air channel, the upper part of which is made of a set of placed on each side one under the other and fixed at a distance from each other of the inclined plates, Both sides of the channel and communicated with the conveyor for unloading the compost by unloading screws, the means for heating and aeration of the waste is made in the form of an air heater which is provided with air ducts with valves for communicating the said heater with a device for mixing and grinding waste and compost components, Air channel.

2. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that each discharge screw is provided with a chute, the wall adjacent to the air channel is located under the edge of the lower inclined plate of the latter.

3. Line according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a feeder-dispenser of straw with a means of preventing formation, each of the feeders-dispensers of peat, manure and straw is equipped with a means for grinding said components.

4. A line according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for mixing and grinding the waste is provided with a casing with a loading and unloading throats and is communicated with the means for heating and aeration of the waste, the discharge neck of the device being connected to each of the chambers of the waste treatment vessel by means of conveyors .

print version
Published on February 19, 2007

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