Start of section Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining	Stealth Master Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions	Secrets of the cosmos Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2279934

METHOD AND LINE OF COMPLEX PROCESSING OF MIXED WASTES

The name of the inventor: Kolomatsky Sergey Ivanovich (RU); Kolomatsky Dmitry Sergeevich (RU); Kolomatsky Evgeny Sergeevich (RU); Lebedev Igor Gennadievich (RU); Samohin Sergey Petrovich
The name of the patent owner: Kolomatsky Sergey Ivanovich (RU); Kolomatsky Dmitry Sergeevich (RU); Kolomatsky Evgeny Sergeevich (RU); Lebedev Igor Gennadievich (RU); Samohin Sergey Petrovich
Address for correspondence: 344038, Rostov-on-Don, PO Box 276, TP. Shabanova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.05.03

The invention relates to the sorting and processing of mixed wastes, including solid domestic waste, construction waste, industrial waste. The technical result of the invention consists in the possibility of carrying out a complex primary sorting by size with utilization of all components of mixed waste, including fine fraction, with the final separation of the organic part converted to organic fertilizer and the mixture of hydroxides of "heavy metals" For recycling. According to the claimed method of complex processing of mixed waste, a batch of mixed wastes are delivered in doses to the receiving and transmitting device, then during the preliminary sorting, the batch of mixed wastes is divided into four separators in a separator-divider, then part of the waste from the first stream after the secondary sorting, and Waste from the second and third streams are washed, disinfected, de-wormed in washing drums, and waste from the fourth stream, after separating black and non-ferrous metals from them, is sent to the waste and waste processing unit, where all washings of liquids are sent with the wastes dissolved in them, and where Fine fractions of waste and washings are re-grinded and fed to a pulp-forming agent in which they are subsequently treated with fat-loss reagents and for the transfer of heavy metals to soluble compounds, a mineral part is first extracted from the resulting pulp, then the remaining part is treated with a powerful electromagnetic field, then the activated pulp Are treated with a coagulant for the purpose of intensive precipitation of the organic part, which after dewatering is mixed with various additives and granulated to produce a complex organic fertilizer, and reagents are added to the remaining solution to produce two products at the outlet: heavy metal hydroxide mixtures that accumulate to the industrial Batch for processing, and purified water, suitable for a new cycle entering the water cycle. The complex processing line is equipped with a receiving and transmitting device, a separator separator separating a batch of waste into four streams, washing drums with liquid for disinfection and dehelminthization, a wash and waste processing unit, process activation apparatuses, hydrocyclones for depositing organic waste and hydrocyclones for precipitation of heavy Metals, a dehydrator, a mixer and a granulator.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the sorting and processing of mixed wastes, including solid domestic waste (SDW), construction waste (CM), industrial waste (SW).

An anhydrous method for processing solid waste and SM is known and a line for implementing this method. The method and the line include feeding the starting material, the primary size sorting, during which the large fragments are separated by a protective mesh and removed for grinding and working, and the main sorting for the recyclable components, most of the MSW and SM sieved through the mesh cells are subjected Surface treatment by a drip method with a disinfectant solution, then sorted into at least 12 recyclable composite components that are selectively separated by aggregates mounted along the flow of the sorting conveyor such as needle drums with a displaced shaft for light fraction extraction, transverse electromagnetic Conveyor for the selection of large fragments of ferrous metals from the main sorting conveyor, magnetic drums for the selection of small fragments of ferrous metals from the side auxiliary conveyors, induction traps for the selection of non-ferrous metals. (See the patent RU 2176566, Cl. B 07 V 9/00; published on 10.12.2001).

The drawback of this technical solution lies in the fact that the drop method of disinfection of wastes does not ensure the treatment of deep layers of the whole mass of waste, as a result the resulting land-sand mixture was suitable only for lawn lands and for reclamation of landfills and is not suitable for agricultural land. The closest technical solution to the proposed method is a method and apparatus for processing waste. The method consists of at least the following operations: rough excising of incoming waste, separation of heavy off-grade waste in the aquatic environment and removal of substandard waste for further processing, crushing of conditioned waste after separation of heavy off-grade waste and transportation of milled materials and liquid to pulper, dilution of these Materials in the pulper with constant, at least periodic grinding, separation of the slurry completely processed in the pulper, into various fractions and transportation and further processing of the obtained fractions.

The device for carrying out the method comprises a cutting device, a heavy non-standard waste separator, crushers, material dissolving pulpers, slurry separation devices, and means for removing and processing the obtained fractions. The invention makes it possible to achieve more efficient waste processing, and to remove most of the heavy components from the process at an early stage, without the formation of structures like filaments from filamentary components. (See pat. RU No. 2179070, MKI B 02 C 23/14, published on 10.02.2002).

The drawbacks of this technical solution include the following factors.

The known method of waste processing refers to the processing of fairly homogeneous, primarily already sorted waste and is aimed at releasing fibers from complex materials with the prevention of their twisting into bundles.

For complex processing of mixed waste, including primary sorting by size, this method is not suitable at the first stage because of the problematic nature of the so-called "coarse excision of incoming waste". Different groups of materials in mixed waste require a different approach to grinding. For example, if you try to grind MSW in the first stage, the glass will be shattered and, consequently, it will not be possible to separate it in the future. The way to solve this problem is the separation of solid waste into homogeneous groups of materials. Therefore, in our method of processing, all waste is "conditioned" and must be recycled up to the smallest particles.

According to paragraph 6 of the formula of the known technical solution: heating of waste materials in any part of the technology will further enhance odors. In the proposed method, odors are eliminated in the initial stage by installing a powerful supply and exhaust ventilation, a deodorization and disinfection system, and in washing drums due to disinfectant solutions, smells are eliminated altogether. Eliminating the "heating operation" of materials, we thereby save most of the energy and, due to this, we get a reduced production cost.

In the prototype under consideration, the most part is substandard waste, one of the products at the outlet is pellets for incineration, after which again there will be waste that must be recycled, and incineration of pellets requires the establishment of environmental protection of the environment. The method proposed by us refers to the material-saving, is aimed at obtaining raw materials for the manufacture of various products and has no combustion.

In addition, the known method does not set itself the task of disinfection and de-worming of waste, with ultimately obtaining soil-restoring fertilizers and a mixture of hydroxides of "heavy metals" entering the processing.

Accordingly, in the device part, the main subject of the invention in the prototype processing line is a grinding pump according to claim 10. We have the entire layout of the line and some other devices and tools, which we will discuss below.

The proposed method and the line for its implementation are aimed at eliminating the aforementioned shortcomings. The technical result of the proposed invention consists in the following: the possibility of carrying out a complex primary sorting by size with utilization of all components of mixed waste, including fine fraction, with the final separation of an organic part converted to an organic fertilizer and mixtures of hydroxides of "heavy metals ", Sent for processing.

The solution of the technical tasks is achieved as follows. The method for processing mixed waste includes the separation of waste into various fractions, passing them through several processing operations, conducting separation of waste in the aquatic environment, transporting the crushed waste together with the liquid to the pulp-forming agent, dissolving these materials there, separating the pulp into various fractions, and utilizing the fractions obtained.

According to the invention, the batch of mixed wastes is supplied in dosed portions to the receiving and transmitting device, then during the preliminary sorting, the batch of mixed wastes is divided in size into the separator-divider into four streams, then part of the waste from the first stream after the secondary sorting, and the waste from the second and third Streams are washed, disinfected, de-wormed in washing drums, and waste from the fourth stream, after separating from them, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, is sent to the waste and waste processing unit, where all washings of liquids are sent with the wastes dissolved in them, and where small fractions of waste and washings are ground And fed to the pulp-forming agent, in which they are subsequently treated with fat-loss reagents and for the transfer of heavy metals to soluble compounds, the mineral part is first extracted from the resulting pulp, then the remaining part is treated with a powerful electromagnetic field, then the activated pulp is treated with a coagulant for intensive precipitation Organic part, which after dewatering is mixed with various additives and granulated to obtain a complex organic fertilizer, and reagents are added to the remaining solution to produce two products at the outlet: mixtures of hydroxides of "heavy metals" that are stored before the industrial batch for processing, and purified Water, suitable for a new cycle entering the water cycle.

The separation of mixed wastes in the present method into four streams makes it possible to fully extract useful components from them in the accelerated mode, which increases the productivity of the entire line. The method allows to process up to 100% of the mixed waste, connecting to them the washings of the liquid formed after washing vehicles, unloading areas, etc., and allocating useful components from them, which eliminates the need for landfills and incineration of some components of the waste.

From the organic part of the waste, the method makes it possible to obtain complex organic fertilizers that are environmentally friendly and soil-restorative due to complete disinfection, removal of all possible heavy metal compounds and destruction of fats. Decontamination and de-worming of mixed wastes are carried out in washing drums and in process activation apparatuses where, as a result of processing by a powerful electromagnetic field with the passage of the so-called pH-jump, the pathogenic microflora and helminths are completely eliminated.

The mixed waste processing line includes several processing devices for separating wastes into various fractions, grinding devices, pulp-forming equipment, devices for separating slurry treated in a pulp-forming agent into various fractions and means for removing and further processing the obtained fractions.

According to the invention, the line is provided with a receiving and transmitting device capable of supplying a batch of waste with dosed portions, a separator separating the waste lot, depending on the size of the four streams, washing drums partially immersed in a liquid containing disinfecting and de-worming means, Washings and wastes, devices for separation from the suspension of the mineral part, the apparatus for activating the processes, hydrocyclones for depositing the organic part of waste and hydrocyclones for precipitation of heavy metals, a dehydrator, a mixer and a granulator.

In addition, the line is equipped with sensors for rapid analysis. In the line and the process activation device is made in the form of an electromechanical device, creating a powerful rotating magnetic field, where the pH reaches a maximum in the range of 9-12 units.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a mixed waste processing line.

FIG. 2 shows a receiving / transmitting device.

FIG. 3 shows a receiving platform for washing vehicles after unloading.

FIG. 4 is a part of a process flow diagram including a separator-flow divider. FIG.

5 shows a line section with devices for washing wastes in an aqueous medium.

FIG. 6 shows a part of a waste and waste processing unit.

The complex mixed waste processing line contains a receiving and transmitting device (hereinafter referred to as PPU) 1, which is located in a closed room equipped with powerful supply and exhaust ventilation and a crane beam for removing especially large waste and feeding them to the place of dismantling or shredding outside the premises .

The receiving-transmitting device 1 consists of unloading sites 2 in the amount of six to ten pieces with hydraulic lifting devices 3 and devices 4 for dosing the waste to the supply conveyor 5 (FIG. 2). The device 4 is made in the form of parallel rows of the comb 6 and is installed perpendicularly to each platform 2 in an inoperative position. In the working position, i. During the pressing of the waste lot, the rows of the comb 6 are located across each platform 2 to prevent damage to the conveyor 5 when unloading the waste.

The line includes both reception areas (FIG. 3) for washing and disinfection of vehicles after unloading, equipped with a duct system and a concrete pit 7 for collecting the washout after washing.

On the PPU 1 contour and between the receiving areas for washing, sensors 8 for gas analyzers and sensors 9 for measuring the radiation background are installed for express analysis during the discharge of waste in order to identify and localize hazardous waste.

The feed conveyor 5 is interconnected with a separator-divider 10, designed to divide the waste batch into four streams:

Flow I - large fractions: wood (branches, branches, fragments of construction debris (SM), particleboard, fiberboard, polymeric materials (mainly film), bags, cardboard, textiles and a small part of small fragments that fall into stream II after sorting.

On average, the flow I is about 30% of the total waste.

Flow II - medium fragments with dimensions of about 30 × 20 × 20 cm - are metals, footwear, waste paper (books, magazines) textiles small, polymeric materials, bone, stone, faience, cullet; On the average - about 30%.

Stream III is similar to stream II, but waste fragments are about 15 × 10 × 10 cm in size with the addition of food waste, foliage, radio electronics. Flow III is about 25%.

Stream IV - fine waste fraction: up to 1 cm in diameter. Basically it is: sand, clay, small pebbles, and nails, clips, buttons. This flow is about 15% of all waste, its sorting is completely mechanized and produced only for metals black and color.

Flow I corresponds to a sorting conveyor 11 installed immediately after the separator-separator 10 and separating the waste into the following components: wood, chipboard, fiberboard, polyethylene film, polypropylene (mainly bags), textile materials, waste paper (mainly cardboard). The rest is returned by means of conveyors 12, 13 (FIG. 4) to stream II.

The following chain of conveying and processing devices corresponds to the flows II and III: conveyors 14, 15, a washing drum 16 partially immersed in a bath 17 with a liquid which in addition to water contains a disinfectant solution and a de-worming agent. Next to the bath 17 there are successively mounted a conveyor 18, a ferrous metal separator 19 made in the form of a conveyor with magnetic shafts, a separator 20 of non-ferrous metals made in the form of a high-speed conveyor, a sorting conveyor 21 with ten workstations, a conveyor 22, a shredder 23. Devices corresponding Positions 14 to 21, similarly duplicate each other in both the second and third stream, and the conveyor 22 and the shredder 23 exist in one instance and combine both flows.

Flow IV according to the technological scheme of the line does not have a manual sorting and, therefore, its sorting conveyor. Immediately after the separator-divider 10, a conveyor 24, a ferrous metal separator 25 and a non-ferrous metal separator 26 are installed in the direction of the flow IV flow, and after them a processing unit 27, where the waste residues from all streams after the sorting come in.

The processing unit 27 consists of roller shredders 28, 29, a multi-stage rotary shredder 30 connected by a pipe 31 to a shredder 28, and connected by a pipe 32 to a pulping agent 33.

The processing unit 27 also includes a device 34 for separating the mineral part of the waste, a so-called sand trap, a battery of the process activation apparatuses 35 (hereinafter AAP). Each AAR 35 is an electromechanical device for creating a powerful rotating magnetic field.

Further along the processing line, the block 27 comprises hydrocyclones 36 for precipitation of the organic part, hydrocyclones 37 for precipitation of heavy metals, a dehydrator 38, a mixer 39 and a granulator 40.

The work of the line in accordance with the claimed method of complex processing of mixed waste is carried out as follows.

Motor transport with waste comes first to the weighing platform where we weigh and fix a batch of waste delivered to the feeding conveyor 5. After the weighing transport with the waste enters through the louvered gate into the closed room with PPU 1 where, using sensors 8 and 9, rapid analysis Of the incoming lot, in case of identifying hazardous waste, determine the place from where they were delivered by the motor transport number and, if necessary, call the services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, SES and the military registration and enlistment office.

The safe waste is discharged to the sites 2 of the PPU 1, the combs 6 of the device 4 are lowered into the working position for pressing the waste, then the lifting devices 3 bring the platforms 2 in an inclined position for pouring the waste in metered portions onto the feed conveyor 5 which sends them to the separator- .

After unloading vehicles are placed on one of the sites 2, free from waste, where the car is washed and disinfected and cleaned to the flight. After each unloading, both the receiving areas 2 and the space below them are washed. The flushing of the liquid with dissolved wastes formed after washing is fed through the canal system to the concrete pit 7, from where it is sent to the sewage treatment system and further to the waste treatment block 27.

Separator-divider 10 divides the waste into four streams operating in different directions, which increases the range of productivity of the entire line from 5 to 50 kg / s.

Large fragments of stream I enter the sorting conveyor 11, where they are divided into the six above components. The remainder with the finer fraction is fed by the transponders 12, 13 to the corresponding flow II.

Wastes from stream II are fed by conveyors 14, 15 to washing drum 17, where they are washed, disinfected and destroyed helminth eggs. Washed and disinfected wastes, large fractions of streams II are fed to the ferrous metal separator 19 where iron and iron-containing fragments are separated from the waste and sent to briquetting.

Further, the waste is fed to the separator 20 of non-ferrous metals, where the non-ferrous metals are separated: aluminum, copper and others, which, after sorting, are sent for remelting. And only after that, the waste enters the sorting conveyor 21 with ten workplaces, where the waste is sorted into ten fractions: LDPE, HDPE, cullet, PET bottle, bone, shoes, textiles, plastics, wood, rubber, waste paper (in books and Magazines). Each of these fractions is sent for appropriate disposal. The eleventh remaining fraction: stones, bricks, faience, concrete fragments - are transported to conveyor 22 in a shredder 23, where these waste materials are crushed to a size of less than 1 mm and used as a filler of wall materials (blocks, bricks, etc.).

Stream III has a similar technological chain, at the end of which the rest of the waste from its sorting conveyor 21 enters both the conveyor 22 and the chopper 23.

The fine fraction of waste from stream IV, the so-called screening, is passed through conveyor 24 to ferrous metal separator 25, then to separator 26 of non-ferrous metals and then to a processing block of 27 washings and wastes. This is also where the dissolved wastes are formed, which are formed in the washings of the liquid after washing drums, washing motor vehicles and receiving areas, and household sewage.

All washings are pumped to the input of the roller shredder 28, where the solid waste particles are ground to 1 mm or less. The fine fraction of the waste from the stream IV is fed to the roller mill 29, where it is ground to 1 mm or less and fed to a multi-stage rotary shredder 30, where the line 31 also receives flushes of the ground particles, where their grinding is carried out.

Thereafter, the resulting mixture is fed via line 32 to pulp-forming agent 33, where the first reagent is fed to the dispenser and the mixture is thoroughly mixed with a stirrer. To obtain a certain consistency, water is additionally supplied to the pulp-forming agent. With the help of the first reagent, saponification of fats is carried out. Then a second reagent is supplied to the pulp generator, which is necessary for the transition of metals into soluble compounds. It turns out a thin mechanical mixture of the smallest organic particles with a solution of compounds of "heavy metals", i.e. pulp.

The resulting pulp is fed further after the separation of the mineral part in the device 34 into the battery of the process activation apparatuses 35. There the pulp is activated by the electromagnetic field. In AAP 35, the pH can reach a maximum in the range of 9-12 units, the passage of the so-called pH jump, which finally destroys the helminth eggs and disinfects the pulp, which is then fed to the hydrocyclone 36 where it is acted upon by a certain coagulant to precipitate the organic constituent of the waste. Then the pulp is fed to the hydrocyclone 37 where the following reagent is added to it to precipitate the "heavy metals" in the form of insoluble hydroxides, which are stored up to the industrial lot for processing. Thus, the water is purified and comes back into circulation.

The organic part of the waste after treatment in the dewatering unit 38 is fed through a mixer 39 to the granulator 40, where organic fertilizer pellets are manufactured with the industrial name "SEDAN-AGRO-M".

The separation of mixed waste into four streams and three sorting conveyors allows the recovery of useful components from the waste mixture.

Wash waste, a protective screen, a non-contact sorting method, sessile workplaces in compliance with all the norms of ergonomics, air conditioning create comfortable conditions for sorters.

The water used is completely purified and reused in the process, i.e. It is used in a closed cycle with feeding on a natural loss of 5-7% of the total water volume.

This process has no waste, respectively, and does not need to be in the landfills.

CLAIM

1. A method for complex processing of mixed waste, in which waste is divided into various fractions, passed through several processing operations, waste is separated in an aqueous medium, shredded waste is transported together with the liquid to the pulp-forming agent, these materials are dissolved there, the slurry is divided into various fractions, The obtained fractions, characterized in that the batch of mixed wastes is supplied in dosed portions to the receiving and transmitting device, then during the preliminary sorting, the batch of mixed wastes is divided in size in the separator-divider into four streams, then part of the waste from the first stream after the secondary sorting, and Waste from the second and third streams are washed, disinfected, de-wormed in the washing drums, and waste from the fourth stream, after separation of the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, is sent to the waste and waste processing unit, where all washings of the liquid are directed with the wastes dissolved in them, and where the fine fractions Waste and washings are re-grinded and fed to the pulp-forming agent, in which they are subsequently treated with fat-loss reagents and for the transfer of heavy metals to soluble compounds, the mineral part is first extracted from the resulting pulp, then the remainder is treated with a powerful electromagnetic field, then the activated pulp is treated with a coagulant For the purpose of intensive precipitation of the organic part, which after dewatering is mixed with various additives and granulated to produce a complex organic fertilizer, and reagents are added to the remaining solution to produce two products at the outlet: heavy metal hydroxide mixtures, which are accumulated to the industrial lot at Processing, and purified water, suitable for a new cycle entering the water cycle.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the reception of a batch of mixed wastes, their rapid analysis is conducted to identify and localize hazardous waste.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the four streams at the outlet from the separator-separator are divided into a first stream where large and long-term wastes are fed, medium-sized wastes are sent to the second and third flows, and small wastes are sent to the fourth stream.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH of the pulp is adjusted to reach a maximum in the range of 9-12 units.

5. A line for complex processing of mixed waste, including several processing devices for separating waste into various fractions, grinding devices, pulp-forming equipment, devices for separating the pulp into various fractions and means for removing and further processing the obtained fractions, characterized in that the line is equipped with a receiving-transmitting A device capable of supplying a batch of waste with dosed portions, a separator dividing the waste batch into four stream sizes, washing drums partially submerged in a liquid containing disinfecting and de-worming means, a wash and waste recycling unit, pulp separation devices , Processed in a pulp generator, a mineral part, process activation apparatuses, hydrocyclones for depositing an organic part of waste and hydrocyclones for precipitation of heavy metals, a dehydrator, a mixer and a granulator.

6. A line according to claim 5, characterized in that the receiving / transmitting device is equipped with sensors for performing express analysis.

7. A line according to claim 5, characterized in that the process activation apparatus is made in the form of an electromechanical device creating a powerful rotating magnetic field, where the pH reaches a maximum in the range of 9-12 units.

8. A line according to claim 5, characterized in that the flushing and waste processing unit includes a roller shredder with an entry groove for waste dissolved in washes, a roller shredder for dry waste, a multi-stage rotary shredder connected by pipelines to a first roller shredder and a pulp maker.

print version
Publication date 20.02.2007gg

NEW ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS
	The technology of manufacturing universal couplings for unbreakable, threadless, flossless connection of pipe sections in high pressure pipelines (video is available )
	Technology of oil and oil products cleaning
	On the possibility of moving a closed mechanical system at the expense of internal forces
	Fluorescence in thin dielectric channels
	The relationship between quantum and classical mechanics
	Millimeter waves in medicine. A New Look. MMV therapy
	Magnetic engine
	Heat source based on pump units