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DEVICES AND METHODS OF PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2097368

SUMMARY METHOD OF RECYCLING WASTE WASTE WASTE AND WOOD WASTE WASTE MANAGEMENT BY HEAVEN WILES AND VERMIKOMPOST FROM SEWAGE AND WASTE TREATMENTS OF WOOD WILD ROCKS

The name of the inventor: Protopopov Nikolai Fomich
The name of the patent owner: Protopopov Nikolai Fomich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1995.09.01

Use: environmental protection, in particular sewage sludge, growing earthworms, production of vermicomposts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The all-the-year- round method for utilization of sewage sludge and woodworking waste with the help of earthworms consists in laying mats of a layer of 2-100 cm from fresh wood waste from coniferous and / or hardwoods. Biological material in the form of excess active sludge from secondary sedimentation tanks is filtered through sawdust mats. In volume ratio or volume of wood waste at least 3: 1 . The filtrate is withdrawn and fed to the aeration pool (aerotanks) for recycling. The upper layer of sawdust with dehydrated activated sludge is mechanically collected. From the sawdust-silt layers removed, up to 1.5 m in height are formed in open areas and / or fill containers for vermicomposting, worms and / or containers are filled with worms. Burts periodically watered with active silt, for 15-30 days before the onset of stable cold weather, the vermicomposting beads are interrupted. Vermicompost from sewage sludge and softwood residues is a product of light grayish-brown color with a weak earthy odor and contains, g / kg of dry matter: mobile forms of nitrogen 1.5 , phosphorus in terms of P 2 O 5 - 5 - 6 , mobile potassium (K 2 O) - 0.20-0.25 at pH 6.0-6.5 .

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, communal services, the woodworking industry, agriculture and forestry, soil biotechnology, in particular to the utilization of sewage sludge, the cultivation of earthworms, the production of vermicomposts.

The technical task is to create a wasteless technology for biological treatment of waste water; Utilization of sewage sludge and woodworking waste, year-round cultivation of earthworms in open areas, production of a vermicompost.

In existing biological wastewater treatment systems, surplus activated sludge from secondary sedimentation tanks is discharged to sludge sites, where it is transported to landfill, creating a threat of environmental pollution.

Woodworking waste (sawdust, shavings) is used in the production of building materials (if any), as litter in large livestock complexes, some remain unused, contaminating surface waters and cluttering the land.

A method for composting sewage sludge is known (Nebel B. Environmental Science, M. Mir, 1993, 1, pp. 301-318) , which consists in filtering raw silt, mixing it with wood shavings, stacking it in heaps Or compost series, aerated. After 6-8 weeks from the wood shavings, the finished compost is separated. The chips are used again.

The method of vermiculture of sewage sludge and the production of vermicompost and growing earthworms is known (Gorodnyi NM, etc. Bioconversion of Organic Wastes in the Biodynamic Economy, Kiev, Urozhai, 1990, 256 C, Morev YB Artificial breeding of earthworms., Frunze Ilim, 1990, 63 pp. Appelhof M. Worms Eat My Garbage Kalamazoo: Flower Press, 1982; Handreck KA Lee KE Earthworms for Gardeners and Fishermen / Discovering soils CSIRO (Australia) 1991, 32 pp. Hartenstein R. Hartenstein F. Physicochemical changes effected in activated sludge by the earthworm Eisenia foetida //J.Environ.Qual, 1981. v.10, N3, p.377-382; Mitchell MJ Hornor SG Abrams BI Decomposition of sewage sludge in drying beds and Potential role of earthworm, Eisenia foetida //J.Environ.Qual, 1980, v.9, No. 3, p.373-378; Mitchell MJ Mulligan R. Hartenstein R. Neuhauser E. Convertion of sludges into "Topsoils" by earnhworms (Compost Science, 1977, v. 18, No. 4, pp. 28-32, and others) , which includes mixing the sewage sludge with hardwood sawdust or solid waste, or garden garbage, settling with earthworms. Vermicompost is separated after 3 weeks to 10 months. The method excludes the use of sawdust, chips of coniferous trees as a scavenger in view of their toxicity for earthworms, and heating of compost piles above 25 ° C. The chips and sawdust of coniferous species are used after 1 3 years of storage.

A method for vermiculture of sewage sludge is also known (Haimi J. Huhta V. Comparison of composts produced from identical wastes by: "vermistabilization" and conventional composting, Pedobiologia, 1987, v. 30, No. 2, p. 137-144) , comprising Mixing of sewage sludge with wood bark (after 10 years of storage), settling with earthworms, separation of vermicompost in 30 days .

The closest to the invention is a device for growing earthworms (Japanese Patent Application No. 58-23046, Publication 83.05.12 N 1-577, Cl. A 01 K 67/00, C 05 F 7/00.) Applicant Takeda Esio. Earthworms ) , including the use of large wood chips, in which, by extracting the resin in an alkaline solution, minute gaps are formed, spraying of wastewater containing water-soluble proteins and finely divided pieces of fish.

The all-the-year-round way of utilizing wastewater sludge and woodworking waste with the help of earthworms is as follows. From fresh sawdust and shavings of coniferous and / or hardwood trees taken from the moment of formation and up to 1 g of storage period after formation, mats are laid with a layer of 20-100 cm , excess active sludge from secondary sedimentation tanks is discharged to sawdust mats for filtration, The mass of active sludge settles on the surface and in the thickness of the mat. Water with the remainder of activated sludge and dissolved components of sawdust by the inclined filtrate collection system under the action of gravity of water is fed into the aeration pool (aerotanks) for recycling. The upper layer of sawdust with dehydrated activated sludge is mechanically collected; from the sawdust-silt layers removed, form beads up to 1.5 m in height near the mats with sawdust and / or fill containers for vermicomposting, colonize worms and / or containers. Burts in the warm season periodically spilled with silt, knocking off the heat. For 15-30 days before the onset of stable colds, the beads for winter vermicomposting are interrupted. Burts left for winter are sieved in spring and the ready vermicompost is separated, the remains of wood waste are reused. Vermicompost from the substrate in containers and summer coats are separated after 20-30 days after the beginning of the vermiculture by sifting.

Vermicompost, obtained from active silt and fresh wood waste of coniferous species, has a high porosity with a content of g / kg of dry matter: mobile forms of nitrogen ~ 1.5 (pH 6.0-6.5) ; Mobile calcium 5-6 , mobile phosphorus in terms of P 2 O 5 5-6 , mobile potassium (K 2 O) 0.20-0.25 .

This vermicompost differs from other vermicomposts with high porosity, high content of mobile potassium. The greatest effect from the application is achieved when introducing into the soil a heavy granulometric composition (clays, heavy loam, slightly saline soils). This vermicompost is applied as a fertilizer for decorative, fruit and berry, technical crops, as well as for the restoration of technogenically disturbed soils at the stage of biological and meliorative reclamation.

CLAIM

  1. All-the-year-round method for utilization of sewage sludge and woodworking waste with the help of earthworms, including mixing biological material with wood waste, settling with earthworms, characterized in that mats of 20-100 cm layer are placed from fresh waste wood of coniferous and / or hardwoods, The material in the form of excess activated sludge in volume ratio sludge to the volume of wood waste is not less than 3-1 , from the secondary settling tanks it is filtered through sawdust mats, the filtrate is withdrawn and fed to the aeration pool (aerotanks) for recycling, the upper layer of sawdust with dehydrated activated sludge is mechanically collected , From the removed sawdust-silt layers form beads up to 1.5 m high in open areas and / or fill containers for vermicomposting, colonize worms and / or containers, periodically watered with active silt, 15-30 days before stable colds of the collar For winter vermicomposting interrupt.

  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sawdust, shavings from the moment of formation and up to 1 year of shelf life are used as fresh woodworking wastes.

  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the coats in summer and in containers the temperature is maintained at 15-30 ° C , in the coils in the winter time 10-50 ° C.

  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beads left for winter are sieved in spring and the ready vermicompost is separated, the vermicompost from the substrate in containers and summer coats is separated 20-30 days after the commencement of the vermicomposting by sieving, the residues of wood waste after sifting the vermicompost are used repeatedly .

  5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for earthworm vermification and production of vermicompost, earthworms Eisenia fetida spp .

  6. Vermicompost from sewage sludge and softwood residues, characterized in that it is a loose product of light grayish-brown color with a weak earthy odor and contains mobile forms of nitrogen of about 1.5 g / kg dry matter, calcium 5 6 g / Kg of dry matter, phosphorus in terms of P 2 O 5 5 6 g / kg dry matter, mobile potassium (K 2 O) 0.20 0.25 g / kg dry matter at pH 6.0 6.5 .

print version
Date of publication 02.12.2006гг